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Implementation of Parallel Synchronization Method of Generators for Power &Cost Saving in University of Gujrat

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Energy and Power Engineering 2014年第10期6卷 317-332页

作者： Uzma Amin Ghulam Ahmad sumbal zahoor Fariha Durrani Electrical Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering University of South Asia Lahore Pakistan

In the current economic and political scenario of Pakistan where new projects of Electrical generation seems impossible, one should adopt such means so as to minimize the power consumption via load management. In this paper a relatively better Electrical power system is proposed for University of Gujrat (UOG) power system. UOG runs its all generators whether it is full load or merely a load of 20 percent as a standby power. It is suggested that if generators system is synchronized and connected in parallel, it can not only minimize the cost, number of personnel required but also increase the reliability of the system. ETAP software is used for simulation and results show that by adopting this method generation cost can be reduced up to 30 percent which is indeed a huge figure. Losses and cable parameters were calculated using this software and found this proposal quite feasible.

关键词： Synchronization Load Management Reliability Cable Transformer

Toward a comprehensive hypothesis of oxygen-evolution reaction in the presence of iron and gold

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第2期89卷 172-183,I0005页

作者： Negah Hashemi Jafar Hussain Shah Cejun Hu Subhajit Nandy Pavlo Aleshkevych sumbal Farid Keun Hwa Chae Wei Xie Taifeng Liu Junhu Wang Mohammad Mahdi Najafpour Department of Chemistry Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences(IASBS)Zanjan 45137-66731Iran Center for Advanced Mössbauer Spectroscopy Mössbauer Effect Data CenterDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalian 116023LiaoningChina Key Lab of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry(Ministry of Education) Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage CenterCollege of ChemistryNankai UniversityTianjin 300071China Advanced Analysis Center Korea Institute of Science and TechnologySeoul 02792Republic of Korea Institute of Physics Polish Academy of SciencesWarsaw 02-668Poland National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Applied Technology of Hybrid Nanomaterials Henan UniversityKaifeng 475004HenanChina Center of Climate Change and Global Warming Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences(IASBS)Zanjan 45137-66731Iran Research Center for Basic Sciences&Modern Technologies(RBST) Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences(IASBS)Zanjan 45137-66731Iran

This study investigates the effects of Fe on the oxygen-evolution reaction(OER)in the presence of Au.Two distinct areas of OER were identified:the first associated with Fe sites at low overpotential(~330 mV),and the second with Au sites at high overpotential(~870 mV).Various factors such as surface Fe concentration,electrochemical method,scan rate,potential range,concentration,method of adding K_(2)Fe O_(4),nature of Fe,and temperature were varied to observe diverse behaviors during OER for Fe O_(x)H_(y)/Au.Trace amounts of Fe ions had a significant impact on OER,reaching a saturation point where the activity did not increase further.Strong electronic interaction between Fe and Au ions was indicated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)and electron paramagnetic resonance(EPR)analyses.In situ visible spectroscopy confirmed the formation of Fe O_(4)^(2-)during OER.In situ Mossbauer and surfaceenhanced Raman spectroscopy(SERS)analyses suggest the involvement of Fe-based species as intermediates during the rate-determining step of OER.A lattice OER mechanism based on Fe O_(x)H_(y)was proposed for operation at low overpotentials.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations revealed that Fe oxide,Fe-oxide clusters,and Fe doping on the Au foil exhibited different activities and stabilities during OER.The study provides insights into the interplay between Fe and Au in OER,advancing the understanding of OER mechanisms and offering implications for the design of efficient electrocatalytic systems.

关键词： DFT calculation Fe/Au electrocatalysis Mechanism Oxygen evolution Water oxidation

Constructing a hollow core-shell structure of RuO_(2) wrapped by hierarchical porous carbon shell with Ru NPs loading for supercapacitor

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2023年第3期55卷 93-100页

作者： Lianlian Zhao Fufu Di Xiaonan Wang sumbal Farid Suzhen Ren State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals College of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024China

Hollow core-shell structure nanomaterials have been broadly used in energy storage, catalysis, reactor,and other fields due to their unique characteristics, including the synergy between different materials,a large specific surface area, small density, large charge carrying capacity and so on. However, their synthesis processes were mostly complicated, and few researches reported one-step encapsulation of different valence states of precious metals in carbon-based materials. Hence, a novel hollow core-shell nanostructure electrode material, RuO_(2)@Ru/HCs, with a lower mass of ruthenium to reduce costs was constructed by one-step hydrothermal method with hard template and co-assembled strategy, consisting of RuO_(2) core and ruthenium nanoparticles(Ru NPs) in carbon shell. The Ru NPs were uniformly assembled in the carbon layer, which not only improved the electronic conductivity but also provided more active centers to enhance the pseudocapacitance. The RuO_(2) core further enhanced the material’s energy storage capacity. Excellent capacitance storage(318.5 F·g^(-1)at 0.5 A·g^(-1)), rate performance(64.4%) from 0.5 A·g^(-1)to 20 A·g^(-1), and cycling stability(92.3% retention after 5000 cycles) were obtained by adjusting Ru loading to 0.92%(mass). It could be attributed to the wider pore size distribution in the micropores which increased the transfer of electrons and protons. The symmetrical supercapacitor device based on RuO_(2)@Ru/HCs could successfully light up the LED lamp. Therefore, our work verified that interfacial modification of RuO_(2) and carbon could bring attractive insights into energy density for nextgeneration supercapacitors.

