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Hepatitis B virus molecular biology and pathogenesis

Hepatoma Research 2016年第1期2卷 163-186页

作者： R.Jason Lamontagne sumedha bagga Michael J.Bouchard Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Drexel University College of MedicinePhiladelphiaPA 19102USA The Wistar Institute PhiladelphiaPA 19104USA

As obligate intracellular parasites,viruses need a host cell to provide a milieu favorable to viral ***,viruses often adopt mechanisms to subvert host cellular signaling *** beneficial for the viral replication cycle,virus-induced deregulation of host cellular signaling processes can be detrimental to host cell physiology and can lead to virus-associated pathogenesis,including,for oncogenic viruses,cell transformation and cancer *** among these oncogenic viruses is the hepatitis B virus(HBV).Despite the availability of an HBV vaccine,350-500 million people worldwide are chronically infected with HBV,and a significant number of these chronically infected individuals will develop hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Epidemiological studies indicate that chronic infection with HBV is the leading risk factor for the development of ***,HCC is the second highest cause of cancer-associated deaths,underscoring the need for understanding mechanisms that regulate HBV replication and the development of HBV-associated *** is the prototype member of the Hepadnaviridae family;members of this family of viruses have a narrow host range and predominately infect hepatocytes in their respective *** extremely small and compact hepadnaviral genome,the unique arrangement of open reading frames,and a replication strategy utilizing reverse transcription of an RNA intermediate to generate the DNA genome are distinguishing features of the *** this review,the authors provide a comprehensive description of HBV biology,summarize the model systems used for studying HBV infections,and highlight potential mechanisms that link a chronic HBV-infection to the development of *** example,the HBV X protein(HBx),a key regulatory HBV protein that is important for HBV replication,is thought to play a cofactor role in the development of HBV-induced HCC,and the authors highlight the functions of HBx that may contribute to the dev

关键词： Hepatitis B virus hepatocellular carcinoma hepatitis B virus life cycle hepatitis B virus-associated disease

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Artificial intelligence and machine learning in colorectal cancer

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Artificial Intelligence in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2022年第3期3卷 31-43页

作者： Muhammad Awidi Arindam bagga Internal Medicine Beth Israel Lahey HealthBurlingtonMA 01805United States Internal Medicine Tufts Medical CenterBostonMA 02111United States

Colorectal cancer(CRC)is a heterogeneous illness characterized by various epigenetic and microenvironmental changes and is the third-highest cause of cancer-related death in the *** intelligence(AI)with its ability to allow automatic learning and improvement from experiences using statistical methods and Deep learning has made a distinctive contribution to the diagnosis and treatment of several cancer *** review discusses the uses and application of AI in CRC screening using automated polyp detection assistance technologies to the development of computer-assisted diagnostic algorithms capable of accurately detecting polyps during colonoscopy and classifying ***,we summarize the current research initiatives geared towards building computer-assisted diagnostic algorithms that aim at improving the diagnostic accuracy of benign from premalignant *** the evolving transition to more personalized and tailored treatment strategies for CRC,the review also discusses the development of machine learning algorithms to understand responses to therapies and mechanisms of resistance as well as the future roles that AI applications may play in assisting in the treatment of CRC with the aim to improve disease *** also discuss the constraints and limitations of the use of AI *** the medical profession remains enthusiastic about the future of AI and machine learning,large-scale randomized clinical trials are needed to analyze AI algorithms before they can be used.

关键词： Artificial intelligence Machine learning Colonic polyps Colorectal neoplasms Computer-aided diagnosis Precision oncology

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Pretreatment of caffeine leads to partial neuroprotection in MPTP model of Parkinson＇s disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2016年第11期11卷 1750-1751页

作者： Puneet bagga Anant B. Patel Center for Magnetic Resonance and Optical Imaging Department of Radiology University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology Habsiguda Hyderabad India

Parkinson＇s disease （PD） is disorder affecting more than a common neurodegenerative 1% people above 60 years of age worldwide, manifesting as the impaired motor function such as tremors, rigidity, akinesia/bradykinesia and postural inefficiency with a reduced life expectancy （Dorsey et al., 2007）. PD is believed to be the end result of the progressive death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta （SNc）.

