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High-Secured Image LSB Steganography Using AVL-Tree with Random RGB Channel Substitution

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第10期81卷 183-211页

作者： Murad Njoum Rossilawati sulaiman Zarina Shukur Faizan Qamar Center of Cyber Security Faculty of Information Science and TechnologyUniversiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaBangiSelangor43600Malaysia Computer Science and Cyber Security Faculty of Engineering and Information TechnologyBirZeit UniversityBirZeitRamallahP.O.Box 14Palestine

Random pixel selection is one of the image steganography methods that has achieved significant success in enhancing the robustness of hidden *** property makes it difficult for steganalysts’powerful data extraction tools to detect the hidden data and ensures high-quality stego image ***,using a seed key to generate non-repeated sequential numbers takes a long time because it requires specific mathematical *** addition,these numbers may cluster in certain *** hidden data in these clustered pixels will reduce the image quality,which steganalysis tools can ***,this paper proposes a data structure that safeguards the steganographic model data and maintains the quality of the stego *** paper employs the AdelsonVelsky and Landis(AVL)tree data structure algorithm to implement the randomization pixel selection technique for data *** AVL tree algorithm provides several advantages for image ***,it ensures balanced tree structures,which leads to efficient data retrieval and insertion ***,the self-balancing nature of AVL trees minimizes clustering by maintaining an even distribution of pixels,thereby preserving the stego image *** data structure employs the pixel indicator technique for Red,Green,and Blue(RGB)channel *** green channel serves as the foundation for building a balanced binary ***,the sender identifies the colored cover image and secret *** sender will use the two least significant bits(2-LSB)of RGB channels to conceal the data’s size and associated *** next step is to create a balanced binary tree based on the green *** the channel pixel indicator on the LSB of the green channel,we can conceal bits in the 2-LSB of the red or blue *** first four levels of the data structure tree will mask the data size,while subsequent levels will conceal the remaining digits of secret *** embedding the bits i

关键词： Image steganography pixel random selection(PRS) AVL tree peak signal-to-noise ratio(PSNR) imperceptibility capacity

Randomization Strategies in Image Steganography Techniques:A Review

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第8期80卷 3139-3171页

作者： AFM Zainul Abadin Rossilawati sulaiman Mohammad Kamrul Hasan Center for Cyber Security Faculty of Information Science and TechnologyUniversiti Kebangsaan Malaysia(UKM)BangiSelangor43600Malaysia Department of Information and Communication Engineering Pabna University of Science and TechnologyPabna6600Bangladesh

Image steganography is one of the prominent technologies in data hiding *** system performance mostly depends on the embedding *** goal is to embed strictly confidential information into images without causing perceptible changes in the original *** randomization strategies in data embedding techniques may utilize random domains,pixels,or region-of-interest for concealing secrets into a cover image,preventing information from being discovered by an *** implementation of an appropriate embedding technique can achieve a fair balance between embedding capability and stego image imperceptibility,but it is challenging.A systematic approach is used with a standard methodology to carry out this *** review concentrates on the critical examination of several embedding strategies,incorporating experimental results with state-of-the-art methods emphasizing the robustness,security,payload capacity,and visual quality metrics of the stego *** fundamental ideas of steganography are presented in this work,along with a unique viewpoint that sets it apart from previous works by highlighting research gaps,important problems,and ***,it offers a discussion of suggested directions for future study to advance and investigate uncharted territory in image steganography.

关键词： Information hiding image steganography randomized embedding techniques payload capacity imperceptibility

Barium Titanate-reinforced Acrylonitrile-Butadiene Rubber: Synergy Effect of Carbon-based Secondary Filler

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2021年第6期39卷 725-735,I0007页

作者： Wannarat Chueangchayaphan Piyawadee Luangchuang Narong Chueangchayaphan Muhammad Azwadi sulaiman Yeampon Nakaramontri Faculty of Science and Industrial Technology Prince ofSongkla UniversitySurat Thani Campus84000 Surat ThaniThailand Advanced Materials Research Cluster Faculty Bioengineering and TechnologyUniversiti Malaysia Kelantan17600JeliKelantanMalaysia Sustainable Polymer&Innovative Composite Materials Research Group Department of ChemistryFaculty of ScienceKing Mongkuts University of Technology Thonburi10140 BangkokThailand

