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Effects of Biochar,Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Nitrogen Application on Crop(Cichorium intybus L.)Growth and Soil Properties in Cadmium Contaminated Soil

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Journal of Northeast Agricultural University(English Edition) 2022年第4期29卷 11-23页

作者： Su Li-fei Li yan-cong Wang Sui sun Xiao-he Liu Bo-wen sun yan-kun College of Resources and Environment Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin 150030China College of Agriculture Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin 150030China

The effects of biochar(BC),arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AM),nitrogen(N)and their composite treatments(BC+N,AM+N,BC+AM and BC+AM+N)application on Cichorium intybus L.(C.intybus L.)nutrient uptake,soil properties and cadmium(Cd)accumulation were investigated in Cd contaminated soil(0.11 mg·kg^(-1)).The results showed that the addition of BC increased the rate of mycorrhizal infection.However,the addition of N slightly inhibited mycorrhizal colonization,and the shoot and root bioaccumulation of chicory was positively influenced by BC and N when inoculated with AM fungi.Compared with the single component treatment(AM,BC or N)or two-component treatment(BC+N,AM+N or BC+AM),the three-component composite treatment(BC+AM+N)had the highest shoot bioaccumulation,whereas BC+AM treatment was considered the best for root biomass bioaccumulation.Compared with the control treatment,the single component treatment(AM,BC or N)and the composite treatment resulted in an overall improvement of the chicory shoot,root related nutrient uptake(N,P,K,Mg,Ca,Mn and Fe)and some soil physicochemical properties;in addition,these treatments showed better results than BC+AM+N and BC+AM treatments.Among the Cd-related indexes,Cd concentrations in the shoot,root and soil of C.intybus L.were reduced through treatment with AM and BC.However,a lower bioconcentration coefficient(BCF)and a higher transfer coefficient(TF)were observed in both treatments,and the most desirable effect was observed following the combination treatment(BC+AM).Compared with other single management,the shoot and root Cd concentrations of C.intybus L.after the management of N alone were higher,and the value of BCF(2.63%)was higher,but the value of TF(1.05%)was lower.Indexes related to Cd improved concurrently following the application of N in combination with BC or AM.Therefore,in Cd contaminated soils,single or combined application of BC,AM and N could promote chicory growth and nutrient uptake and improve some soil physicochemical properties.However,N should not be applied alo

关键词： biochar arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi nitrogen nutrient absorption cadmium accumulation soil nutrient

Extreme Climatic Characteristics and Their Effects on Maize Yield in Hei-longjiang Province from 1961 to 2020

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Journal of Northeast Agricultural University(English Edition) 2023年第3期30卷 44-59页

作者： Zhao Chang-shuai Fu Hong-tai Yuan Ying-ying Li Xin-li sun yan-kun College of Resources and Environmental Sciences Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin 150030China Harbin Meteorological Bureau Harbin 150010China

This paper analyzed the extreme climatic characteristics of maize in Heilongjiang Province during different growth periods using the climate data and maize yield data from 1961 to 2020,and applied the principal component analysis to analyze the extent of different extreme climatic events affecting maize yield.The results showed that the extreme cold events showed a decreasing trend,and the extreme warm events showed an increasing trend,and the trend of extreme precipitation change was not obvious.Maize yield was negatively correlated with TN10p(cold nights),TX10p(warm days)and T8(days below the lower temperature limit),and positively correlated with TN90p(warm nights).T34(days above the upper temperature limit)and TX90p(warm days)during the tasseling-milking period were negatively correlated with the maize yield,and this part was concentrated in the southern part of Heilongjiang Province.The maize yield was positively correlated with the extreme precipitation during the seedling period and negatively correlated with the extreme precipitation during the filling-maturity period of maize,but the correlations were not significant.The effects of extreme weather events on maize yield were higher during the seedling and the filling-maturity periods than those during the jointing-tasseling and the tasseling-milking periods.The effects of extreme precipitation on the maize yield were less than those of the extreme temperature during different growth periods in all regions,but the effects of the extreme precipitation on maize yield were significantly higher in the Songnen Plain than those in other regions.There were regional differences in the impact of climate extremes on maize during different growth periods.The area with the greater impact of climate extremes during the seedling period was the Songnen Plain,the areas with the greater impact of climate extremes during the jointing-tasseling period were the northern part of the Sanjiang Plain,and the areas with the greater impact of climate extremes during the filling-mat

