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From public to private solid waste management:Stakeholders’perspectives on private-public solid waste management in Lobatse,Botswana

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Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment 2020年第1期18卷 42-48页

作者： Nametso D.Phonchi-Tshekiso Gagoitseope Mmopelwa Raban chanda Okavango Research Institute University of BotswanaP/Bag 285MaunBotswana Department of Environmental Science University of BotswanaGaboroneBotswana

Upon the realization that urban areas can only achieve sustainable solid waste management systems through an interplay of partnerships and stakeholders,developing countries have geared themselves towards the privatization of waste management services in efforts to reduce costs and improve ***,a town located in the south of Botswana,faces the increasing challenges of poor waste management due to the lack of finances and resources available to the Lobatse Town Council,which hinders efforts towards a sustainable waste management *** has negative implications for public health and the environment,as a result of solid waste pollution from littering and the illegal dumping of *** work examines the current state of solid waste management and its challenges in Lobatse,within the context of the interplay between public and private solid waste *** study aims to perform a social exploration of the efficiency of waste management services,considering the political economy and households’perceptions towards these *** stakeholders were interviewed and a social survey of 222 households was conducted to generate primary *** findings indicate that the involvement of the private sector yielded positive outcomes,as it increased the solid waste collection frequency and improved the quality of the waste management *** of the stakeholders were in favor of privatization,and the households were satisfied and willing to contribute towards the cost recovery of solid waste *** is,therefore,recommended to promote and establish a private-public-community partnership in the town to improve the quality of the waste management system.

关键词： Political economy Private vs public service Solid waste management

Field evaluation of KO-Tab 1-2-3®long lasting insecticidal net performance in Milenge, Zambia

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Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering 2013年第7期6卷 4-10页

作者： Emmanuel chanda Alister Kandyata Javan chanda Pascalina chanda-Kapata Ministry of Health National Malaria Control Centre Lusaka Zambia Ministry of Health National Malaria Control Centre Lusaka Zambia Department of Biomedical Sciences School of Medicine University of Zambia Lusaka Zambia Ministry of Health National Malaria Control Centre Lusaka Zambia Department of Biological Sciences School of Natural Sciences University of Zambia Lusaka Zambia Ministry of Health Ndeke House Lusaka Zambia

Insecticide treated nets (ITNs) play a pivotal role in the prevention and control of malaria. Conversely, inadequate levels of ownership, utilization and durability invariably compromise their efficacy. Operational performance of the KO-Tab 1-2-3 Long Lasting Insecticidal Nets (LLINs) was assessed using the World Health Organization (WHO) standard entomological and epidemiological procedures, and a pretested structured questionnaire. The median knock down time for Anopheles funestus s.l. was 30 minutes (95% CI 26.3 - 34.0). Post exposure mean mortality rates were 34% at one hour and 80.0% at 24 hours (OR = 0.13, P = 0.00002). Children between the ages of 1 - 4 years old exhibited higher false positives as compared to the 5 - 15 years age groups (OR = 0.10, P = 0.0006). Parasite prevalence varied between rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) (40.4%) and microscopy (31.3%) (OR = 0.67, P = 0.2825) with 9.2% discordant RDT false positives. All malaria positive children were Plasmodium falciparum mono-infections. Hospital admissions reduced by 28% between 2005 and 2008, with case fatality rates reducing by 19% between 2006 and2007 inchildren under five years. No marked heterogeneity between LLINs ownership (66%) and utilization (48.3%) was observed (OR = 0.49, P = 0.0978). There was complete (100%) community level knowledge of KO-Tab 1-2-3 LLINs. The study provides evidence of potential of KO-Tab 1-2-3 LLINs for operational scale distribution, and substantiates the need for further longitudinal studies to monitor their insecticidal and physical durability.

关键词： Long Lasting Insecticidal Nets Malaria Vector Control Field Evaluation Zambia

Development of underground mine monitoring and communication system integrated ZigBee and GIS

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2015年第5期25卷 811-818页

作者： Moridi Mohammad Ali Kawamura Youhei Sharifzadeh Mostafa chanda Emmanuel Knox Wagner Markus Jang Hyongdoo Okawa Hirokazu Department of Mining Engineering and Metallurgy Engineering Western Australian School of MinesCurtin University School of Civil Environment and Mining EngineeringThe University of Adelaide School of Computer Science The University of Adelaide Graduate School of Engineering and Resource Science Department of Materials-Process Engineering and Applied Chemistry EnvironmentAkita University

An automated underground mine monitoring and communication system based on the integration of new technologies is introduced to promote safety and health,operational management and *** proposed system integration considering Wireless Sensor Network(WSN) assisted Geographic Information System(GIS) enables to monitor and control underground mining applications from surface *** on the capabilities of WSNs,ZigBee network is adapted for near real-time monitoring,ventilation system control and emergency communication in underground *** nodes were developed to sense environmental attributes such as temperature,humidity and gases concentration;switching ON and OFF ventilation fans;and texting emergency messages.A trigger action plan for monitored attributes above normal and threshold value limits is programmed in the surface GIS management *** is designed to turn the auxiliary fans on remotely or automatically in orange condition and sending evacuation messages for underground miners in unsafe(red) ***-users operation and 3D visualisations are other successful achievements of the proposed system for the underground monitoring and communication.