关键词： MPTP Pretreatment of caffeine leads to partial neuroprotection in MPTP model of Parkinson’s disease

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Vitreo-retinal interface changes on optical coherence tomography in the fellow eyes of patients with macular hole

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2013年第4期6卷 526-530页

作者： Ajit Babu Majji Jay Kumar Chhablani Bupesh bagga Smt.Kanuri Santhamma Retina Vitreous Centre L.V.Prasad Eye InstituteKallam Anji Reddy CampusL.V.Prasad MargBanjara HillsHyderabad 500034India

AIM:To study the vitreo-retinal interface and macular changes on optical coherence tomography(OCT) in the fellow eyes of patients with macular hole.·METHODS:Patients with idiopathic macular hole in one or both eyes presented to our institute between January 2003 and December 2009 were evaluated *** details,best-corrected visual acuity and vitreo-retinal interface,and macular changes of the fellow eye on OCT were studied.·RESULTS:Seventy patients underwent OCT of both eyes during the study *** average age group was 61.96 years and 35(50%) were *** the fellow eyes,normal foveal contour was noted in 36(51.4%) eyes and 34(48.6%) eyes were observed to have vitreo-retinal interface *** them,13(18.6%) eyes had some stage of full thickness macular hole and 21(30.0%) eyes had interface *** was no statistical correlation between involved eye lesions(P =0.64) or visual acuity(P =0.55) as predictors of development of either fellow eye lesions or poor visual acuity.·CONCLUSION:There is a significant chance of having vitreo-retinal interface findings in the fellow eyes of patients presenting with macular *** should be considered in both eyes of patients with macular hole to detect early changes in the fellow eyes,which may require an early intervention.

关键词： macular hole fellow eye optical coherence tomography vitreo-retinal interface

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Cytokine- and chemokine-induced inflammatory colorectal tumor microenvironment: Emerging avenue for targeted therapy

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Cancer Communications 2022年第8期42卷 689-715页

作者： Ajaz A.Bhat Sabah Nisar Mayank Singh Bazella Ashraf Tariq Masoodi Chandra P.Prasad Atul Sharma Selma Maacha Thasni Karedath Sheema Hashem Syed Besina Yasin Puneet bagga Ravinder Reddy Michael P.Frennaux Shahab Uddin Punita Dhawan Mohammad Haris Muzafar A.Macha Laboratory of Molecular and Metabolic Imaging Cancer Research DepartmentSidra MedicineDoha 26999Qatar Department of Medical Oncology Dr.B.R.Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer HospitalAll India Institute of Medical Sciences(AIIMS)New Delhi 110029India Department of Biotechnology School of Life SciencesCentral University of KashmirGanderbalJammu&Kashmir 191201India Division of Translational Medicine Research BranchSidra MedicineDoha 26999Qatar Genomics Core Facility QBRIQatar FoundationDoha 34110Qatar Department of Pathology Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical SciencesSrinagarJammu&Kashmir 190011India Department of Diagnostic Imaging St.Jude Children’s Research HospitalMemphisTN 38105USA Center for Advanced Metabolic Imaging in Precision Medicine Department of RadiologyPerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA Academic Health System Hamad Medical CorporationDoha 3050Qatar Translational Research Institute Hamad Medical CorporationDoha 3050Qatar Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology University of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNE 68198USA Laboratory Animal Research Center Qatar UniversityDoha 2713Qatar Watson-Crick Centre for Molecular Medicine Islamic University of Science and TechnologyAwantiporaJammu&Kashmir 192122India

