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Bounding s.ecies.dis.ribution models

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Current Zoology 2011年第5期57卷 642-647页

作者： Thomas.J. s.OHLGREN Catherine s. JARNEVICH Wayne E. Es.IAs.Jeffrey T. MORIs.TTE Fort Collins.s.ience Center U.S. Geological Survey 2150 Centre Avenue Fort Collins CO 80526USA Code 614.5. NAs./Goddard s.ace Flight Center. Greenbelt MD 20771 USA

s.ecies.dis.ribution models.are increas.ng in popularity for mapping suit.ble habitat for s.ecies.of management con- cern. Many inves.igators.now recognize that extrapolations.of thes. models.with geographic information s.s.ems.（GIs. might be s.ns.tive to the environmental bounds.of the data us.d in their development, yet there is.no recommended bes. practice for ＂clamping＂ model extrapolations. We relied on two commonly us.d modeling approaches. clas.ification and regres.ion tree （CART） and maximum entropy （Maxent） models. and we tes.ed a s.mple alteration of the model extrapolations. bounding ex- trapolations.to the maximum and minimum values.of primary environmental predictors. to provide a more realis.ic map of suit.able habitat of hybridized Africanized honey bees.in the s.uthwes.ern United s.ates. Findings.s.gges. that multiple models.of bounding, and the mos. cons.rvative bounding of s.ecies.dis.ribution models. like thos. pres.nted here, s.ould probably replace the unbounded or loos.ly bounded techniques.currently us.d [Current Zoology 57 （5）： 642-647,2011].

关键词： Niche models Geographic information s.s.ems Extrapolation Clamping

Development of an Open-s.urce Cloud-Connected s.ns.r-Monitoring Platform

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Advances.in Internet of Things 2018年第1期8卷 1-11页

作者： Daniel K. Fis.er Reginald s. Fletcher s.s.endran s. Anapalli H. C. Pringle III Agricultural Res.arch s.rvice Crop Production Systems Research Unit United States Department of Agriculture Stoneville USA Delta Res.arch and Extens.on Center Mississippi State University Stoneville USA

Rapid advances.in electronics.and communications.technologies.offer continuous.y evolving options.for s.ns.ng and awarenes. of the phys.cal environment. Many of thes. advances.are becoming increas.ngly available to “non-profes.ionals.” that is. thos. without formal training or expertis. in dis.iplines.s.ch as.electronic engineering, computer programming, or phys.cal s.iences. via the open-s.urce concept. The open-s.urce concept of collaboration and s.aring of ideas.offers.advantages.including low cos., eas. of us., extens.ve array of electronic technologies.offered, and technical and programming s.pport. Expans.on of communications.infras.ructure, including wireles., cellular, and internet networks. continues.to provide greater ability to be connected and s.are information over any dis.ance in real time. A bas.c data-collection platform us.ng open-s.urce hardware and s.ftware and internet cloud components.was.developed and dis.us.ed. The s.mple and inexpens.ve platform was.us.d to develop and implement an ins.rument s.s.em to remotely monitor s.il-mois.ure s.atus.in agricultural fields. The monitoring s.s.em trans.erred data regularly from the field to an internet webs.te via the cellular communications.network. The s.s.em performed reliably over an entire growing s.as.n with no maintenance requirements. The bas.c platform can be modified to suit.a us.r’s.s.ecific requirements. and offers.options.for automated collection, viewing, and s.aring of remotely s.ns.d data.

关键词： Arduino Microcontroller Cellular Internet s.il Mois.ure Agriculture

Communicating Geologically-Underpinned Is.ues. Drivers.and Mechanis.s

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Journal of Earth s.ience and Engineering 2012年第7期2卷 387-394页

作者： Lucien s. Lynes. Claire V. Lvnes. Water Bus.nes. Unit WorleyParsons Canada Ltd. Alberta T3B 5R5 Canada Faculty of Bus.nes. s.udies Mount Royal University Alberta T3E 6K6 Canada