关键词： Wireless sensor networks ZigBee Underground mine safety Ventilation Mine monitoring

Environmentally friendly, microwave-assisted synthesis of 5-substituted 1H-tetrazoles by recyclable CuO nanoparticles via(3+2) cycloaddition of nitriles and NaN_3

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Chinese Journal of Catalysis 2017年第11期38卷 1918-1924页

作者： R. D. Padmaja Sourav Rej Kaushik chanda Department of Chemistry School of Advanced Sciences VIT University Vellore‐632014 India Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology A*STAR. 31 Biopolis Way Singapore‐138669

Recyclable CuO nanoparticles were successfully employed to catalyze the microwave‐assisted(3+2)cycloaddition reaction between nitriles and NaN3to efficiently synthesize5‐substituted1H‐*** salient features associated with this protocol are its cost effectiveness,rapid synthesis,stability,reusability,mild reaction conditions without any additives,high tolerance to various functional groups,and excellent yields under microwave *** environmentally friendly,microwave‐assisted,nanoparticle‐catalyzed synthetic methodology is seen as an alternative to conventional procedures that involve Lewis acid catalysts and a simple operation to the privileged scaffold.

关键词： Tetrazoles CuO nanoparticles (3+2) cycloaddition Green chemistry Microwave irradiation

Pressure-Induced Instability Characteristics of a Transient Flow and Energy Distribution through a Loosely Bent Square Duct

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Energy Engineering 2022年第1期119卷 429-451页

作者： Sreedham Chandra Adhikari Ratan Kumar chanda Sidhartha Bhowmick Rabindra Nath Mondal Suvash Chandra Saha Department of Mathematics Jagannath UniversityDhaka1100Bangladesh School of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering University of Technology SydneyNew South WalesAustralia

Due to widespread applications of the bent ducts in engineering fields such as in chemical,mechanical,bio-mechanical and bio-medical engineering,scientists have paid considerable attention to invent new characteristics of fluid flow in a bent duct(BD).In the ongoing study,a spectral-based numerical technique is applied to explore flow characteristics and energy distribution through a loosely bent square duct(BSD)of small *** is accelerated due to combined action of the non-dimensional parameters;the Grashof number Gr(=1000),the curvatureδ(=0.001),and the Prandtl number Pr(=7.0)over a wide domain of the Dean number 0

关键词： Square-shaped duct curvature secondary flow energy distribution chaos

Multiple Response Optimization of Dimensional Accuracy of Nimonic Alloy Miniature Gear Machined on Wire Edm Using Entropy Topsis Andpareto Anova

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2021年第1期126卷 241-259页

作者： Tina Chaudhary Arshad Noor Siddiquee Arindam Kumar chanda Shafi Ahmad Irfan Anjum Badruddin Zahid A.Khan Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering Indira Gandhi Delhi Technical University for WomenKashmere Gate110006India Department of Mechanical Engineering Jamia Millia Islamia(A Central University)New Delhi110025India Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering G.B.Pant Engineering CollegeNew Delhi110020India Mechanical Engineering Department College of EngineeringKing Khalid UniversityAbha-61421AsirSaudi Arabia

The purpose of this research is to obtain the optimum cutting parameters to achieve the dimensional accuracy of Nimonic alloy miniature gear manufactured using Wire *** cutting parameters investigated in this study are current,pulse on time(PON),pulse off time(POFF),wire tension(WT)and dielectric *** glycol,nanopowder of alumina and oxygen are mixed to demineralized water to prepare novel dielectric *** in inner diameter,deviation in outer diameter,deviation in land and deviation in tooth width are considered to check the dimensional *** L_(16) is employed for experimental design and multiple response optimization is performed using Entropy TOPSIS and Pareto *** indicate that pulse on time is the most notable parameter for good dimensional accuracy followed by dielectric fluid,current,pulse off time and wire *** glycol mixed demineralized water is preferred for low dimensional *** optimum WEDM parameters are pulse on time at 20μs,Ethylene glycol mixed demineralized water dielectric fluid,current at 3 A,pulse off time at 4μs,and wire tension at 18 N.