关键词： extreme temperature extreme precipitation maize yield maize growth period

Effects of Sowing Periods on Growth and Development,Yield and Quality of Maize in Cold Area

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Journal of Northeast Agricultural University(English Edition) 2022年第1期29卷 49-58页

作者： Liu Bo-wen yan Ping Zhou Yong-ji Xu Jia-qi Wang Yu-fan Xue Hong-wei sun yan-kun College of Resources and Environment Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin 150030China Heilongjiang Province Institute of Meteorological Science Harbin 150030China Heilongjiang Meteorological Data Center Harbin 150030China

In order to determine the most suitable sowing periods for maize in the cold area of Harbin City,the field test method was adopted.From 2018 to 2019,the main maize variety Xianyu 696 which was planted in Harbin City,Heilongjiang Province,was used as the test material for the six-sowing-period treatment experiments.The sowing period settings were as the followings:April 20(T1),April 24(T2),April 27(T3),May 4(T4),May 11(T5)and May 18(T6).In the experiment,the effects of different sowing periods on the growth and development,yields and quality of maize were studied.The results showed that the maize through T1 treatment had the longest growth period,the lowest height and the highest ear height,and the highest grain protein content.The maize through T6 treatment had the highest height and ear height,as well as the highest starch and oil content.And the grain crude fat,soluble protein,soluble sugar and the moisture content increased and then decreased with the delay of the sowing period.The maize through T4 treatment had the highest content of soluble protein.However,other quality indicators and the number of rows,the length of the bald tip,the number of grains per spike and the weight of 100 grains first increased and then decreased with the delay of the sowing period.The dry matter accumulation through T4 treatment was significantly higher than the ones through five treatments,and the 100-kernel weight and other ear-grain traits were the highest,the maizes through T4 treatment increased the yield by 21.54%compared with that through T1 treatment.Thus,the most suitable sowing period for the maize in the cold area of Harbin City was from May 4 to May 11.It provided technical supports for guiding maize planting in the cold area of Harbin City.

关键词： cold region maize sowing date maize yields grain quality

Risk Assessment of Maize Cold Damage in Heilongjiang Province in Recent 30 Years

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Journal of Northeast Agricultural University(English Edition) 2018年第2期25卷 20-26页

作者： sun yan-kun Yu Lan College of Resources and Environment Northeast Agricultural University

In order to make the relevant risk departments and the agricultural producers have a clearer understanding of maize cold damage, the data of daily average temperature of 83 meteorological stations in Heilongjiang Province from 1986 to 2015, and the risk assessment model of maize cold damage in northeast China were used, and the risk index values of maize cold damage in Heilongjiang Province from 1986 to 2015 were calculated. And according to the risk index values, Heilongjiang Province was divided into five risk areas. The results showed that the high risk areas and the sub-high risk areas of maize cold damage in Heilongjiang Province in recent 30 years were in Daqing and Suihua cities, the medium risk areas were located in the center of the Songnen Plain and other regions, the sub-low risk areas were located in the Songnen Plain, and most of the rest were the low risk areas.