Colorectal cancer(CRC)is a predominant life-threatening cancer,with liver and peritoneal metastases as the primary causes of *** inflammation,a known CRC risk factor,nurtures a local inflammatory environment enriched with tumor cells,endothelial cells,immune cells,cancer-associated fibroblasts,immunosuppressive cells,and secretory growth *** complex interactions of aberrantly expressed cytokines,chemokines,growth factors,and matrix-remodeling enzymes promote CRC pathogenesis and evoke systemic responses that affect disease *** evidence suggests that these cytokines and chemokines play a role in the progression of CRC through immunosuppression and modulation of the tumor microenvironment,which is partly achieved by the recruitment of immunosuppressive *** cells impart features such as cancer stem cell-like properties,drug resistance,invasion,and formation of the premetastatic niche in distant organs,promoting metastasis and aggressive CRC growth.A deeper understanding of the cytokineand chemokine-mediated signaling networks that link tumor progression and metastasis will provide insights into the mechanistic details of disease aggressiveness and facilitate the development of novel therapeutics for ***,we summarized the current knowledge of cytokine-and chemokine-mediated crosstalk in the inflammatory tumor microenvironment,which drives immunosuppression,resistance to therapeutics,and metastasis during CRC *** also outlined the potential of this crosstalk as a novel therapeutic target for *** major cytokine/chemokine pathways involved in cancer immunotherapy are also discussed in this review.

关键词： chemokine colorectal cancer cytokine drug resistance epithelial-mesenchymal transition immunosuppression immunotherapy inflammation metastasis tumor microenvironment

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在巨大视杯视盘眼中临床变量与青光眼损害的相关性

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世界核心医学期刊文摘(眼科学分册) 2006年第4期 60-61页

作者： Greenfield D.S. bagga H. 安胜 *** Palmer Eye Institute 7108 Fairway Drive Palm Beach Gardens FL 33418 United States

BACKGROUNDANDOBJECTIVE: To characterize the range of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and standard automated perimetry damage in eyes with large vertical cup-disc ratio (VCDR). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Complete examination, standard automated perimetry, scanning laser polarimetry with variable corneal compensation, and optical coherence tomography (OCT) of the RNFL and optic nerve head were performed. LargeVCDR was defined as ≥0.80 using stereoscopic disc examination and OCT optic nerve head analysis. Structural and functional characteristics were assessed separately in eyes with a disc area of less than 2 mm2, 2 to 2.5 mm2 and greater than 2.5 mm2. RESULTS: Fifty-seven eyes of 57 subjects were enrolled. A broad range in mean deviation (2.0 to-32.8 dB) and mean RNFL thickness with OCT (24.3-100.4 μm) and scanning laser polarimetry with variable corneal compensation (24.0-61.7 μm) was identified. Predictors of standard automated perimetry severity using multiple linear regression were mean RNFL thickness using OCT (P=.001) and scanning laser polarimetry (P=.001), OCT-vertical cup diameter (P=.003), temporal, superior, nasal, inferior, temporal standard deviation (P=.03), and OCT-disc area (P=.04). Eyes with an OCTdisc area of less than 2 mm2 demonstrated significantly greater standard automated perimetry damage, RNFL loss using OCT and scanning laser polarimetry, and OCT-rim area (P=.002, .0007, .03, and < .0001, respectively) compared with eyes with a disc area of greater than 2.5 mm2. CONCLUSIONS: Eyes with large VCDR have a wide range of RNFL atrophy and standard automated perimetry damage. Small optic discs are associated with more advanced glaucomatous injury.

关键词：视杯偏振测定法视盘 RNFL 周边视野青光眼

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可调节角膜补偿的扫描激光偏振测量法对不典型双折射图像的定量评估

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（眼科学分册） 2005年第8期1卷 20-21页

作者： bagga H. Greenfield D.S. Feuer W.J. 司冰心 Bascom Palmer Eye Institute 7108 Fairway Drive Palm Beach Gardens FL 33418 United States Dr.