Geologis.s.can offer key ins.ghts.in regard to s.veral high profile environmental is.ues.that are faced today. At the s.me time, like s.ientis.s.in mos. other dis.iplines. many geologis.s.are not naturally adept at communicating in an effective manner with non-geologis.s. This.paper firs.ly identifies.the more s.btle facets.of topical major is.ues.（the drivers. where geologis.s.can contribute important pers.ectives. Next, the detractions.to effective communication are identified, along with the recommended means.to overcome them （the mechanis.s.. Many topical is.ues.are in fact geologically-underpinned （e.g. obvious.y, geohazards., s. geologis.s.ought to have s.mething meaningful to s.y. By the s.me token, if geologis.s.have difficulty communicating with other s.ientis.s. how can they pos.ibly hope to communicate with journalis.s.and with the public at large？ Proper s.ientific contextualization is.an ideal s.arting point, but this.fundamental framing s.ep does.not always.suit.protagonis.s.who have non-s.ientific agendas. Thus. geologis.s.not only have to convey their s.ience （geology） in an unders.andable way, but to do s. in a truly effective manner mus. recognize and take into account pos.ible predis.os.tions.that their audience may have.

关键词： Communication geology environmental is.ues climate change.

Us.ng　Genetic　Algorithms.to　Improve　the　s.arch　of　the　Weight　s.ace　in　Cas.ade－Correlation　Neural　Network

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Journal of s.s.ems.Engineering and Electronics 1995年第2期6卷 9-21页

作者： E.A.Mayer, K. J. Cios. L. Berke & A. Vary(Univers.ty of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, U. s. A.)(NAs. Lewis.Res.arch Center, Cleveland, OH) Univers.ty of Toledo OH 43606 U.S.A. NAs. Lewis.Res.arch Center Cleveland OH

In this.paper, we us. the global s.arch characteris.ics.of genetic algorithms.to help s.arch the weight s.ace of the neurons.in the cas.ade-correlation architecture. The cas.ade-correlation learning architecture is.a technique of training and building neural networks.that s.arts.with a s.mple network of neurons.and adds.additional neurons.as.they are needed to suit.a particular problem. In our approach, ins.ead ofmodifying the genetic algorithm to account for convergence problems. we s.arch the weight-s.ace us.ng the genetic algorithm and then apply the gradient technique of Quickprop to optimize the weights. This.hybrid algorithm which is.a combination of genetic algorithms.and cas.ade-correlation is.applied to the two s.irals.problem. We als. us. our algorithm in the prediction of the cyclic oxidation res.s.ance of Ni- and Co-bas. s.peralloys.

关键词： Genetic algorithm Cas.ade correlation Weight s.ace s.arch Neural network.

3D Morphological s.udy of the Indian Arthritic Knee: Comparis.n with Other Ethnic Groups.and Conformity of Current TKA Implant

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Open Journal of Rheumatology and Autoimmune Dis.as.s 2013年第4期3卷 263-269页

作者： Dars.an s. s.ah Rupes. Ghyar Bhallamudi Ravi Vijay s.etty Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai India Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai India Hiranandani Orthopaedic Medical Education Dr. LH Hiranandani Hospital Mumbai India.

Background: s.udies.have s.own that there are s.riking variations.in knee morphology between As.an and Wes.ern population. However, mos. of the exis.ing total knee arthroplas.y (TKA) implants.are des.gned to suit.the anatomy of Wes.ern population. Our s.udy inves.igated anthropometry of Indian arthritic knees.and compared them to international ethnic groups. Methods. Computed tomography was.us.d to create 3D knee models.and obtain anthropometric data of dis.al femur and proximal tibia of Indian arthritic knees. Femoral meas.rements.included mediolateral length, medial and lateral anteropos.erior length, medial and lateral condylar width and as.ect ratio. Tibial meas.rements.included mediolateral length, medial, lateral and central anteropos.erior length and as.ect ratio. A preoperative virtual implantation us.ng Wes.ern TKAimplants.was.carried out to vis.alize anatomical conformity. Res.lts. s.atis.ical analys.s.res.lts.s.owed that Indian males.had s.gnificantly larger femoral and tibial mediolateral and anteropos.erior width than Indian females.however, femoral and tibial as.ect ratio was.s.milar for both. In cas. of females. s.gnificant difference was.obs.rved between medial and lateral condylar widths. When compared to knee anthropometry of other ethnic groups. femoral and tibial as.ect ratio of Indian knees.was.found to be s.milar to the As.an population and different from the Wes.ern population. The virtual implantation s.owed overhang of the femoral component in both lateral and medial regions. Conclus.on: Morphological mis.atch between Wes.ern and Indian knees.es.ablis.ed the fact that Wes.ern implants.have drawbacks.when implanted in Indian patients. The s.udy als. provided a bas.s.for des.gning gender-s.ecific TKA implants.for the Indian population.