关键词： maize cold damage risk assessment Heilongjiang Province

近40a黄土高原酿酒葡萄春霜冻气候风险评估

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中国农业气象 2024年第4期45卷 404-418页

作者：杨晓娟李金哲孙彦坤刘布春孙靖博栾庆祖刘园雷添杰韩锐中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所/作物高效用水与抗灾减损国家工程实验室/农业农村部农业环境重点实验室北京100081 东北农业大学资源与环境学院哈尔滨150030 北京市气候中心北京100089

选取黄土高原酿酒葡萄产区13个气象站点1981−2020年春霜冻期(4月1日−5月31日)逐日最低气温观测资料,运用数理统计和空间分析方法,研究不同年代黄土高原酿酒葡萄春霜冻灾害发生站次比、频率、日数、强度及风险,评估黄土高原酿酒葡萄春霜... 详细信息

选取黄土高原酿酒葡萄产区13个气象站点1981−2020年春霜冻期(4月1日−5月31日)逐日最低气温观测资料,运用数理统计和空间分析方法,研究不同年代黄土高原酿酒葡萄春霜冻灾害发生站次比、频率、日数、强度及风险,评估黄土高原酿酒葡萄春霜冻气候风险。结果表明:1981−2020年,黄土高原酿酒葡萄春霜冻期平均日最低气温呈极显著上升趋势(P<0.01),气候倾向率为0.42℃·10a^(-1);日最低气温极小值呈极显著下降趋势(P<0.01),气候倾向率为−0.75℃·10a^(-1);日最低气温极小值的气候倾向率负值主要分布在产区北部或南部零星地区,左权地区降温(0.76℃·10a^(-1))达显著水平(P<0.05)。黄土高原轻度春霜冻发生站次比下降,中度、重度及综合春霜冻上升;轻度、中度春霜冻频率和日数降低,重度春霜冻频率、日数增加,且重度春霜冻强度呈显著增加趋势(P<0.05),春霜冻综合频率、日数降低,强度呈显著增加趋势(P<0.05);各级春霜冻频率、日数、强度自西南向东北增加。黄土高原酿酒葡萄气候风险特征为轻、中度春霜冻的风险降低,重度和综合风险增加;高风险区域主要分布在北部的左权、太古等地,低风险区域主要分布在南部的鄠邑区、渭南等地。

关键词：酿酒葡萄黄土高原春霜冻风险

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我国东部山地针阔混交林碳通量特征分析

中国环境科学 2024年第6期44卷 3492-3501页

作者：孙彦坤张胤洲姚维杰叶京张峻搏潘小乐刘兰忠王自发程雪玲东北农业大学资源与环境学院黑龙江哈尔滨150030 中国科学院大气物理研究所大气边界层物理与大气化学国家重点实验室北京100029 中国科学院大气物理研究所大气边界层顶生态环境上黄观测站浙江金华321203

以浙江省金华市武义县大毛尖山为研究区域,开展复杂山地森林生态系统碳汇能力的观测研究,并利用涡动相关法在2022年6月~2023年5月进行观测,经过数据质量控制和质量评价分析,得到42%的优质CO_(2)通量数据.结果表明,大毛尖山周边以针阔混... 详细信息

以浙江省金华市武义县大毛尖山为研究区域,开展复杂山地森林生态系统碳汇能力的观测研究,并利用涡动相关法在2022年6月~2023年5月进行观测,经过数据质量控制和质量评价分析,得到42%的优质CO_(2)通量数据.结果表明,大毛尖山周边以针阔混交林为主,能量闭合度为0.89,能够很好的代表站点通量情况.CO_(2)通量在日尺度上均表现为U型变化,范围为-1.20~0.89mgCO_(2)/(m^(2)·s).四季碳汇能力强弱依次为,夏季、春季、秋季、冬季;各月份净生态系统碳交换量(NEE)均为负值,整体表现为碳汇.CO_(2)通量与气象因子中的空气温度呈负相关,相对湿度和平均风速正相关,夜间因呼吸作用产生的CO_(2)通量与土壤温度正相关.本研究初步解释了大毛尖山森林生态系统的碳汇特征.