关键词： Miniature gear multiple optimization dimensional accuracy entropy TOPSIS Pareto ANOVA

Review of the malaria epidemiology and trends in Zambia

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2013年第2期3卷 89-94页

作者： Freddie Masaninga Emmanuel chanda Pascalina chanda-Kapata Busiku Hamainza Hieronymo T Masendu Mulakwa Kamuliwo Wambinji Kapelwa John Chimumbwa John Govere Mac Otten Ibrahima Soce Fall Olusegun Babaniyi World Health Organization(WHO) Country Office National Mataria Control Centre(NMCC) Ministry of Health HQ Africa Indoor Residual Spraying Zimbabwe Abt Associates Inc. Management Science for Health Chemonics International Malawi Indoor Residual Spraying LLC Inc Public Health International WHO Regional Office for Africa

A comprehensive desk review of malaria trends was conducted between 2000-2010 in Zambia to study malaria epidemiology and trends to guide strategies and approaches for effective malaria *** review considered data from the National Health Information Management System,Malaria Surveys and Programme Review reports and analyzed malaria in-patient cases and deaths in relation to intervention coverage for all *** showed three distinct epidemiological strata after a notable malaria reduction(66%)in in-patient cases and deaths,particularly between *** changes occurred following the(re-)introduction and expansion of indoor residual spraying up to 90%coverage,scale-up of coverage of long-lasting insecticidetreated nets in household from 50%to 70%,and artemisin-based combination therapy ***,malaria cases and deaths re-surged,increasing in 2009-2010 in the northern-eastern parts of *** in the disbursement of funds affected the implementation of interventions,which resulted in resurgence of cases and *** spite of a decline in malaria disease burden over the past decade in Zambia,a reversal in impact is notable in the year 2009-2010,signifying that control gains are fragile and must be sustained toeliminate malaria.

关键词： Malaria Epidemiology Trends Zambia

Quality Provision of Comprehensive Sexuality Education and Sexual and Reproductive Health in Resource Constrained Higher Education Institutions: A Case of Mukuba University

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Advances in Reproductive Sciences 2023年第3期11卷 47-59页

作者： Evans Lifuka Lazarous chanda Department of Educational Studies Mukuba University Kitwe Zambia

In an effort to ensure that Institutions of Higher Learning provide quality Comprehensive Sexuality Education (CSE) and Sexual and Reproductive Health (SRH) at the level of Universities and Colleges, indeveloping countries such as Zambia, some universities have engaged in offering programmes and services in CSE and SRH. However, the provision of such programmes has had some limitations in terms of resources to ensure quality delivery. As a result, there was a need to examine the provision of CSE and SRH in a resource constrained Mukuba University. The study has three research objectives: 1) to examine the CSE and SRH programmes and services that are available at Mukuba University;2) to determine the actual resources available for the University to ensure quality provision of CSE and SRH to students;3) to use views and opinions of students and academics to examine the extent to which the CSE and SRH are reflected as standards by UNESCO and universities and colleges. The study took a pragmatic philosophy stance and convergent parallel research design of mixed methods;the primary approach is qualitative which will be analysed using thematic analysis, while the quantitative approach was secondary and the data was analysed using descriptive statistics. The study envisaged some implications that include the rise in communicable diseases such as Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), gender based violence, general lack of information on matters relating to CSE and SRH among students at Mukuba University. The policy implication is that policy makers will be able to formulate policies that address the needs and challenges of students in providing quality CSE and SRH programmes and services for a university that is constrained with resources. The study found that there was a need to contextualize the quality provision of CSE and SRH at an institutional level, for instance, Mukuba University has created an enabling environment for qua

关键词： Quality Comprehensive Sexuality Education Sexual and Reproductive Health

Bio-efficacy and persistence evaluation of Dimilin®GR-2% and Mosquiron®10 EC insect growth regulators against Anopheles gambiaes.l (diptera: Culicidae) larvae

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Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering 2013年第7期6卷 11-16页

作者： Emmanuel chanda Alister Kandyata Javan chanda Kumar S. Baboo Department of Biological Sciences School of Natural Sciences University of Zambia Lusaka Zambia Department of Community Medicine School of Medicine University of Zambia Lusaka Zambia Directorate of Public Health and Research National Malaria Control Centre Ministry of Health Lusaka Zambia

Expansive chemical-based vector control has resulted in development of vector resistance to different insecticides harnessed for prevention of disease transmission in public health. The environmentally safe insect growth regulators and microbial larvicides provide potential tools for insecticide resistance management. The efficacy and persistence of Dimilin GR-2% and Mosquiron 10 EC insect growth regulators were evaluated against Anopheles gambiae s.l larvae under laboratory and simulated field conditions. In laboratory bio-efficacy trials, complete emergence inhibition was achieved at higher concentrations with 96 hours post exposure of mosquito aquatic stages to the two larvicides. In simulation field trials, persistence of both larvicides at higher concentrations increased gradually with complete inhibition attained at 7 days and maintained up to 21 days. In the quest of deploying non insecticide based interventions for a sustainable environment, insect growth regulators can be recommended for operational scale larviciding for mosquito larval control in the context of integrated vector management.

关键词： Evaluation Insect Growth Regulators Integrated Vector Management Malaria Control