PURPOSE: To define the clinical characteristics of atypical birefringence imag es and to describe a quantitative method for their identification. DESIGN: Prosp ective, comparative, clinical observational ***: Normal and glaucomato us eyes underwent complete examination, standard automated perimetry, scanning l aser polarimetry with variable corneal compensation (GDx-VCC), and optical cohe rence tomography (OCT) of the macula, peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (R NFL), and optic disk. Eyes were classified into two groups: normal birefringence pattern (NBP) and atypical birefringence pattern (ABP). Clinical, functional, a nd structural characteristics were assessed separately. A multiple logistic regr ession model was used to predict eyes with ABP on the basis of a quantitative sc an score generated by a support vector machine (SVM) with ***: Sixt y-five eyes of 65 patients were enrolled. ABP images were observed in 5 of 20 ( 25%) normal eyes and 23 of 45 (51%) glaucomatous eyes. Compared with eyes with NBP, glaucomatous eyes with ABP demonstrated significantly lower SVM scores (P< .0001,< 0.0001, 0.008, 0.03, and 0.03, respectively) and greater temporal, mean , inferior, and nasal RNFL thickness using GDx-VCC; and a weaker correlation wi th OCT generated RNFL thickness (R2=.75 vs. 27). ABP images were significantly c orrelated with older age (R2=.16, P=.001). The SVM score was the only significan t (P< .0001) predictor of ABP images and provided high discriminating power betw een eyes with NBP and ABP (area under the receiver operator characteristic curve =0.98). CONCLUSIONS: ABP images exist in a subset of normal and glaucomatous eye s, are associated with older patient age, and produce an artifactual increase in RNFL thickness using GDx-VCC. The SVM score is highly predictive of ABP images .

关键词： RNFL 厚度值眼科检查临床观察特征曲线支持向量机回归模型识别能力

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青光眼视神经病变而自动视野计检查正常的患者身心和结构损害的检测

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（眼科学分册） 2006年第6期2卷 19-20页

作者： bagga H. Feuer W. J. Greenfield D. S. 王大江(译) 不详 BascomPalmer Eye Institute 7108 Fairway Dr Palm Beach Gardens FL 33418 United States

Objective: To compare the prevalence of structural and psychophysical abnormalities in normal eyes and eyes with glaucomatous optic neuropathy (GON) and normal standard automated perimetry (SAP). Methods: Complete examination,SAP,short-wavelength automated perimetry (SWAP),frequency doubling technology (FDT),scanning laser polarimetry (GDx-VCC),and optical coherence tomography (OCT) of the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL),optic disc,and macula were performed. Glaucomatous optic neuropathy was defined as cup-disc asymmetry between fellow eyes of greater than 0.2,rim thinning,notching,excavation,or RNFL defect. All eyes had normal SAP. Abnormal measurements on OCT,GDx-VCC,SWAP,and FDT were defined as those outside 95% normal limits. Eyes were stratified into 3 groups based on the OCT-generated vertical cup-disc ratio: mild,moderate,and advanced cupping (cup-disc ratio of 0.7,respectively). Receiver operating characteristic curves were developed to assess sensitivity and specificity of structural and functional assessments. Results: Forty-seven eyes of 47patients (25 with GON and 22 normal) were enrolled (mean± SD age,58± 16 years; range,25-83 years). Compared with normal eyes,eyes with GON had significantly worse mean deviation and pattern standard deviation by means of SWAP and FDT (P=.02-.05); OCT-derived mean and superior and inferior RNFL thickness (P=.008,< .001,and .05,respectively); mean macular thickness (P=.01),rim volume,rim area,cup-disc ratio,and cup area (all P< .001); and GDx-VCC nerve fiber indicator and inferior average (P=.03). There was a significantly (P=.008,.002,.003,and .01,respectively) greater prevalence of abnormalities identified by SWAP,FDT,OCT and GDx-VCC in eyes with advanced cupping (43% ,43% ,57% ,and 57% ,respectively) compared with mild cupping (0% ) and moderate cupping (9% ,5% ,19% ,and 33% ,respectively). Conclusions: Eyes with GON and normal results of SAP have significantly greater structural and p

关键词：青光眼性视神经病变自动视野检查自动视野计结构损害患者受试者操作特征曲线视网膜神经纤维层视乳头周围检测平均年龄

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IPNA临床实践建议:儿童激素敏感型肾病综合征的诊断和治疗

