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MoO_(x) and V_(2)O_(x) as hole and electron transport layers through functionalized intercalation in normal and inverted organic optoelectronic devices

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Light(Science & Applications) 2015年第1期4卷 415-421页

作者： Xinchen Li Fengxian Xie Shaoqing Zhang Jianhui Hou Wallace CH choy Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering The University of Hong KongPokfulam RoadHong KongChina Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

To achieve fabrication and cost competitiveness in organic optoelectronic devices that include organic solar cells(OSCs)and organic light-emitting diodes(OLEDs),it is desirable to have one type of material that can simultaneously function as both the electron and hole transport layers(ETLs and HTLs)of the organic devices in all device architectures(i.e.,normal and inverted architectures).We address this issue by proposing and demonstrating Cs-intercalated metal oxides(with various Cs mole ratios)as both the ETL and HTL of an organic optoelectronic device with normal and inverted device *** results demonstrate that the new approach works well for widely used transition metal oxides of molybdenum oxide(MoOx)and vanadium oxide(V_(2)O_(x)).Moreover,the Cs-intercalated metaloxide-based ETL and HTL can be easily formed under the conditions of a room temperature,water-free and solution-based *** conditions favor practical applications of OSCs and ***,with the analyses of the Kelvin Probe System,our approach of Cs-intercalated metal oxides with a wide mole ratio range of transition metals(Mo or V)/Cs from 1:0 to 1:0.75 can offer significant and continuous work function tuning as large as 1.31 eV for functioning as both an ETL and ***,our method of intercalated metal oxides can contribute to the emerging large-scale and low-cost organic optoelectronic devices.

关键词： metal oxides carrier transport layers normal and inverted device architectures organic light-emitting diodes organic solar cells room-temperature solution process

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Metallated conjugation in small-sized-molecular donors for solution-processed organic solar cells

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Science China Chemistry 2015年第2期58卷 347-356页

作者： Chaohua Cui Yunye Zhang Wallace C.H.choy Hua Li Wai-Yeung Wong Institute of Molecular Functional Materials Department of Chemistry and Institute of Advanced Materials Hong Kong Baptist University Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering The University of Hong Kong College of Life and Environmental Sciences & Beijing Engineering Research Center of Food Environment and Public Health Minzu University of China HKBU Institute of Research and Continuing Education Shenzhen Virtual University Park

Four metallated conjugated oligothiophenes, S-1, S-2, S-3 and S-4, with platinum（II） aryleneethynylenes as the electron-rich building block were synthesized to investigate their physicochemical and photovoltaic properties. These small molecules possess fairly low-lying HOMO energy levels which match with the LUMO energy level of the electron acceptor PC70BM （[6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester）. Using the simple process of spin-coating solution fabrication technique, S-I：PC70BM （1：4, w/w） based organic solar cells exhibiting a high Voc of 0.913 V, with a PCE value of 0.88% were developed. In contrast, the OSC device based on S-2：PC70BM （3：7, w/w） displayed a higher PCE of 1.59% with a higher Jsc value of 5.89 mA cm^-2. The device based on S-4：PCToBM （1：4, w/w） exhibited a PCE value of 1.56%, with a Voc of 0.917 V.

关键词： platinum acetylide photovoltaics organic solar cell oligothiophene

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Prediction of fracture initiation in cohesive soils based on data mining modelling and large-scale laboratory verification

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Underground Space 2024年第6期19卷 279-300页

作者： Weiping Luo Dajun Yuan Yannick choy Hing Ng Dalong Jin Ping Lu Teng Wang Department of Geotechnical Engineering College of Civil EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Urban Underground Engineering Beijing Jiaotong UniversityBeijing 100044China Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering National University of SingaporeSingapore 119077Singapore

Many empirical and analytical methods have been proposed to predict fracturing pressure in cohesive *** of them take into account three to four specific influencing factors and rely on the assumption of a failure *** this study,a novel data-mining approach based on the XGBoost algorithm is investigated for predicting fracture initiation in cohesive *** has the advantage of handling multiple influencing factors simultaneously,without pre-determining a failure mode.A dataset of 416 samples consisting of 14 distinct features was herein collected from past studies,and used for developing a regressor and a classifier model for fracturing pressure prediction and failure mode classification *** results show that the intrinsic characteristics of the soil govern the failure mode while the fracturing pressure is more sensitive to the stress *** XGBoost-based model was also tested against conventional approaches,as well as a similar machine learning algorithm namely random forest ***,several large-scale triaxial fracturing tests and an in-situ case study were carried out to further verify the generalization ability and applicability of the proposed data mining approach,and the results indicate a superior performance of the XGBoost model.

