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Etiopathogenesis of primary sclerosing cholangitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第21期14卷 3350-3359页

作者： Roger Chapman sue Cullen Department of Gastroen-terology John Radcliffe HospitalHeadingtonOxford OX3 9DUUnited Kingdom

Primary sclerosing cholangitis(PSC) is a chronic cholestatic liver disease of unknown etiology but lymphocytic portal tract infiltration is suggestive of an immune-mediated basis for this *** with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) especially ulcerative colitis(UC),and with particular autoimmune diseases,as well as the genetic associations further suggest PSC may be an immune-mediated *** immunogenetics of PSC have been the subject of active research and several HLA and non-HLA associated genes have been implicated in the development of the *** derived from the inflamed gut may enter the liver via the enterohepatic circulation to cause hepatic *** may be triggered in genetically susceptible individuals by infections or toxins entering the portal circulation through a permeable colon and hence evoking an abnormal immune response.

关键词： Autoantibody Immunogenetics Biliaryepithelial cells T cell receptor Lymphocytes

Data envelopment analysis for highway asset investment assessment

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2021年第1期8卷 117-128页

作者： Joshua Qiang Li sue McNeil School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Oklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOK 74078USA Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of DelawareNewarkDE 19702USA

Highway agencies have been using many of the elements of asset management with the support of various decision-making *** determine the most effective investment strategy with scarce resources,the integration,and hence better utilization,of existing tools and practices across asset classes is generally *** paper applies data envelopment analysis(DEA)to benchmark different highway investment scenarios using existing data or data readily available through existing *** asset types,pavements,bridges,and traffic signage,are *** investment analysis results from the Highway Economic Requirements System State Version(HERS-ST)application,the PONTIS bridge management system software,and purpose-built traffic signage spreadsheet are obtained to capture the changes of performance measures under various budget scenarios and are further used as the inputs for the DEA process to benchmark investment scenarios for each individual ***,the performance measures and budget levels are assembled in the Asset Manager-NT software,whose results are input into DEA to benchmark cross-assets resource allocation *** for the management of highway network is addressed via case studies in a systematic manner that recognizes the tradeoffs among different funding periods and objectives such as preserving existing investments,safety,roughness and user *** study has established a preliminary implementable framework of highway asset management by linking DEA approach and current widely used decision-making tools for more efficient investments within and cross assets,and better understand of the tradeoffs,costs and consequences of various asset management decisions.

关键词： Highway asset management Resource allocation Data envelopment analysis(DEA) Decision-making tools

Theory of Critical Phenomena with Memory

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Chinese Physics Letters 2022年第12期39卷 1-7页

作者： Shaolong Zeng sue Ping Szeto Fan Zhong State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies School of PhysicsSun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275China

Memory is a ubiquitous characteristic of complex systems,and critical phenomena are one of the most intriguing phenomena in ***,we propose an Ising model with memory,develop a corresponding theory of critical phenomena with memory for complex systems,and discover a series of surprising novel *** show that a naive theory of a usual Hamiltonian with a direct inclusion of a power-law decaying long-range temporal interaction violates radically a hyperscaling law for all spatial dimensions even at and below the upper critical *** entails both indispensable consideration of the Hamiltonian for dynamics,rather than the usual practice of just focusing on the corresponding dynamic Lagrangian alone,and transformations that result in a correct theory in which space and time are inextricably interwoven,leading to an effective spatial dimension that repairs the hyperscaling *** theory gives rise to a set of novel mean-field critical exponents,which are different from the usual Landau ones,as well as new universality *** exponents are verified by numerical simulations of the Ising model with memory in two and three spatial dimensions.

关键词： critical Hamiltonian scaling

Recent advances of Cu-based hole transport materials and their interface engineering concerning different processing methods in perovskite solar cells

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2021年第11期30卷 459-476,I0010页

作者： Tengling Ye Xiaochen Sun Xiaoru Zhang sue Hao Department of Applied Chemistry School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001HeilongjiangChina

In recent years, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have become a much charming photovoltaic technology and have triggered enormous studies worldwide, owing to their high efficiency, low cost and ease of preparation. The power conversion efficiency has rapidly increased by more than 6 times to the current 25.5% in the past decade. Hole transport materials (HTMs) are an indispensable part of PSCs, which great affect the efficiency, the cost and the stability of PSCs. Inorganic Cu-based p-type semiconductors are a kind of representative inorganic HTMs in PSCs due to their unique advantages of rich variety, low cost, excellent hole mobility, adjustable energy levels, good stability, low temperature and scalable processing ability. In this review, the research progress in new materials and the control of photoelectric properties of Cu-based inorganic HTMs were first summarized systematically. And then, concerning different processing methods, advances of the interface engineering of Cu-based hole transport layers (HTLs) in PSCs were detailly discussed. Finally, the challenges and future trends of Cu-based inorganic HTMs and their interface engineering in PSCs were analyzed.

