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Log-normal flux distribution of bright Fermi blazars

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2018年第11期18卷 111-122页

作者： Zahir Shah Nijil Mankuzhiyil Atreyee Sinha Ranjeev Misra sunder sahayanathan Naseer Iqbal Department Of Physics University of KashmirSrinagar-190006India Astrophysical Sciences Division Bhabha Atomic Research CentreMumbai-400085India in Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics Pune-411007India AstroParticule et Cosmoligie CNRS/University Paris Diderot10Rue Alice Domon et Leonie DuquetParis 75013France

We present the results of the γ-ray flux distribution study on the brightest blazars which were observed by Fermi-LAT. We selected 50 of the brightest blazars based on the maximum number of detections reported in the Third LAT AGN Catalog. We performed standard unbinned maximum likelihood analysis on the LAT data during the period between August 2008 and December 2016, in order to obtain the average monthly flux. After quality cuts, blazars for which at least 90% of the total flux had survived were selected for further study, and this included 19 FSRQs and 19 BL Lacs. The Anderson-Darling and χ2 tests suggest that the integrated monthly flux follows a log-normal distribution for all sources, except for three FSRQs for which neither a normal nor a log-normal distribution was preferred. A double log-normal flux distribution tendency was observed in these sources, though this has to be confirmed with improved statistics. We also found that the standard deviation of the log-normal flux distribution increases with the mean spectral index of the blazar, and can be fitted with a line of slope 0.24±0.04. We repeat our study on three additional brightest unclassified blazars to identify their flux distribution properties. Based on the features of their log-normal flux distribution, we infer these unclassified blazars may be closely associated with FSRQs. We also highlight that considering the lognormal behavior of the flux distribution of blazars, averaging their long term flux on a linear scale can largely underestimate the nominal flux and this discrepancy can propagate down to the estimation of source parameters through spectral modeling.

关键词： active galaxy: blazar FSRQ BL Lac gamma-rays

Intensive care unit-acquired weakness–preventive,and therapeutic aspects;future directions and special focus on lung transplantation

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第19期12卷 3665-3670页

作者： Thirugnanasambandan sunder Department of Heart Lung Transplantation and Mechanical Circulatory Support Apollo HospitalsChennai 600086Tamil NaduIndia

In this editorial,comments are made on an interesting article in the recent issue of the World Journal of Clinical Cases by Wang and *** authors describe the use of neural network model to identify risk factors for the development of intensive care unit(ICU)-acquired *** condition has now become common with an increasing number of patients treated in ICUs and continues to be a source of morbidity and *** identification of certain risk factors and corrective measures thereof,lacunae still exist in our understanding of this clinical *** possible pathogenetic mechanisms at a molecular level have been described and these continue to be *** amount of retrievable data for analysis from the ICU patients for study can be huge and *** learning techniques to identify patterns in vast amounts of data are well known and may well provide pointers to bridge the knowledge gap in this *** editorial discusses the current knowledge of the condition including pathogenesis,diagnosis,risk factors,preventive measures,and ***,it looks specifically at ICU acquired weakness in recipients of lung transplantation,because–unlike other solid organ transplants-muscular strength plays a vital role in the preservation and survival of the transplanted *** differ from other solid organ transplants in that the proper function of the allograft is dependent on muscle *** weakness especially diaphragmatic weakness may lead to prolonged ventilation which has deleterious effects on the transplanted lung–ranging from ventilator associated pneumonia to bronchial anastomotic complications due to prolonged positive pressure on the anastomosis.

关键词： Intensive care unit-acquired weakness Critical illness myopathy Critical illness polyneuropathy Critical illness polyneuromyopathy Early mobilization Prolonged ventilation Nutritional rehabilitation Lung transplantation

Effect of Moringa oleifera on semen quality profiles in endangered Teressa goat under tropical humid island ecosystem

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Asian pacific Journal of Reproduction 2024年第2期13卷 89-96页

作者： P.Perumal Jai sunder A.K.De A.K.Nahak D.K.Chaurasia T.C.Balamurugan D.Bhattacharya ICAR-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute Port Blair-744105Andaman and Nicobar IslandsIndia OUAT-College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry Bhubaneswar-751003OdishaIndia TANUVAS-Veterinary College and Research Institute Salem-636112Tamil NaduIndia