Acrylonitrile rubber(NBR)composites filled with barium titanate(BT)were prepared using an internal mixer and a two-roll ***,a secondary filler,namely carbon nanotubes(CNT),was added in order to find a potential synergistic blend ratio of BT and *** cure characteristics,tensile and dielectric properties(dielectric constant and dielectric loss)of the composites were *** was found that NBR/BT composites with CNT secondary filler,at a proper BT:CNT ratio,exhibited shorter scorch time(ts1)and cure time(tc90)together with superior tensile properties and reinforcement efficiency,relative to the one with only the primary *** addition,the NBR/BT-CNT composite with 80 phr BT and 1–2 phr CNT had dielectric constant of 100–500,dielectric loss of 12–100 and electrical conductivity below 10−4 S/m together with high thermal ***,with a proper BT:CNT mix and filler loading,we can produce mechanically superior rubber composites that are easy to process and low-cost,for flexible dielectric materials application.

关键词： composites composite filler

Recent Advances in Interface Engineering for Electrocatalytic CO_(2) Reduction Reaction

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Nano-Micro Letters 2021年第12期13卷 499-533页

作者： Junjun Li sulaiman Umar Abbas Haiqing Wang Zhicheng Zhang Wenping Hu Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences Department of ChemistrySchool of ScienceTianjin University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and EngineeringTianjin 300072People’s Republic of China Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research(iAIR) University of JinanJinan 250022People’s Republic of China

Electrocatalytic CO_(2) reduction reaction(CO_(2) RR) can store and transform the intermittent renewable energy in the form of chemical energy for industrial production of chemicals and fuels,which can dramatically reduce CO_(2) emission and contribute to carbon-neutral cycle. E cient electrocatalytic reduction of chemically inert CO_(2) is challenging from thermodynamic and kinetic points of view. Therefore,low-cost,highly e cient,and readily available electrocatalysts have been the focus for promoting the conversion of CO_(2). Very recently,interface engineering has been considered as a highly e ective strategy to modulate the electrocatalytic performance through electronic and/or structural modulation,regulations of electron/proton/mass/intermediates,and the control of local reactant concentration,thereby achieving desirable reaction pathway,inhibiting competing hydrogen generation,breaking binding-energy scaling relations of intermediates,and promoting CO_(2) mass transfer. In this review,we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of current developments in interface engineering for CO_(2) RR from both a theoretical and experimental stand-point,involving interfaces between metal and metal,metal and metal oxide,metal and nonmetal,metal oxide and metal oxide,organic molecules and inorganic materials,electrode and electrolyte,molecular catalysts and electrode,etc. Finally,the opportunities and challenges of interface engineering for CO_(2) RR are proposed.

关键词： Interface engineering CO_(2)reduction reaction Electrocatalysis Heterostructure

Comparative Study on Growth Performance of Transgenic(Over-Expressed OsNHX1) and Wild-Type Nipponbare under Different Salinity Regimes

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Rice science 2015年第6期22卷 275-282页

作者： Nurul Kahrani ISHAK Zohrah sulaiman Kushan U.TENNAKOON Environmental and Life Sciences Faculty of ScienceUniversity Brunei Darussalam Institut Teknologi Brunei

Transgenic Nipponbare which over-expressed a Na＋/H~ antiporter gene OsNHX1 was used to compare its growth performance, water status and photosynthetic efficiency with its wild type under varying salinity regimes. Chlorophyll content, quantum yield and photosynthetic rate were measured to assess the impact of salinity stress on photosynthetic efficiency for transgenic and wild-type Nipponbare. Effects of salinity on water status and gas exchange to both lines were studied by measuring water use efficiency, instantaneous transpiration rate and stomatal conductance. Dry shoot weight and leaf area were determined after three months of growth to assess the impacts of salinity on the growth of those two lines. Our study showed that both lines were affected by salinity stress, however, the transgenic line showed higher photosynthetic efficiency, better utilization of water, and better growth due to low transpiration rate and stomatal conductance. Reduction of photosynthetic efficiency exhibited by the wild-type Nipponbare was correlated to its poor growth under salinity stress.

关键词： growth performance salinity stress Na+/H+ antiporter gene OsNHX1 transgenic rice photosynthetic efficiency water status

Multi-solutions with specific geometrical wave structures to a nonlinear evolution equation in the presence of the linear superposition principle

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2023年第1期75卷 5-14页

作者： Hajar F Ismael Tukur Abdulkadir sulaiman M S Osman Department of Mathematics Faculty of ScienceUniversity of ZakhoZakhoIraq Department of Computer Engineering Biruni UniversityIstanbulTurkey Department of Mathematics Faculty of ScienceCairo UniversityGiza 12613Egypt

Lump solutions are one of the most common solutions for nonlinear evolution *** study aspires to investigate the generalized Hietarintatype *** auspiciously provide multiple M-lump *** the other hand,collision phenomena to multiple M-lump waves with soliton wave solutions are also *** the collision,the amplitude of the lump will change significantly over the processes,whereas the amplitude of the soliton will just minimally *** it is of paramount importance,we use suitable values of parameter to put out the physical features of the reported results through three dimensional and contour *** results presented express physical features of lump and lump interaction phenomena of different kinds of nonlinear physical ***,this study serves to enrich nonlinear dynamics and provide insight into how nonlinear waves propagate.