关键词： Perovskite solar cell Inorganic hole transport materials Hole transport layer CuI CuSCN

Keap1 eye on the target:chemoprevention of liver cancer

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Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 2007年第9期28卷 1331-1342页

作者： Melinda sue YATES Thomas Wells KENSLER Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences Johns Hopkins School of Medicine and Department of Environmental Health SciencesJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMaryland 21205USA

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide,causing nearly 600 000 deaths each *** risk of HCC due to chronicinfection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and exposure to dietary aflatoxins is respon-sible for many of these *** strategies targeting HBV infection andaflatoxin exposure could dramatically impact the rates of *** HBVvaccination programs have begun in some high-risk *** to reduceaflatoxin contamination in food stores have also been ***,complete elimination of aflatoxin contamination might not be *** thisreason,chemoprevention strategies which alter aflatoxin disposition are a practi-cal strategy to reduce the incidence of HCC in populations with high dietaryaflatoxin *** mechanisms of aflatoxin-induced hepatocarcinogenesisare well *** knowledge provides the basis for evaluation of both expo-sures to aflatoxin,as well as modulation of aflatoxin disposition by *** of aflatoxin DNA damage and toxicity as well as other metabo-lites can be used as biomarkers to evaluate modulation of aflatoxin *** of aflatoxin disposition can be achieved through induction of conju-gating and cytoprotective *** of these enzymes are regulated throughKelch ECH-associating protein 1 (Keap1)-NF-E2-related factor 2(Nrf2)-antioxi-dant response element (ARE) signaling,making this pathway an important mo-lecular target for *** studies have identified several classesof chemopreventive agents which induce cytoprotective *** inducersinclude phenolic antioxidants,dithiolethiones,isothiocyanates,and ***,clinical interventions have shown that inducers of Keap 1-Nrf2-ARE signaling increase cytoprotective enzyme expression,resulting in modula-tion of aflatoxin *** work remains to be done in order to takepromising chemopreventive agents from preclinical evaluation to

关键词： chemoprevention Kelch ECH associating protein 1 Nrf2 sulforaphane oltipraz triterpenoids dithiolethiones hepatocellular carcinoma

Climate change impacts on environmental geosciences: Introduction

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Geoscience Frontiers 2019年第2期10卷 361-362页

作者： Lawal Billa sue Walker School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences The University of NottinghamMalaysia Campus Department of Soil Crop and Climate ScienceUniversity of the Free StateBloemfontein Campus

Climate change and its impacts have become topical issues of global news,scientific research and *** Geosciences incorporate the various disciplines of geosciences and their multifaceted interactions with *** discussions on the interaction of climate change,geosciences and environment may often be blur,and Schmidt-Thoméet al.(2010)stated that“Often past climate changes that can be deduced from geological records may help in understanding the speed of potential climate change effects,*** quickly have sea levels changed,how drastic has nature reacted to ups and downs in temperature,*** analyses of past events help in giving outlooks on potential changes in our living *** is also of important to understand the magnitude and potential effects of extreme events,such as droughts and floods”.

关键词： Climate change environmental geosciences

Dimensional heterojunction design:The rising star of 2D bismuthbased nanostructured photocatalysts for solar-to-chemical conversion

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Nano Research 2023年第4期16卷 4310-4364页

作者： Joel Jie Foo sue-Faye Ng Wee-Jun Ong School of Energy and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University MalaysiaSelangor Darul Ehsan 43900Malaysia Center of Excellence for NaNo Energy&Catalysis Technology(CONNECT) Xiamen University MalaysiaSelangor Darul Ehsan 43900Malaysia College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361005China Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University Shenzhen 518057China

