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Females Had a Worse T-Score at Lumbar Region and Males Had a Worse T-Score at Femoral Region among Chronic Kidney Disease

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Open Journal of Nephrology 2022年第1期12卷 60-74页

作者： Hilal al Kalbani Issa al Salmi Fatma al Rahbi sumaiya al siyabi Suad Hannawi Rheumatology Department The Royal Hospital Muscat Oman The Renal Medicine Department The Royal Hospital Muscat Oman Department of Nuclear Medicine The Royal Hospital Muscat Oman Department of Medicine Ministry of Health and Prevention Dubai UAE

Background: To evaluate bone-mineral-density-BMD determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry-DEXA and bone turnover markers in chronic-kidney-disease-CKD patients. Method: An observational-clinical study of all patients who were scanned by DEXA-scan in 2018. all patients with low-bone-density or osteoporosis-based on World-Health-Organization-WHO definition were included. Results: 505 patients with abnormal-BMD, 87.3% were in early-stage CKD-stage I - II, 8.5% were in CKD-stage III - V and 4.2% did not have renal tests. 95 (18.8%) were male with a mean age of 57.0 years and 410 (81.2%) were females with a mean age of 55.8 years. Patients of ≥65 years had lower T-score than those who were younger than 65 years-old. Among CKD patients, those with late-CKD (stage III - V) had less BMD-measurements and lower T-score than those with early-CKD (stage I - II). A significant positive correlation exists between parathyroid hormone-PTH-level and the lower T-score. Female had a worse T-score at the lumbar-region whereas male had a worse T-score at the femoral-region. There was no significant difference between males and females for the T-score at hip-region. Conclusion: We observed a distribution of abnormal BMD among different age, sex and CKD groups. Measurements of BMD by DEXA might be a useful test to diagnose osteoporosis in CKD patients. Femoral and total hip areas were more affected, however DEXA might not be able to detect osteoporosis in the lumbar area of CKD patients. T-scores are lower in patients with more severe CKD and lower in elderly patients. PTH level is associated proportionally to the degree of bone loss. Early intervention and proper management must be implemented early among CKD patients with multidisciplinary team approach strategy. More studies are needed to determine if DEXA techniques are enough to distinguish the quantity of bone loss between different stages of CKD.

关键词： Bone-Mineral-Density-BMD Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry-DEXA Chronic-Kidney-Disease-CKD T-Score Lumbar Region Femoral Region Gender

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2021年第2期11卷 135-151页

作者： Fatma al Fahdi Padmamohan J. Kurup Lamya al Balushi Mohammed Amin Balqees al siyabi Mariam al Kalbani Haleema al Ghazaili Salwa al Mashari Hanan al Kindi Disease Surveillance and Control Directorate General of Health Services Muscat Governorate Ministry of Health Muscat Oman Directorate General of Disease Surveillance & Control Ministry of Health Muscat Oman Primary Health Care Directorate General of Health Services Muscat Governorate Ministry of Health Muscat Oman

Introduction: The coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic emerged in December 2019 and spread worldwide. Since workplaces are high-risk location for occupational exposure, understanding of the dynamics of COVID-19 clusters... 详细信息

align="justify"> Introduction: The coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic emerged in December 2019 and spread worldwide. Since workplaces are high-risk location for occupational exposure, understanding of the dynamics of COVID-19 clusters in occupational settings helps reduce the transmission of infectious disease in workplaces. This study presents an overview of the epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 workplace clusters, preventive strategies adopted and outbreak responses undertaken in Muscat governorate. Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive study on the epidemiological characteristics of cases and distribution of workplace-related clusters of COVID-19 in Muscat Governorate in Oman. Results: A total of 36,798 COVID-19 cases were confirmed in Muscat from 24th February to 31st July 2020 in which 40.5% was belonging to clusters. Out of them 61% were Workplace-Dormitory clusters, predominantly expatriates. 78.6% of employees were symptomatic at time of examination. Fever and cough were the two most common symptoms reported in workplace related clusters. The number of affected employees ranged from 2 to 358 per cluster. Construction, retail, food, beverages, services, industrial manufacturing, oil & gas and transportation were identified as most at risk settings. Within the cases in workplace-related clusters, there was significant higher prevalence of diabetes, hypertension and obesity among females compared to males as also Omani nationals compared to expatriates and smoking among expatriate males compared to Omani males. In conclusion, understanding the epidemiological characteristics of the affected cases in organization setting will assist the policymakers to understand patterns of epidemiological spread and plan for robust interventions. <

关键词： COVID-19 Epidemiology Clusters Occupational Workplace Dormitories

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Epidemiological Characteristics of COVID-19 Confirmed Cases in Muscat Governorate, Sultanate of Oman