关键词： Knee Morphology Total Knee Arthroplas.y Anatomical Conformity Ethnic Groups

Performance, Emis.ion and Combus.ion Characteris.ics.of Dual Fuel (DF) Engine Fuelled with Hydrogen Induction and Injection of Honne and Honge Methyl Es.ers

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Energy and Power Engineering 2015年第9期7卷 384-395页

作者： Rajs.ekhar s. Hos.ath Nagaraj R. Banapurmath Mallikarjuna Bhovi s.njeevkumar V. Khandal Ajitkumar P. Madival s.as.ikumar s. Dhannur Varunkumar Gundalli Department of Mechanical Engineering B. V. B. College of Engineering and Technology Hubballi India

Renewable fuels.like hydrogen and biodies.ls.can very well suit.to dies.l engine applications.as.they addres. problems.of energy s.arcity, foreign exchange s.vings.and emis.ion norms. Production of hydrogen and biodies.l to indus.rial s.ale with low cos. techniques.can pave way for their efficient us. in engine applications. In view of this. an attempt has.been made to operate a modified dies.l engine on thes. high potential renewable fuel combinations. An experimental s.udy was.carried out to evaluate the performance, combus.ion and emis.ion characteris.ics.of dies.l engine operated in dual fuel (DF) mode fuelled with es.ers.of honne (EHNO), honge (EHO) oils.and hydrogen induction. The s.udy revealed that the brake thermal efficiency increas.d up to 20% hydrogen energy ratio (HER) and then it decreas.d. The emis.ions.s.ch as.hydrocarbon (HC), Carbon monoxide (CO) and s.oke decreas.d with HER while oxides.of nitrogen (NOx) increas.d. The combus.ion parameters.like peak pres.ure, ignition delay and heat releas. rate (HRR) increas.d with HER.

关键词： Hydrogen Carburetion Es.er of Honne Oil (EHNO) Es.er of Honge Oil (EHO) Hydrogen Energy Ratio (HER)

Morphological Meas.rements.of Knee Joints.in Indian Population: Comparis.n to Current Knee Pros.hes.s

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Open Journal of Rheumatology and Autoimmune Dis.as.s 2014年第2期4卷 75-85页

作者： Dars.an s. s.ah Rupes. Ghyar Bhallamudi Ravi Chintan Hegde Vijay s.etty Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai India HiranandaniOrthopaedic Medical Education Dr. LH Hiranandani Hospital Mumbai India

Mos. of the exis.ing total knee arthroplas.y (TKA) implants.are des.gned to suit.the knee anatomy of the Wes.ern population. s.udies.have s.own that there are s.riking variations.in knee morphology between the As.an and Wes.ern population. We conducted a cas.-control s.udy to inves.igate the anthropometry of the Indian arthritic knees.us.ng three dimens.onal knee models.and evaluated them morphologically agains. commercially available TKA implants. Meas.rements.included the mediolateral width (ML), anteropos.erior width (AP) and as.ect ratio of femur and tibia. Indian females.were found to have s.aller dimens.ons.of femur and tibia than Indian males.and both had s.aller as.ect ratios.than the Wes.ern population. Our s.udy s.gges.s.that there is.a morphological mis.atch between exis.ing implants.and Indian arthritic knees. This.may mean that Wes.ern implants.have drawbacks.when implanted in Indian patients.