关键词： Fracturing pressure Failure mode Cohesive soil Data-mining Large-scale tests

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Improvement on electrochemical performances of nanoporous titania as anode of lithium-ion batteries through annealing of pure titanium foils

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2018年第1期27卷 250-263页

作者： Md.Arafat Rahman Yat choy Wong Guangsheng Song De Ming Zhu Cuie Wen Faculty of Science Engineering and TechnologySwinburne University of Technology Department of Mechanical Engineering Chittagong University of Engineering and Technology School of Material Science&Engineering Anhui University of Technology School of Engineering RMIT University

The effect of annealing of Ti foils before anodization on the morphology and electrochemical performance of resultant nanoporous anatase TiO2 （np-TiO2） as anode in rechargeable lithium-ion batteries （LIBs） was investigated. The np-TiO2 anode fabricated from annealed Ti foils exhibited higher specific surface area and reduced pore diameter compared to np-TiO2 electrode fabricated from as-received Ti foils. The highly porous np-TiO2 anode fabricated from annealed Ti foils exhibited 1st discharge capacity of 453.25 mAh/g and reduced to 172.70 mAh/g at 1 C current rate after 300 cycles; whilst the np-TiO2 electrode fabricated from the as-received Ti foils exhibited 1st discharge capacity of 213.30 mAh/g and reduced to 160.0 mAh/g at 1 C current rate after 300cycles. Even after 400cycles, such np-TiO2 electrode exhibited a reversible capacity of 125.0 mAh/g at 2.5 C current rate. Compared to the untreated Ti foils, the enhanced electro- chemical performance of np-TiO2 anode fabricated from annealed Ti foils was ascribed to the annealing- induced removal of residual stress among the Ti atoms. The benefit of annealing process can reduce pore size of as-fabricated np-TiO2.

关键词： Annealing Nanoporous Anatase Titanium oxide Anode Lithium-ion battery

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Transition metal oxides as hole-transporting materials in organic semiconductor and hybrid perovskite based solar cells

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Science China Chemistry 2017年第4期60卷 472-489页

作者： Pingli Qin Qin He Dan Ouyang Guojia Fang Wallace C.H. choy Gang Li Department of Electronic and Information Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Hum Kowloon Hong Kong SAR China School of Science Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan 430073 China College of Post and Telecommunications Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan 430073 China Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-struetures of the Ministry of Education School of Physics and Technology Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China

Organic polymer solar cells （OSCs） and organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells （PSCs） have achieved notable progress over the past several years. A central topic in these fields is exploring electronically efficient, stable and effective hole-transporting layer （HTL） materials. The goal is to enhance hole-collection ability, reduce charge recombination, increase built-in voltage, and hence improve the performance as well as the device stability. Transition metal oxides （TMOs） semiconductors such as NiOx, CuOx, CrOx, MoOx, WO3, and V2O5, have been widely used as HTLs in OSCs. These TMOs are naturally adopted into PSC as HTLs and shows their importance. There are similarities, and also differences in applying TMOs in these two types of main solution processed solar cells. This concise review is on the recent developments of transition metal oxide HTL in OSCs and PSCs. The paper starts from the discussion of the cation valence and electronic structure of the transition metal oxide materials, followed by analyzing the structure-property relationships of these HTLs, which we attempt to give a systematic introduction about the influences of their cation valence, electronic structure, work ftmction and film property on device performance.