With the fast-pace digitalization evolution in the current generation’s lifestyle and the industry revolution,the energy demand has been ***,the two-dimensional(2D)bismuth-based nanomaterials emerged as a promising photocatalyst candidate in solar fuel conversion,not only for its exceptional light absorption capability and tunable optical properties,but it also can be synthesized into diverse variety of nanomaterials with different ranges of potential gap and band position to fulfill the potential requirement of wide range of photocatalytic ***,the weak light harvesting ability and ultrafast charge recombination has restricted its potential in commercial ***,recent researches have been focusing on tackling these issues by incorporating some modification strategies such as heteroatom doping,vacancy engineering,facet engineering,bismuth rich strategy and heterojunction ***,this review article presents the state-of-the-art modifications on 2D bismuth-based parent material,specifically on the relationship between each of the modification strategy on the electronic properties and surface chemistry in achieving boosted photocatalytic *** the view of the unique charge interaction between two semiconductors with different dimensions,we systematically discuss the rational heterostructure design from the dimensionality perspective,namely,point-to-face,line-to-face,face-to-face,and bulk-to-face in solar fuel conversion to provide inspiring insights for future interface ***,the challenges and the future research outlook in the solar-to-fuel conversion are highlighted to push forward the design of high-performance bismuth-based photocatalyst in realizing commercialscale solar-to-fuel conversion.

关键词： 2D heterojunction 2D nanomaterial CO_(2)reduction water splitting N2 fixation Z-scheme

Influence of hyperbaric oxygen on the differentiation of hypoxic/ischemic brainderived neural stem cells

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Neural Regeneration Research 2009年第7期4卷 492-496页

作者： Zhengrong Peng sue Wang Pingtian Xiao Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha 410008 Hunan Province China

BACKGROUND： It has been previously shown that hyperbaric oxygen may promote proliferation of neural stem cells and reduce death of endogenous neural stem cells （NSCs）. OBJECTIVE： To explore the effects of hyperbaric oxygen on the differentiation of hypoxic/ischemic brain-derived NSCs into neuron-like cells and compare with high-concentration oxygen and high pressure. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： An in vitro contrast study, performed at Laboratory of Neurology, Central South University between January and May 2006. MATERIALS： A hyperbaric oxygen chamber （YLC 0.5/1A） was provided by Wuhan Shipping Design Research Institute; mouse anti-rat microtubule-associated protein 2 monoclonal antibody by Jingmei Company, Beijing; mouse anti-rat glial fibrillary acidic protein monoclonal antibody by Neo Markers, USA; mouse anti-rat galactocerebroside monoclonal antibody by Santa Cruz Biotechnology Inc., USA; and goat anti-mouse fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled secondary antibody by Wuhan Boster Bioengineering Co., Ltd., China. METHODS： Brain-derived NSCs isolated from brain tissues of neonatal Sprague Dawley rats were cloned and passaged, and assigned into five groups： normal control, model, high-concentration oxygen, high pressure, and hyperbaric oxygen groups. Cells in the four groups, excluding the normal control group, were incubated in serum-containing DMEM/F12 culture medium. Hypoxic/ischemic models of NSCs were established in an incubator comprising 93% N2, 5% 002, and 2% 02. Thereafter, cells were continuously cultured as follows： compressed air （0.2 MPa, 1 hour, once a day） in the high pressure group, compressed air ＋ a minimum of 80% 02 in the hyperbaric oxygen group, and a minimum of 80% Q2 in the high-concentration oxygen group. Cells in the normal control and model groups were cultured as normal. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： At day 7 after culture, glial fibrillary acidic protein, microtubule-associated protein 2, and galactocerebroside immunofluorescence staining

关键词： hyperbaric oxygen brain-derived neural stem cells differentiation hypoxic/ischemicmodel

Diversity as a Condition of Cultures:Querying Assumptions of Mainstream and Minorities in Education Policy and Curriculum

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ECNU Review of Education 2022年第2期5卷 338-344页

作者： sue Saltmarsh The Education University of Hong Kong Edith Cowan University

Highlights Discussions ofdiversity in relation to children's education are often characterizedbybinaries of same/different,mainstream/margins,inclusion/exclusion,self/*** remains a contested site in educational debate,with differing views about curriculum as reinforcing social norms,beliefs,and values,as addressing the learning and social needs of learners from a variety of backgrounds and worldviews,or as a hybrid of *** and curriculum designed or intended to address diversity tend to rest on assumptions of majority or dominant cultures as homogenous and distinct from the cultures of minority Other/*** is often multidimensional,intersecting with,perpetuating,and reinforcing other inequalities and human rights violations affecting children and *** culture in terms of heterogenous practices of everyday life shifts the focus of discussion and debate toward more nuanced understandings of Otherness,difference and diversity as operatingwithin,as well as between,cultures.

关键词： everyday debate children