关键词： Ruthenium nanoparticles Ruthenium oxide Hollow carbon sphere shell Hierarchical pore structure Silica template Hydrothermal method

Bipolar Interval-Valued Neutrosophic Optimization Model of Integrated Healthcare System

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第12期73卷 6207-6224页

作者： sumbal Khalil Sajida Kousar Nasreen Kausar Muhammad Imran Georgia Irina Oros Department of Mathematics and Statistics International Islamic UniversityIslamabadPakistan Department of Mathematics Faculty of Arts and SciencesYildiz Technical UniversityEsenler34210IstanbulTurkey NUST Business School Islamabad Pakistan Department of Mathematics and Computer Science University of OradeaOradea410087Romania

Bipolar Interval-valued neutrosophic set is another generalization of fuzzy set,neutrosophic set,bipolar fuzzy set and bipolar neutrosophic set and thus when applied to the optimization problem handles uncertain data more efficiently and flexibly.Current work is an effort to design a flexible optimization model in the backdrop of interval-valued bipolar neutrosophic sets.Bipolar interval-valued neutrosophic membership grades are picked so that they indicate the restriction of the plausible infringement of the inequalities given in the problem.To prove the adequacy and effectiveness of the method a unified system of sustainable medical healthcare supply chain model with an uncertain figure of product complaints is used.Time,quality and cost are considered as satisfaction level to choose best supplier for medicine procurement.The proposed model ensures 99%satisfaction for cost reduction,63%satisfaction for the quality of product and 64%satisfaction for total time taken in medicine supply chain.

关键词： Bipolar fuzzy set neutrosophic set interval-valued neutrosophic set bipolar interval-valued neutrosophic set supply chain fuzzy optimization

Outcomes of total pancreatectomy with islet autotransplantation:A systematic review and meta-analysis

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World Journal of Transplantation 2023年第1期13卷 10-24页

作者： Shrouq Khazaaleh sumbal Babar Mohammad Alomari Zaid Imam Pravallika Chadalavada Adalberto Jose Gonzalez Bara El Kurdi Department of Internal Medicine Cleveland Clinic Fairview HospitalClevelandOH 44126United States Department of Internal Medicine-Infectious Diseases Division University of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTX 78249United States Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Cleveland Clinic FloridaWestonFI 33324United States Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology William Beaumont HospitalRoyal OakMI 48073United States Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Cleveland Clinic FloridaWestonFI 33331United States Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTX 78249United States

BACKGROUND Despite the increased use of total pancreatectomy with islet autotransplantation(TPIAT),systematic evidence of its outcomes remains limited.AIM To evaluate the outcomes of TPIAT.METHODS We searched PubMed,EMBASE,and Cochrane databases from inception through March 2019 for studies on TPIAT outcomes.Data were extracted and analyzed using comprehensive meta-analysis software.The random-effects model was used for all variables.Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 measure and Cochrane Q-statistic.Publication bias was assessed using Egger’s test.RESULTS Twenty-one studies published between 1980 and 2017 examining 1011 patients were included.Eighteen studies were of adults,while three studied pediatric populations.Narcotic independence was achieved in 53.5%[95% Confidence Interval(CI):45-62,P<0.05,I2=81%]of adults compared to 51.9%(95%CI:17-85,P<0.05,I2=84%)of children.Insulinindependence post-procedure was achieved in 31.8%(95%CI:26-38,P<0.05,I2=64%)of adults with considerable heterogeneity compared to 47.7%(95%CI:20-77,P<0.05,I2=82%)in children.Glycated hemoglobin(HbA1C)12 mo post-surgery was reported in four studies with a pooled value of 6.76%(P=0.27).Neither stratification by age of the studied population nor metaregression analysis considering both the study publication date and the islet-cell-equivalent/kg weight explained the marked heterogeneity between studies.CONCLUSION These results indicate acceptable success for TPIAT.Future studies should evaluate the discussed measures before and after surgery for comparison.