关键词： CO_(2)通量涡动相关法(EC) 净生态系统碳交换量(NEE) 森林生态系统复杂地形

Micro-sized nanoaggregates:Spray-drying-assisted fabrication and applications

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Particuology 2024年第2期85卷 22-48页

作者： Dan-Lei yang Rong-kun Liu yan Wei Qian sun Jie-Xin Wang School of Life Sciences and Chemical Engineering Jiangsu Second Normal UniversityNanjing210013China State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites Beijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing100029China Guangxi Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Resource Processing and Process Intensification Technology School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringGuangxi UniversityNanning530004China

The applications of nanoparticles suffer from their extremely small size and intrinsic trend of agglom-eration.Rearranging nanoparticles to form micro-sized nanoaggregates(MNAs)with increased size,ordered structure,as well as controllable size,shape,and morphology is a crucial step in various fields of science and technology to maintain the unique characteristics of nanoparticles while obtaining greatly enhanced or new performance at the microscale.The structure of MNAs prominently affects their functionality,which is determined by the arrangement of nanoparticles and the interaction between primary particles.Several methods have been proposed to prepare the MNAs,in which spray-drying technology stands out considering the feasibility,scalability for industry,cost,and efficiency.Forced assembly of nanoparticles through spray-drying under tunable process parameters yields diverse physical properties and structural arrangements of nanoparticles of the MNAs,they therefore exhibit enormous potential in a wide range of application fields.This review presents the construction and applications of spray-dried MNAs.The factors that influence the size,morphology,and structure of the MNAs are discussed in detail.In addition,the outstanding application performance resulting from the tightly packed nanoparticles in regular-shaped MNAs obtained by the spray-drying process is illustrated.

关键词： Spray-drying Micro-sized nanoaggregates Applications

Thermal and mechanical behavior of casting copper alloy wheel during wheel and belt continuous casting process

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China Foundry 2024年第1期21卷 82-90页

作者： kun Gao yan Peng School of Mechanical Engineering Yanshan UniversityQinhuangdao 066004HebeiChina

To investigate the thermal and mechanical behavior of casting wheel,a two-dimensional thermoelastic-plastic finite element model was used to predict the temperature,stress and distortion distribution of the casting wheel during the wheel and belt continuous casting process.The effects of grinding thickness and casting speed on the thermal and mechanical behaviors of the center of the hot face of the casting wheel were discussed in detail.In each rotation,the casting wheel passes through four different spray zones.The results show that the temperature distribution of the casting wheel in different spray zones is similar,the temperature of the hot face is the highest and the temperature reaches the peak in the spray zoneⅢ.The stress and distortion depend on the temperature distribution,and the maximum stress and distortion of the hot face are 358.2 MPa and 1.82 mm,respectively.The temperature at the center of the hot face decreases with increasing grinding thickness and increases with increasing casting speed.

关键词： casting wheel finite element model grinding thickness casting speed hot face spray zones

Numerical simulation of fluid flow and free surface fluctuations during wheel and belt casting process

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research(International) 2024年第5期31卷 1117-1126页

作者： kun Gao yan Peng National Engineering Research Center for Equipment and Technology of Cold Strip Rolling Yanshan UniversityQinhuangdao066004HebeiChina

The unstable fluid flow and severe free surface fluctuations in the wheel and belt caster can affect the quality of the cast bar.The lower level height tends to entrap inclusions in the molten metal.On the other hand,the higher level height makes the production process more dangerous due to the overflow of high temperature fluid from the mold.A computational model of the molten metal pouring process was established.The transient fluid flow and free surface fluctuations behavior were calculated using the three-dimensional large eddy simulation model and the volume of fluid model.The results show that the flow velocity of the main jet gradually decreases under the influence of the low kinetic energy fluid in the mold.There is an obvious oscillation in the tail of the jet,while the flow field is asymmetric in space.The jet is closer to the inside radius side due to the Coanda effect,and there is a recirculation zone on the inside radius and the outside radius respectively,according to the 10 s time-averaged results.Compared with the industrial observation and simulation results,the shape of the free surface is a wave that varies with time.In addition,the free surface height is lowest and the flow velocity is highest in the region near the jet.

关键词： Fluid flow Free surface Wheel and belt caster Large eddy simulation Volume of fluid method