关键词： hole-transporting layer transition metal oxide perovskite solar cell organic solar cell

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Thermodynamic and kinetics of hydrogen photoproduction enhancement by concentrated sunlight with CO_(2) photoreduction by heterojunction photocatalysts

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Energy and AI 2021年第4期6卷 14-20页

作者： Ziyu Liu Teng Yi Chenxu Huang Kwang-Leong choy Chaozong Liu School of Medical Science and Engineering Beihang UniversityChina Centre for Materials Research University College LondonUK National Institude of Defense Science and Technology China Northwest Institute of Mechanical&Electrical Engineering China

For achieving water splitting into hydrogen under sunlight for practical applications,the high efficiencies of the photoreduction of CO_(2) over TiO_(2)/Fe3O4 photocatalysts combined with hydrogenation of water splitting over Pt/TiO_(2) were investigated by practical concentrated solar energy compared with Hg lamp and Xe *** on AI analysis on the influence factors,the key parameters for TOC concentration were photocatalysts,Na2CO3 concentration and radiation intensity while the key parameters for hydrogen production were photocatalysts,radiation intensity,and TOC ***,the mechanism of concentrated sunlight effects has been discussed from the view of thermodynamics and *** concentrated sunlight provides a simultaneous supply of sufficient electron–hole pairs and thermal *** to hydrogen and CO_(2) reduction are both enhanced in concentrated sunlight due to endothermal *** changes the internal electric field of p-n junction of in different possible ways,and thus composite photocatalysts with favorable formation of p-n junctions would enhance the charge separation by internal electric ***,photocatalysts are beneficial for providing more excited electrons at a time for achieving CO_(2) photoreduction at the surface region of the particles with higher density of radiation by concentrated solar ***,products from CO_(2) photoreduction,acting as sacrificial electron donors,improved hydrogen evolution in solar-mediated water splitting for prohibiting reverse reactions.

关键词： Concentrated sunlight Hydrogen evolution CO_(2)photoreduction p-n junction Thermodynamics and kinetics

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Utilization of plant-based natural coagulants as future alternatives towards sustainable water clarification

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2014年第11期26卷 2178-2189页

作者： Sook Yan choy Krishna Murthy Nagendra Prasad Ta Yeong Wu Mavinakere Eshwaraiah Raghunandan Ramakrishnan Nagasundara Ramanan Chemical Engineering Discipline School of Engineering Monash University Malaysia Civil Engineering Discipline School of Engineering Monash University Malaysia Advanced Engineering Platform School of Engineering Monash University Malaysia

Rapid industrial developments coupled with surging population growth have complicated issues dealing with water scarcity as the quest for clean and sanitized water intensifies globally. Existing flesh water supplies could be contaminated with organic, inorganic and biological matters that have potential harm to the society. Turbidity in general is a measure of water cloudiness induced by such colloidal and suspended matters and is also one of the major criteria in raw water monitoring to meet the stipulated water quality guidelines. Turbidity reduction is often accomplished using chemical coagulants such as alum. The use of alum is widely associated with potential development of health issues and generation of voluminous sludge. Natural coagulants that are available in abundance can certainly be considered in addressing the drawbacks associated with the use of chemical coagulants. Twenty one types of plant-based natural coagulants categorized as fruit waste and others are identified and presented collectively with their research summary in this review. The barriers and prospects of commercialization of natural coagulants in near future are also discussed.

关键词： Chemical coagulant Commercialization Constraints Fruit waste Protein Turbidity reduction

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The Correlation Between Particle-Size Dispersity and Percolation Threshold of Brittle-Ductile Transition in Polymer Blends

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Science China Chemistry 1993年第1期36卷 18-24页

作者：李强郑文革漆宗能朱晓光 C.L.choy State Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics Institute of Chemistry Academia Sinica Beijing 100080 PRC Department of Physics the Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin Hong Kong

Percolation threshold of Brittle-Ductile (B-D) transition and its relation with the affecting varibles (such as particle-size dispersity, interphase adhesion)in polymer blends are *** Threshold (Φ_(sc)) which is equivalent to that of B-D transition and critical matrix ligament thickness (T_c) are first independently calculated and the correlated equation between Φ_(sc) and σ_g is also *** addition, a new type of master curve of S_1(G_0,toughness) with Φ_s (stress volume fraction) for polymer blends is proposed and the new parameter Φ_(so) (up-limited stress volume fraction) is also discussed. The results confirm that Φ_(sc) is not only related with σ_g,but also tightly related with the interphase adhesion.

关键词： Brittle-Duetile transition percolation threshold particle-size dispersity interphase adhesion polymer blends.