关键词： Islet autotransplantation Pancreatectomy Pancreatitis Narcotics

Biochemical association between the prevalence of genetic polymorphism and myocardial infarction

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BIOCELL 2023年第3期47卷 473-484页

作者： MOMINA SHAHID KANWAL REHMAN MUHAMMAD SAJID HAMID AKASH SHALEEM SUHAIL sumbal RASHEED MUHAMMAD IMRAN MOHAMMED AASSIRI Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Government College UniversityFaisalabad38000Pakistan Department of Pharmacy The Women UniversityMultan60000Pakistan Research Center for Advanced Materials Science(RCAMS) King Khalid UniversityAbha62413Saudi Arabia Department of Chemistry Faculty of ScienceKing Khalid UniversityAbha62413Saudi Arabia

Genetic polymorphism has a vital role in the pathogenesis and development of myocardial infarction(MI).Single nucleotide polymorphism at any one of the amino acid sequences can result in a diseased state.A single gene can exhibit genetic polymorphism at more than one position giving rise to different variants.Genetic polymorphism of angiotensinogen(AGT)M235T,AGT T174M,and angiotensin-1-converting enzyme(ACE)I/D,endothelial nitric oxide synthase(eNOS),and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase(MTHFR)can be a risk factor for MI.However,it is important to study the prevalence of genetic polymorphisms of these genes among different populations.MI is influenced by genetic polymorphism of various genes,including AGT,ACE,eNOS,MTHFR,etc.However,the association of genetic polymorphism of these genes varies among different populations,but different ethnic groups could show contradictory results.These genes have shown a positive association with risks of MI in some populations,whereas the results have not been consistent with every ethnic group.In this article,we have summarized the genetic variations in the aforementioned genes and their association with MI.

关键词： Endothelial nitric oxide synthase Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase AGT M235T AGT T174M

Optimality of Solution with Numerical Investigation for Coronavirus Epidemic Model

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第5期67卷 1713-1728页

作者： Naveed Shahid Dumitru Baleanu Nauman Ahmed Tahira sumbal Shaikh Ali Raza Muhammad Sajid Iqbal Muhammad Rafiq Muhammad Aziz-ur Rehman Department of Mathematics and Statistics The University of LahoreLahorePakistan Department of Mathematics University of Management and TechnologyLahorePakistan Department of Mathematics Cankaya UniversityBalgatAnkara06530Turkey Department of Medical Research China Medical University HospitalChina Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwanChina Institute of Space Sciences Magurele-BucharestRomania Department of Mathematics Lahore College for Women UniversityLahorePakistan Department of Mathematics National College of Business Administration and Economics LahorePakistan Department of Mathematics Faculty of SciencesUniversity of Central PunjabLahorePakistan

The novel coronavirus disease,coined as COVID-19,is a murderous and infectious disease initiated from Wuhan,China.This killer disease has taken a large number of lives around the world and its dynamics could not be controlled so far.In this article,the spatio-temporal compartmental epidemic model of the novel disease with advection and diffusion process is projected and analyzed.To counteract these types of diseases or restrict their spread,mankind depends upon mathematical modeling and medicine to reduce,alleviate,and anticipate the behavior of disease dynamics.The existence and uniqueness of the solution for the proposed system are investigated.Also,the solution to the considered system is made possible in a well-known functions space.For this purpose,a Banach space of function is chosen and the solutions are optimized in the closed and convex subset of the space.The essential explicit estimates for the solutions are investigated for the associated auxiliary data.The numerical solution and its analysis are the crux of this study.Moreover,the consistency,stability,and positivity are the indispensable and core properties of the compartmental models that a numerical design must possess.To this end,a nonstandard finite difference numerical scheme is developed to find the numerical solutions which preserve the structural properties of the continuous system.The M-matrix theory is applied to prove the positivity of the design.The results for the consistency and stability of the design are also presented in this study.The plausibility of the projected scheme is indicated by an appropriate example.Computer simulations are also exhibited to conclude the results.

关键词： Spatio-temporal advection diffusion explicit estimates auxiliary data M-matrix

A New Era of Chinese-Inspired Prosperity

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国际人才交流 2023年第2期 72-72页

作者： [Pakistan]Malik Ayub sumbal 不详

From the 16^(th)to the 22^(nd)of October,2022,the world turned its attention to—Xi Jinping,President of the People’s Republic of China,as he addressed the 20^(th)CPC National Congress in Beijing.Undoubtedly the most important in the coming years,one of the most potent leaders globally,what Xi Jinping says carried weight across continents,impacting global trade,military,health,and political matters.A New Chapter Unfolds in the People’s Republic of China On the historic occasion when China witnessed the convening of the 20^(th)CPC National Congress.

