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Assessment of land use change and its effect on soil carbon stock using multitemporal satellite data in semiarid region of Rajasthan, India

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Ecological Processes 2019年第1期8卷 513-529页

作者： Garima sharma L.K.sharma K.C.sharma Department of Environmental Science Central University of RajasthanNH-8BandarsindriRajasthan 305817India m.D.S.University AjmerRajasthanIndia.

Background:Land use change plays a vital role in global carbon *** land use change impact on soil carbon stock is crucial for implementing land use management to increase carbon stock and reducing carbon ***,the objective of our study was to determine land use change and to assess its effect on soil carbon stock in semi-arid part of Rajasthan,*** temporal satellite data of Pushkar valley region of Rajasthan acquired on 1993,2003,and 2014 were analyzed to assess land use *** trading of land use was depicted *** organic carbon(SOC)stock was calculated for soil to a depth of 30 cm in each land use type in 2014 using field data *** SOC stock for previous years was estimated using stock change *** effect of land use change on SOC stock was determined by calculating change in SOC stock(t/ha)by deducting the base-year SOC stock from the final year stock of a particular land use ***:The total area under agricultural lands was increased by 32.14%while that under forest was decreased by 23.14%during the time period of 1993–*** land use change shows that in both the periods(1993–2003 and 2003–2014),7%of forest area was converted to agricultural land and about 15%changes occurred among agricultural *** 1993–2003,changes among agricultural land led to maximum loss of soil carbon,i.e.,4.88 mt C and during 2003–2014,conversion of forest to agricultural land led to loss in 3.16 mt ***:There was a continuous decrease in forest area and increase in cultivated area in each time *** use change led to alteration in carbon equity in soil due to change or loss in ***,we can conclude that the internal trading of land use area during the 10-year period(1993–2003)led to net loss of SOC stock by 8.29 mt ***,land use change during 11-year period(2003–2014)caused net loss of SOC by 2.76 mt *** should be made to implement proper land

关键词： multitemporal satellite data Land use change dynamics Internal trading of land use SOC stock,Stock change factor Change in SOC pool Land use management

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Flaps for bulbar urethral ischemic necrosis in pelvic fracture urethral injury

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Plastic and Aesthetic Research 2022年第1期9卷 678-687页

作者： Pankaj m.Joshi marco Bandini Christian Yepes Sandeep Bafna Shreyas Bhadranavar Vipin sharma Giuseppe Ottone Cirulli Sanjay B.Kulkarni Kulkarni Endo Surgery Institute and Reconstructive Urology Center PuneMaharashtra 411038India Urological Research Institute(URI) IRCCS Ospedale San RaffaeleVita-Salute San Raffaele UniversityMilan 20132Italy Centro Chirurgico Toscano Arezzo 52100Italy

Bulbar urethral ischemic necrosis(BUIN)is an iatrogenic entity resulting from repeated attempts at performing anastomotic urethroplasty for pelvic fracture urethral *** speaking,BUIN is related to a compromised blood supply of the bulbar urethra,which normally relies on anterograde supply from bulbar arteries and retrograde supply from recurrent branches of dorsal penile arteries,through the *** each transection of the bulbar urethra,both the anterograde and retrograde supplies are compromised,increasing the risk of *** though this term is widely used among reconstructive urologists,BUIN is orphan of an accepted scientific *** aim to report our personal perspective on BUIN,to identify factors associated with its occurrence,and to describe the management options in these patients.

关键词： Bulbar urethral ischemic necrosis inferior pubectomy pedicled preputial tube Q-flap

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Deterministic Dual Control of Phase Competition in Strained BiFeO_(3):A multiparametric Structural Lithography Approach

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Nanomanufacturing and metrology 2022年第1期5卷 60-66页

作者： Nathan Black David Edwards Niall Browne Joseph G.m.Guy Niyorjyoti sharma Kristina m・Holsgrove Aaron B.Naden Raymond G.P.mcQuaid Brian J.Rodriguez Amit Kumar School of maths and Physics Queen's University BelfastBelfast BT7 INNUK School of Chemistry University of St.AndrewsSt Andrews KY169STUK School of Physics University College DublinBelfieldDublin 4Ireland

The realization of a mixed-phase microstructure in strained BiFeO_(3)(BFO)thin films has led to numerous novel effects derived from the coexistence of the tetragonal-like monoclinic phase(T phase)and rhombohedral-like monoclinic phase(R phase).Strong strain and polarization diiferences between the phases should result in a high level of transformation plasticity,which enables the continuous alteration of the relative proportion of R and T states in response to external *** the potential for utilizing such plasticity to control mixed-phase populations under external stimuli is evident,direct experi・mental evidence backed by equilibrium predictions has not yet been fully *** we demonstrate deterministic control of mixed-phase populations in an epitaxially strained BFO thin film through the application of localized stresses and electric fields in a reversible manne匚The results illustrate and rationalize deterministic control of mixed phases in strained BFO films,which could be crucial in tuning their functional *** findings also highlight a new multiparametric technique in the scanning probe lithography toolbox based on tip-assisted electric and strain field manipulation of functional properties that might find application beyond the ferroelectric domain and structural phase lithography.