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2021年第1期11卷 56-69页

作者： Lamya al Balushi Fatma al Fahdi Thamra al Ghafri Mohammed Amin Jeffrey Singh Balqees al siyabi Mariam al Kalbani Maya al Kindi Fatma al Balushi Haleema al Ghazaili Malak al alwai Salwa al Mashari Hanan al Kindi Ahlam al Rumhi Ibtisam al Shidhani Zainb al Balushi Padmamohan J. Kurup Fatma al Ajmi Disease Surveillance and Control Directorate General for Health Services Muscat Governorate Ministry of Health Muscat Oman Directorate General for Health Services Muscat Governorate Ministry of Health Muscat Oman Primary Health Care Directorate General for Health Services Muscat Governorate Ministry of Health Muscat Oman Directorate General of Khoula Hospital Muscat Oman Directorate General for Disease Surveillance and Control Ministry of Health Muscat Oman

Introduction: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared as pandemic by WHO by March 11th. First case reported in Oman was on 24th February 2020 and later the country went through stages of epidemic progression. This study describes the sociodemographic and epidemiological characteristics of confirmed COVID-19 cases in Muscat governorate and related outcomes. Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive, exploratory analysis of all lab confirmed COVID 19 cases that were reported from 1st February to 31st May 2020. Data for the study was primarily extracted from notifications system established for surveillance (Tarassud). Secondary data sources were, contact listings and hospital medical records. Results: 11,648 initial cases of confirmed COVID-19 infections were included. The mean age was 35 years, 84.7% (N = 9862) were males, 25.9% (N = 3017) were Omanis, and 74.1% (N = 8631) were expatriates of which Indian origin were the majority (37%). Fever and cough were the most common presentations (46.3% and 29.5% respectively). Diabetes and hypertension were the most common comorbidities (4.9% and 4.6% respectively). Hospital admission was required for 7% (N = 811) of the total reported cases, out of them 171 cases (21%) were admitted to ICU, where 107 (13.2%) were ventilated. The case fatality rate (CFR) was 0.9%. 158 clusters containing 2949 contacts were identified from case records and categorised into 3 groups based on their exposure settings. The incubation period measured was 8 days (IQR 4.0 - 15.0) for workplace, 8 days (IQR 4 - 17) for dormitory and 4 days (IQR 2.0 - 7.0) for family groups. The secondary attack rate (SAR) estimated was 41.6% (95% CI: 0.34 - 0.48), 52% (95% CI: 0.40 - 0.63) and 33% (95% CI: 0.27 - 0.38) for workplace, dormitory and family groups, respectively. Conclusion: Results of this study, determine the transmission trend of COVID-19 in a country with high immigran

关键词： COVID-19 Epidemiological Characteristics Infectious Disease Cluster

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阿曼北部致密气开发——目前正筹建具有100万m3／d生产能力的早期生产系统，通过评估每口井最终采收率来降低风险，采取“规模适中”的区块式方式进行开发

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世界石油工业 2014年第2期21卷 68-72页

作者： Edwin Lamers Hisham al siyabi Andreas Briner David Elliott Markus Weissenb(a)ck Fahad al-Kindy 阿曼石油开发公司

阿曼石油开发公司（PDO）经营生产的主要天然气田位于东北部第六区块（Ghaba）盐盆地）。

关键词：石油开发生产系统最终采收率生产能力阿曼区块早期风险

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Prehypertension: Underlying pathology and therapeutic options

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World Journal of Cardiology 2014年第8期6卷 728-743页

作者： Sulayma albarwani Sultan al-siyabi Musbah O Tanira Department of Physiology College of Medicine and Health SciencesSultan Qaboos UniversityMuscat 123Oman Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy College of Medicine and Health SciencesSultan Qaboos UniversityMuscat 123Oman

Prehypertension(PHTN) is a global major health risk that subjects individuals to double the risk of cardiovascular disease(CVD) independent of progression to overt hypertension. Its prevalence rate varies considerably from country to country ranging between 21.9% and 52%. Many hypotheses are proposed to explain the underlying pathophysiology of PHTN. The most notable of these implicate the renin-angiotensin system(RAS) and vascular endothelium. However, other processes that involve reactive oxygen species, the inflammatory cytokines, prostglandins and C-reactive protein as well as the autonomic and central nervous systems are also suggested. Drugs affecting RAS have been shown to produce beneficial effects in prehypertensives though such was not unequivocal. On the other hand, drugs such as β-adrenoceptor blocking agents were not shown to be useful. Leading clinical guidelines suggest using dietary and lifestyle modifications as a first line interventional strategy to curb the progress of PHTN; however, other clinically respected views call for using drugs. This review provides an overview of the poten-tial pathophysiological processes associated with PHTN, abridges current intervention strategies and suggests investigating the value of using the "Polypill" in prehypertensive subjects to ascertain its potential in delaying(or preventing) CVD associated with raised blood pressure in the presence of other risk factors.

关键词： Prehypertension Renin-angiotensin system Therapeutic lifestyle changes Polypill

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