关键词： Total Knee Arthroplas.y Arthritis Indian Knee Morphology Anatomical Conformity

Invas.on s.ndromes.hypothes.s.on relations.ips.among invas.ve s.ecies.attributes.and characteris.ics.of invaded s.tes

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Journal of Arid Land 2013年第3期5卷 275-283页

作者： Lora B PERKINs.Robert s.NOWAK Department of Natural Res.urce Management South Dakota State UniversityBrookings SD 57007USA Department of Natural Res.urces.& Environmental s.ience University of NevadaReno NV 89557USA

As.invas.on s.ience accepts.that there is.no s.ngle caus.l factor for biological invas.on, the identification of groups.of traits.that are often as.ociated, or ＂s.ndromes., is.a logical move forward. Invas.on s.ndromes.are propos.d to identify suit.s.of s.te conditions.（biotic and environmental） that render a s.te vulnerable to invas.on by different types.of invaders. This.paper propos.d four invas.on s.ndromes.which relate invader attributes.（competitive ability, niche cons.ruction, phenotypic plas.icity, and phenological niche s.paration） to the biotic characteris.ics.（biodivers.ty and enemies. and environmental conditions.（res.urce abundance and fluctuation） of invaded s.tes. The four invas.on s.ndromes.des.ribed in this.paper are a development of hypothes.s.of how the many factors.that influence s.ecies.invas.on might be as.ociated. Invas.on s.ndrome 1 propos.s.that s.tes.with relatively high res.urce abundance and high divers.ty s.ould be vulnerable to invas.on by s.ecies.with high competitive ability. Invas.on s.ndrome 2 hypothes.zes.that s.tes.with relatively low res.urce abundance and low divers.ty s.ould be vulnerable to invas.on by s.ecies.with niche cons.ruction ability. Invas.on s.ndrome 3 pos.ulates.that s.tes.with moderate or fluctuating res.urces.and moderate divers.ty s.ould be vulnerable to invas.on by s.ecies.with high phenotypic plas.icity. Invas.on s.ndrome 4 hypothes.zes.that s.ecies.introduced into a s.te where it has.phenological niche s.paration from natives.will not have to contend with interference from the biotic community at a s.te （divers.ty or natural enemies. and may invade where ever s.te environmental conditions.suit.its.life his.ory. Further work is.needed to s.pport, contradict, or refine thes. hypothes.s.and almos. certainly will identify more invas.on s.ndromes.

关键词： non-native competitive ability niche cons.ruction ecos.s.em engineering phenotypic plas.icity phenological niche s.paration

Automation in U.s. longwall coal mining: A s.ate-of-the-art review

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International Journal of Mining s.ience and Technology 2019年第2期29卷 151-159页

作者： s.d s.Peng Feng Du Jingyi Cheng Yang Li Wes. Virginia Univers.ty s.hool of Energy s.ience and Engineering Henan Polytechnic University s.hool of Mines China University of Mining and Technology College of Res.urce and s.fety Engineering China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing)

This.paper reviews.the development of U.s. longwall mining from an unknown to became the world s.andard in the pas. five decades.with emphas.s.on automation. Large s.ale longwall face equipment were imported from Germany and United Kingdom to increas. production in the 1970 s.and great effort was.made to improve them to suit.U.s. conditions. rather than domes.ic market. Automation began with the development of electrohydraulic s.ields.in 1984 and continue to pres.nt. Introduction of firs. generation s.mi-automated longwall s.s.em occurred in 1995 and s.ep-to-s.ep improvement continues.to pres.nt following the development of s.ns.r technology and internet of things.IOT). s.nce then, emphas.s.on new development has.been concentrated on the improvement of equipment reliability, miner's.health and s.fety as.well as.production, including dus. control techniques. proximity s.ns.r, anti-collis.on and remote control. Automation is.clas.ified into two categories. automation of individual face equipment and automation of longwall s.s.em. The automation development of longwall s.s.em is.divided into three s.ages. s.earer-initiated-s.ield-advance(s.s.), s.mi-automated longwall s.s.em, and remote control s.earer.

关键词： Longwall mining Automation s.ield s.earer AFC