关键词： the generalized Hietarintatype equation M-lump waves interaction phenomena hirota bilinear method

Pashto Characters Recognition Using Multi-Class Enabled Support Vector Machine

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第6期67卷 2831-2844页

作者： sulaiman Khan Shah Nazir Habib Ullah Khan Anwar Hussain Department of Computer Science University of SwabiSwabiPakistan Department of Accounting and Information Systems College of Business and EconomicsQatar UniversityDohaQatar

During the last two decades signicant work has been reported in the eld of cursive language’s recognition especially,in the Arabic,the Urdu and the Persian *** unavailability of such work in the Pashto language is because of:the absence of a standard database and of signicant research work that ultimately acts as a big barrier for the research *** slight change in the Pashto characters’shape is an additional challenge for *** paper presents an efcient OCR system for the handwritten Pashto characters based on multi-class enabled support vector machine using manifold feature extraction *** feature extraction techniques include,tools such as zoning feature extractor,discrete cosine transform,discrete wavelet transform,and Gabor lters and histogram of oriented gradients.A hybrid feature map is developed by combining the manifold feature *** research work is performed by developing a medium-sized dataset of handwritten Pashto characters that encapsulate 200 handwritten samples for each 44 characters in the Pashto *** results are generated for the proposed model based on a manifold and hybrid feature *** overall accuracy rates of 63.30%,65.13%,68.55%,68.28%,67.02%and 83%are generated based on a zoning technique,HoGs,Gabor lter,DCT,DWT and hybrid feature maps *** of the proposed model is also tested by comparing its results with a convolution neural network *** convolution neural network-based model generated an accuracy rate of 81.02%smaller than the multi-class support vector *** highest accuracy rate of 83%for the multi-class SVM model based on a hybrid feature map reects the applicability of the proposed model.

关键词： Pashto multi-class support vector machine handwritten characters database zoning and histogram of oriented gradients

COVID-19 and Learning Styles: GCET as Case Study

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第7期68卷 103-115页

作者： Mazhar Hussain Malik Sid Ahmed Amjed sulaiman Al Hasani Department of Computing and Information Technology Global College of Engineering and TechnologyMuscatSultanate of Oman Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Global College of Engineering and TechnologyMuscatSultanate of Oman

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused higher educational institutions around the world to close campus-based activities and move to online *** aim of this paper is to present the case of Global College of Engineering and Technology(GCET)and how its practices including teaching,students/staff support,assessments,and exam policies were *** paper investigates the mediating role of no detriment policy impact on students’result along with the challenges faced by the higher educational institution,recommendations and *** investigation concludes that the strategies adopted for online delivery,student support,assessments and exam policies have helped students to effectively cope with the teaching and learning challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic without affecting their academic *** study shows that 99%of students were able to maintain the same or better level of performance during the 1st COVID-19 *** percent of students had shown a slight decrease in their performance(about 1%–2%)with respect to their overall marks *** no detriment policy has succoured those 1%of the students to maintain their overall performance to what it used to be pre-COVID-19 ***,the paper provides the list of challenges and suggestions for smooth conduction of online education.

关键词： Higher education learning styles COVID-19 challenges and strategies no detriment policy engineering and technology modules

Jordan Γ*-Derivation on Semiprime Γ-Ring M with Involution

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Advances in Linear Algebra & Matrix Theory 2016年第2期6卷 40-50页

作者： ali Kareem Hajar sulaiman Abdul-Rahman Hameed Majeed School of Mathematical Sciences Universiti Sains Malaysia Penang Malaysia Department of Mathematics University of Baghdad Baghdad Iraq

Let M be a 2-torsion free semiprime G-ring with involution satisfying the condition that ( and ). In this paper, we will prove that if a non-zero Jordan G*-derivation d on M satisfies for all and , then .

关键词： Γ-Ring M with Involution Jordan Γ*-Derivation Commutative Γ-Ring