Objective:To investigate the effect of Moringa oleifera leaf extract on semen quality parameters in Teressa goat ***:A total of 25 semen samples from six bucks were selected for the *** of 150×10^(6) were incubated in 0,300,500 and 700μg of leaf extract as groupⅠ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ,*** stored semen samples were analysed for motility,viability,total sperm abnormalities,plasma membrane,acrosomal and nuclear integrities,seminal plasma intracellular enzymes[aspartate aminotransferase(AST),alanine aminotransferase(ALT)and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)]and total antioxidant capacity(TAC)and spermatozoa malondialdehyde(MDA)and cholesterol efflux in comparison with the control group(groupⅠ)for up to 72 ***:Moringa oleifera leaf extract(500μg/150×10^(6) spermatozoa)-treated semen had significantly higher motility,viability,plasma membrane,acrosomal and nuclear integrities,and TAC(P<0.05),and had significantly lower total sperm abnormalities,AST,ALT,LDH,MDA production and cholesterol efflux compared to those in other Moringa oleifera leaf extract treated(300 or 700μg/150×10^(6) spermatozoa)and control groups at different hours of liquid storage(P<0.05).Semen quality parameters and TAC showed an increasing trend and total sperm abnormalities,MDA production,leakage of intra-cellular enzymes and cholesterol efflux showed a decreasing trend from group Ⅰto group Ⅲand then an opposite trend from group Ⅲ to group Ⅳ at different hours of liquid ***:Moringa oleifera leaf extract 500μg/150×10^(6) spermatozoa can be used for liquid semen preservation in Teressa goat at Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

关键词： Moringa oleifera Semen Teressa goat Andaman and Nicobar Islands

Adverse effects of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in cancer therapy:pathophysiology, mechanisms and clinical management

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2023年第8期8卷 3622-3648页

作者： Sunitha Shyam sunder Umesh C.Sharma Saraswati Pokharel Cardio-Oncology Research Group Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineRoswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffaloNYUSA Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Jacob’s School of Medicine and Biomedical SciencesUniversity at BuffaloBuffaloNYUSA

Since their invention in the early 2000s,tyrosine kinase inhibitors(TKIs)have gained prominence as the most effective pathwaydirected anti-cancer *** have shown significant utility in the treatment of multiple hematological malignancies and solid tumors,including chronic myelogenous leukemia,non-small cell lung cancers,gastrointestinal stromal tumors,and HER2-positive breast *** their widespread applications,an increasing frequency of TKI-induced adverse effects has been *** TKIs are known to affect multiple organs in the body including the lungs,liver,gastrointestinal tract,kidneys,thyroid,blood,and skin,cardiac involvement accounts for some of the most serious *** most frequently reported cardiovascular side effects range from hypertension,atrial fibrillation,reduced cardiac function,and heart failure to sudden *** potential mechanisms of these side effects are unclear,leading to critical knowledge gaps in the development of effective therapy and treatment *** are limited data to infer the best clinical approaches for the early detection and therapeutic modulation of TKI-induced side effects,and universal consensus regarding various management guidelines is yet to be *** this state-of-the-art review,we examine multiple pre-clinical and clinical studies and curate evidence on the pathophysiology,mechanisms,and clinical management of these adverse *** expect that this review will provide researchers and allied healthcare providers with the most up-to-date information on the pathophysiology,natural history,risk stratification,and management of emerging TKI-induced side effects in cancer patients.

关键词： clinical involvement organs

Trauma system in New Zealand

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Emergency and Critical Care Medicine 2022年第2期2卷 80-82页

作者： sunder Balasubramaniam Ian Civil Department of General Surgery Tan Tock Seng HospitalSingapore Trauma Services Auckland District Health BoardAucklandNew Zealand

New Zealand(NZ)is a country that is renowned for its beautiful scenery and numerous activities for *** also has a modern health system that is sometimes called upon to assist neighboring Pacific countries with advanced medical *** this article,we discuss the different components of the NZ trauma system ranging from prehospital to *** may be of interest to practitioners involved in developing or upgrading their country’s trauma systems.

关键词： Health System New Zealand Trauma

Traumatic abdominal wall hernia:a rare and often missed diagnosis in blunt trauma

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2022年第6期13卷 492-494页

作者： Sohil Pothiawala sunder Balasubramaniam Mujeeb Taib Savitha Bhagvan Trauma Service Auckland City HospitalAuckland 1023New Zealand

Dear editor,Traumatic abdominal wall hernia(TAWH)is defined as disruption of the abdominal wall musculature and fascia with herniation of intra-abdominal contents,in the absence of surgery to that area of the abdominal wall.[1]It is rare,with an incidence of 0.17%-0.90%in patients with blunt abdominal trauma.[2,3]Deceleration forces caused by falls from height or seat belt injuries are the most common causes of TAWH.[4]Low-energy blunt injuries from bicycle or motorcycles handlebars or charging animals are less frequent *** to the rare incidence and complex presentation of this condition with other distracting injuries,this diagnosis is often not considered,resulting in missed or delayed *** present a case of a 46-year-old male who suffered major abdominal trauma,and was found to have TAWH as well as intra-abdominal organ injury.