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中国合理用药探索 2023年第2期20卷 1-35页

作者： Agnes Trautmann Olivia Boyer Elisabeth Hodson Arvind bagga Debbie S.Gipson Susan Samuel Jack Wetzels Khalid Alhas an Sushmita Banerjee Rajendra Bhimma Melvin Bonilla-Felix Francisco Cano Martin Christian Deirdre Hahn Hee Gyung Kang Koichi Nakanishi Hesham Safouh Howard Trachtman Hong Xu Wendy Cook Marina Vivarelli Dieter Hafner on behalf of the International Pediatric Nephrology Association 韩思雨(翻译) 季丽娜(翻译) 不详清华大学附属北京清华长庚医院儿科北京102218

特发性肾病综合征是最常见的儿童肾小球疾病,其特征是大量蛋白尿、低蛋白血症和(或)伴有水肿,全球每年儿童患病率为(1.15~16.90)每10万例。约有85%~90%的患者在接受糖皮质激素治疗的4~6周内可达到蛋白尿完全缓解,表现为激素敏感型肾病... 详细信息

特发性肾病综合征是最常见的儿童肾小球疾病,其特征是大量蛋白尿、低蛋白血症和(或)伴有水肿,全球每年儿童患病率为(1.15~16.90)每10万例。约有85%~90%的患者在接受糖皮质激素治疗的4~6周内可达到蛋白尿完全缓解,表现为激素敏感型肾病综合征(SSNS)。约70%~80%的SSNS患者在随访期间至少复发1次,其中多达50%的患者出现频繁复发或依赖糖皮质激素以维持蛋白尿缓解。为延长复发间隔时间,激素治疗的用药剂量和用药时长始终是热点问题之一,且患者出现激素相关并发症的概率较高。临床已应用多种激素助减药物(免疫抑制药物),但在疾病治疗过程中这些药物的选择和用药时机存在明显差异。因此,需要国际循证临床实践建议(CPRs)来指导临床实践、减少实践差异。国际儿科肾脏病学会(IPNA)召集专家小组通过对12个临床相关PICO(研究对象、干预措施、对照、结果/结局)问题进行系统的文献回顾,制定了关于儿童SSNS诊断和治疗的建议和分级。对治疗转归提出了新的定义,有助于指导治疗改变,并为重要的研究问题提供了参考。

关键词：激素敏感型肾病综合征儿童频复发型肾病综合征激素依赖型肾病综合征激素毒性儿科免疫抑制治疗

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血流研究和血清学实验评价青光眼的诊断:一项先导性研究

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（眼科学分册） 2005年第2期1卷 46-46页

作者： Greenfield D.S. bagga H. 肖颖 Bascom Palmer Eye Institute 71 08 Fairway Drive Palm Beach Gardens FL 33418 United States Dr.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence of hemodynamically signif icant carotid artery stenosis, peripapillary blood flow, and serologic abnormali ties in a pilot study among patients with glaucoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS:All sub jects underwent complete eye examination, standard automated perimetry, carotid Doppler ultrasonography, serum laboratory testing, and scanning laser Doppler fl owmetry (SLDF). Subjects were subdivided into two groups based on glaucoma subty pe (normal-tension vs primary openangle glaucoma) and severity (mild vs moderat e-advanced). RESULTS: Twenty eyes of 20 patients with associated glaucomatous v isual field loss were enrolled. No significant differences in age, gender, intra ocular pressure, systemic comorbidity, number of antiglaucoma medications, and p rior filtration surgery were observed between the groups based on the type and s everity of glaucoma. The prevalence of clinically significant (>70%) carotid st enosis, mean peripapillary blood flow assessed by SLDF, mean erythrocyte sedimen tation rate, mean hematocrit, mean hemoglobin, and positive FTA-ABS was similar in both groups. Severity of glaucomatous damage as determined by visual field m ean defect did not correlate with the degree of carotid artery stenosis (R2< 0.0 001, P = 0.99) or peripapillary blood flow derived from mean SLDF (R2=0.000 5, P =0.92). CONCLUSION: Data from this pilot study demonstrate that the prevalence o f hemodynamically significant carotid stenosis, peripapillary blood flow, and se rologic abnormalities are similar in patients with normal-tension and primary o pen-angle glaucoma, and do not correlate with glaucoma severity.

关键词：血清学实验评价颈动脉狭窄正常眼压视野缺损滤过手术全自动视野计乳头周围用药量实验室检测

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