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Two-dimensional like conjugated copolymers for high efficiency bulk-heterojunction solar cell application:Band gap and energy level engineering

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Science China Chemistry 2011年第4期54卷 685-694页

作者： DUAN ChunHui WANG ChuanDao LIU ShengJian HUANG Fei choy C.H.Wallace CAO Yong Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials & Devices Key Laboratory of Specially Functional Materials of the Ministry of Education South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640China Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering The University of Hong KongPokfulam RoadHong KongChina

Three two-dimensional like conjugated copolymers PFSDCN,PFSDTA and PFSDCNIO,which consist of alternating fluorene and triphenylamine main chain,and different pendant acceptor groups (malononitrile,1,3-diethtyl-2-thiobarbituric acid and 2-(1,2-dihydro-1-oxoinden-3-ylidene)malononitrile) with thiophene as π-bridge,have been designed,synthesized and *** structure-property relationships of the two-dimensional like conjugated copolymers were systematically *** absorption spectra,band gaps,and energy levels of the polymers were effectively tuned by simply attaching different acceptor *** the electron-withdrawing ability of the acceptors increased,the band gaps of the polymers were narrowed from 2.05 to 1.61 eV;meanwhile,the LUMO energy levels of the polymers decreased from -3.27 to -3.75 eV,whereas their relatively deep HOMO energy levels of ～-5.35 eV were *** solar cells were fabricated and characterized by using the three polymers as donor materials and the highest power conversion efficiency of 2.87% was achieved for the device based on PFSDTA:(6,6)-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester blend.

关键词： conjugated polymers two-dimensional like polymers band gaps bulk-heterojunction solar cells

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Monolayer Graphitic Carbon Nitride as Metal-Free Catalyst with Enhanced Performance in Photo- and Electro-Catalysis

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Nano-Micro Letters 2022年第3期14卷 308-321页

作者： Huiyan Piao Goeun Choi Xiaoyan Jin Seong‑Ju Hwang Young Jae Song Sung‑Pyo Cho Jin‑Ho choy Intelligent Nanohybrid Materials Laboratory(INML) Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering(ITREN)Dankook UniversityCheonan 31116Republic of Korea College of Science and Technology Dankook UniversityCheonan 31116Republic of Korea Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine Dankook UniversityCheonan 31116Republic of Korea Department of Materials Science and Engineering College of EngineeringYonsei UniversitySeoul 03722Republic of Korea SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology(SAINT) Sungkyunkwan University(SKKU)Suwon 440‑746Republic of Korea Department of Nano Engineering Sungkyunkwan University(SKKU)Suwon 440‑746Republic of Korea National Center for Inter‑University Research Facilities(NCIRF) Seoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Republic of Korea Graphene Research Center Advanced Institute of Convergence TechnologySuwon 16229Republic of Korea Department of Pre‑Medical Course College of MedicineDankook UniversityCheonan 31116Republic of Korea Tokyo Tech World Research Hub Initiative(WRHI) Institute of Innovative ResearchTokyo Institute of TechnologyYokohama 226‑8503Japan

The exfoliation of bulk graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4))into monolayer has been intensively studied to induce maximum sur-face area for fundamental studies,but ended in failure to realize chemi-cally and physically well-defined monolayer of g-C_(3)N_(4)mostly due to the difficulty in reducing the layer thickness down to an atomic *** has,therefore,remained as a challenging issue in two-dimensional(2D)chemistry and physics *** this study,an“atomic monolayer of g-C_(3)N_(4)with perfect two-dimensional limit”was successfully prepared by the chemically well-defined two-step *** atomically resolved monolayer of g-C_(3)N_(4)was also confirmed by spectroscopic and micro-scopic *** addition,the experimental Cs-HRTEM image was collected,for the first time,which was in excellent agreement with the theoretically simulated;the evidence of monolayer of g-C_(3)N_(4)in the perfect 2D limit becomes now clear from the HRTEM image of orderly hexagonal symmetry with a cavity formed by encirclement of three adjacent heptazine *** to bulk g-C_(3)N_(4),the present g-C_(3)N_(4)monolayer showed significantly higher photocatalytic gen-eration of H2O2 and H2,and electrocatalytic oxygen reduction *** addition,its photocatalytic efficiency for H2O2 production was found to be the best for any known g-C_(3)N_(4)nanomaterials,underscoring the remarkable advantage of monolayer formation in optimizing the catalyst performance of g-C_(3)N_(4).

关键词： Graphitic carbon nitride Monolayer Atomic image Electro-and photo-catalysis

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