关键词： injuries abdominal diagnosis

An Efficient Long Short-Term Memory Model for Digital Cross-Language Summarization

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第3期74卷 6389-6409页

作者： Y.C.A.Padmanabha Reddy Shyam sunder Reddy Kasireddy Nageswara Rao Sirisala Ramu Kuchipudi Purnachand Kollapudi Department of CSE B V Raju Institute of TechnologyNarsapurMedakT.S502313India Department of IT Vasavi College of EngineeringHyderabadT.S500089India Department of CSE K.S.R.M College of EngineeringKadapaA.P516003India Department of IT C.B.I.TGandipetHyderabadTelangana500075India

The rise of social networking enables the development of multilingual Internet-accessible digital documents in several *** digital document needs to be evaluated physically through the Cross-Language Text Summarization(CLTS)involved in the disparate and generation of the source ***-language document processing is involved in the generation of documents from disparate language sources toward targeted *** digital documents need to be processed with the contextual semantic data with the decoding *** paper presented a multilingual crosslanguage processing of the documents with the abstractive and summarising of the *** proposed model is represented as the Hidden Markov Model LSTM Reinforcement Learning(HMMlstmRL).First,the developed model uses the Hidden Markov model for the computation of keywords in the cross-language words for the *** the second stage,bi-directional long-short-term memory networks are used for key word extraction in the cross-language ***,the proposed HMMlstmRL uses the voting concept in reinforcement learning for the identification and extraction of the *** performance of the proposed HMMlstmRL is 2%better than that of the conventional bi-direction LSTM model.

关键词： Text summarization reinforcement learning hidden markov model cross-language multilingual

The impact of COVID-19 nationwide control measures on trauma workload at a regional trauma center

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Emergency and Critical Care Medicine 2023年第3期3卷 94-96页

作者： Joan R.S.Fun sunder Balasubramaniam Li Tserng Teo Department of Emergency Medicine Tan Tock Seng HospitalSingaporeSingapore Department of General Surgery Tan Tock Seng HospitalSingaporeSingapore

Background The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic has led to the control of movement and diversion of medical resources in many *** affects the provision of care to critically injured *** We analyzed data from the trauma registry of a regional trauma center in Singapore,looking at patient volume and the pattern of injuries over a 3-month *** was compared with the same period in the preceding 2 *** A total of 93 patients were admitted during this period,compared with 111 in 2019 and 118 in 2018,a drop of 15%to 20%.The proportion of severely injured patients and the mechanism of injury were largely *** Although there was a minor decrease in the absolute number of patients,the severity and pattern of injuries remained *** should consider this when planning for the diversion of medical and nursing resources.

关键词： COVID-19 COVID-19 control measures Trauma load

Indocyanine green dye and its application in gastrointestinal surgery:The future is bright green

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世界胃肠外科杂志:英文版(电子版) 2023年第9期15卷 1841-1857页

作者： Zavier Yongxuan Lim Swetha Mohan sunder Balasubramaniam Saleem Ahmed Caroline Ching Hsia Siew Vishal G Shelat Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 308232Singapore Department of General Surgery Tan Tock Seng HospitalSingapore 308433Singapore

Indocyanine green(ICG)is a water-soluble fluorescent dye that is minimally toxic and widely used in gastrointestinal *** facilitates anatomical identi-fication of structures(e.g.,ureters),assessment of lymph nodes,biliary mapping,organ perfusion and anastomosis assessment,and aids in determining the adequacy of oncological *** addition,ICG can be conjugated to artificially created antibodies for tumour markers,such as carcinoembryonic antigen for colorectal,breast,lung,and gastric cancer,prostate-specific antigen for prostate cancer,and cancer antigen 125 for ovarian *** ICG has shown promising results,the optimization of patient factors,dye factors,equipment,and the method of assessing fluorescence intensity could further enhance its *** review summarizes the clinical application of ICG in gastrointestinal surgery and discusses the emergence of novel dyes such as ZW-800 and VM678 that have demonstrated appropriate pharmacokinetic properties and improved target-to-background ratios in animal *** the emergence of robotic technology and the increasing reporting of ICG utility,a comprehensive review of clinical application of ICG in gastrointestinal surgery is timely and this review serves that aim.

关键词： Fluorescence imaging Gastrointestinal surgery Indocyanine green