关键词： globally Republic historic

中国大学生和巴基斯坦在华留学生身体形态、机能及部分素质指标的比较研究

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中国大学生和巴基斯坦在华留学生身体形态、机能及部分素质指标的...

作者：安雅欣（sumbal kaynat）首都体育学院

学位级别：硕士

研究目的:本研究致力于对比分析北京市内中国大学生和巴基斯坦大学留学生之间的差异。发现目前体质健康方面存在的问题,探索中巴两国大学生的健康状况并分析可能的原因,探讨分析加强体质健康的体育锻炼方法,从而促进巴基斯坦和中国学生... 详细信息

研究目的:本研究致力于对比分析北京市内中国大学生和巴基斯坦大学留学生之间的差异。发现目前体质健康方面存在的问题,探索中巴两国大学生的健康状况并分析可能的原因,探讨分析加强体质健康的体育锻炼方法,从而促进巴基斯坦和中国学生的体质健康状况。随着经济的迅猛发展和物质生活的丰富,人们的健康受到了全世界的广泛关注。身体体质是判断身体健康的重要标准之一。人类和公民的健康状况将会直接影响到人类自身,甚至于国家和整个民族。随着一个世纪以来的在各个领域发展,各个民族的研究都呈现出各种不同的特点和发展趋势,不管是在体质的概念、体质的判断,还是在文本的指标、运动员的转型和全民健身计划的实施方面。学生作为被高度重视的研究对象,因而每个国家都对其十分重视,相关的研究也比较系统。但是,由于测试仪器、设备、方法在不断完善并变化着,因此,在测试的真实性和分数方面存在的一些争议和问题亟待解决。分析一些指标下降原因所采用的途径和方法,与研究提高身体素质是一样的。每个国家在学生体质健康发展上都呈现出一种相同的趋势。为了深入了解不同国家人体结构和人体功能指数,本研究选择巴基斯坦男大学生这一特定的人群,采集了大量信息,来判断他们的身体形态和功能,进而比较和分析中国和巴基斯坦男大学生的体质健康指标差异。研究方法:本课题拟采用文献资料法、专家访谈法、实验法,数据统计法和比较分析等方法。运用Excel和SPSS17.0软件系统对所测数据进行统计。采用Excel和SPSS 17.0软件对数据进行统计分析和处理。研究结果:1.中巴两国大学生只在身高方面有明显的区别,即中国大学生平均身高高于巴基斯坦学生,且差异有统计学意义(p<0.05)。年龄、体重、BMI方面,两国大学学生均没有明显差异。巴基斯坦留学生与中国学生的胸围、腰围和臀围稍有区别但无显著性差异。但巴基斯坦在华留学生比中国学生的腰臀比大,且差异有统计学意义(p<0.05)。前臂和上臂测试结果说明,中国大学生均长于巴基斯坦在华留学生,但无显著性差异。但是在手长方面,巴基斯坦在华留学生则长于中国大学生。2.中国大学生的大腿和小腿的长度均大于巴基斯坦在华留学生,且差异显著,有统计学意义(p<0.05)。3.心率方面,巴基斯坦在华留学生明显高于中国大学生,差异十分显著(p<0.01)。收缩压方面,巴基斯坦在华留学生和中国大学生也有明显差别,显著低于中国大学生(p<0.05)。舒张压方面,两国学生则没有显著性差异。4.巴基斯坦在华留学生在左手和右手握力测试中,其表现均高于中国大学生,且差异显著(p<0.05)。5.巴基斯坦在华留学生比中国大学生的脂肪百分比高,且显著有性差性,有统计学意义(p<0.05)。而肌肉力量方面则无显著性差异。研究结论:1.身体形态方面巴基斯坦在华留学生身体形态较中国大学生更健壮。其身高明显低于中国大学生,腰臀比则明显高于中国大学生。体重、bmi、胸围、腰围、臀围、前臂、上臂、手长方面均无明显差异。2.身体机能方面巴基斯坦在华留学生比中国大学生的心率高,差异非常显著。收缩压则明显低于中国大学生。舒张压则无明显差异。3.身体素质方面握力方面,中国大学生左手和右手要比巴基斯坦在华留学生的大,差异很明显。研究结论:1.本研究的样本数量较少,可在今后的研究中多增加样本量,从而增加数据的可靠性。2.本研究只研究了男性的指标,未涉及女性,在今后的研究中可对女性进行调查研究。3.受限于客观条件的限制,在测试指标方面未能全部包含,所得出的结论还需进一步验证。4.本研究认为巴基斯坦在华留学生缺少有组织有纪律的体育锻炼,故希望相关部门加强这方面的管理,为促进中巴交流,丰富课外体育活动,逐步改善大学生体质健康状况做出贡献。

关键词：大学生巴基斯坦留学生体质健康比较研究