关键词： Phase competition Ferroelectric Stress Lithography

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Remote sensing and census based assessment and scope for improvement of rice and wheat water productivity in the Indo-Gangetic Basin

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2009年第11期52卷 3300-3308页

作者： sharma Bharat International Water management Institute (IWmI) New Delhi Office NASC Complex CG Block Dev Prakash Shastri Marg Pusa New Delhi 110012 India

Understanding of crop water productivity (WP) over large scale, e.g., river basin, has significant impli-cations for sustainable basin development planning. This paper presents a simplified approach to combine remote sensing, census and weather data to analyze basin rice and wheat WP in Indo-Gangetic River Basin, South Asia. A crop dominance map is synthesized from ground truth data and three existing LULC maps. National statistics on crop area and production information are collected and the yield is interpolated to pixel level using moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (mODIS) normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). Crop evapotranspiration is mapped using simplified surface energy balance (SSEB) model with mODIS land surface temperature products and meteorological data collected from 56 weather stations. The average ET by rice and wheat is 368 mm and 210 mm respectively, accounting for only 69% and 65% of potential ET, and 67% and 338% of rainfall of the crop growth period measured from Tropical Rainfall measurement mission (TRmm). Average WP for rice and wheat is 0.84 and 1.36 kg/m3 respectively. WP variability generally follows the same trend as shown by crop yield disregarding climate and topography changes. Sum of rice-wheat water productivity, however, exhibits different variability leading to better understanding of irrigation water management as wheat heavily relies on irrigation. Causes for variations and scope for improvement are also analyzed.

关键词： crop water productivity remote sensing census Indo-Gangetic Basin

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Band head spin determination of triaxial superdeformed bands in ^163,164,165Lu through two-parameter formulae

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Chinese Physics C 2018年第11期42卷 72-77页

作者： Honey sharma H.m. mittal Dr. B.R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology Jalandhar 144011 India

The two-parameter formulae, i.e. the nuclear softness formula and the power index formula, have been used to obtain the band head spin （I0） of the triaxial superdeformed （SD） bands in ^163Lu（1,2,3,4）, ^164Lu（1,2,3） and ^165Lu（1,2,3）, in the A - 160 mass region. The least squares fitting approach is used. The values of the root mean square （RmS） deviation among the computed and the measured experimental transition energies are obtained by calculating the model parameters. Whenever accurate spins are available, superb agreement is shown between the determined and the measured experimental transition energies. In comparison to the power index formula, the values of band head spin （I0） of the triaxial SD bands in ^163Lu（1,2,3,4）, ^164Lu（1,2,3） and ^165Lu（1,2,3） obtained by the nuclear softness formula are closer to the experimental data. The lowest RmS deviation is also achieved by the nuclear softness formula. Hence, the nuclear softness formula works well for obtaining the band head spin （I0） for the triaxial SD bands in ^163Lu（1,2,3,4）, ^164Lu（1,2,3） and ^165Lu（1,2,3） in the A-160 mass region. The dynamic moment of inertia against hω is also studied.

关键词： band head spin nuclear softness formula power index formula triaxial superdeformed bands

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In vivo antianxiety and antidepressant activity of murraya paniculata leaf extracts

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Journal of Integrative medicine 2017年第4期15卷 320-325页

作者： Pragya sharma Sonali Batra Ashwani Kumar Anupam.sharma University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Panjab University

OBJECTIVE： Different parts of murraya paniculata have been used traditionally for treating several ailments including mental disorders. The present study was designed to evaluate the antianxiety and antidepressant potential of m. paniculata leaves using elevated plus maze model and forced swim test, respectively. mETHODS： Extracts of m. panicu/ata made with petroleum ether （60-80 ℃）, chloroform, ethanol and water were evaluated for antianxiety and antidepressant activity. The anxiolytic chloroform extract was subjected to column chromatography, yielding five fractions （F1-F5）. Fraction F5 （100 mg/kg）, which showed notable anxiolytic activity, was further chromatographed to get four subfractions （F5.1-F5.4）. Simultaneously, the ethano extract was partitioned with ethyl acetate to obtain ethyl acetate soluble fraction （EASF） and ethyl acetate insoluble fraction. Phytochemical screening of bioactive extracts/fractions and detection of mahanimbine in m paniculata leaf extract by thin-layer chromatography was also carried out. RESULTS： Fraction F5.3 （25 mg/kg） and EASF （20 mg/kg） showed significant anxiolytic and antidepressant activity, respectively. Thin-layer chromatography and phytochemical screening demonstrated the absence of mahanimbine in m. paniculata leaves. Coumarins were observed to be responsible for the anxiolytic activity. CONCLUSION： The results validate the traditional use of m. paniculata leaves in the treatment of menta disorders.

关键词： murraya paniculata anxiety depressant coumarins mahanimbine plants, medicinal

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A Comparative Study on the Corrosion Behaviour of Hard Anodic Coatings on AA 6061 Obtained Using DC and Pulsed DC Power Sources

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Acta metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2013年第6期26卷 647-656页

作者： Franco m. Hari Krishna T. Anju m.Pillai A.Rajendra A.K.sharma Thermal Systems Group ISRO Satellite Centre

The corrosion behaviour of the hard anodic coatings prepared by three different methods viz., conventional hard anodizing （C-HA）, pulse hard anodizing （P-HA） and low voltage room temperature pulse hard anodizing （LVP- HA） on AA 6061 was compared using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy （EIS） and linear polarisation. Scanning electron microscope （SEm） was used to study the surface morphology before and after corrosion. EIS data revealed that no significant difference in corrosion resistance was observed among three types. Rp, Icorr and Ecorr were found to be highly stable over the exposure period up to 72 h which confirms the excellent corrosion resistance. The studies indicate that the corrosion resistance of LVP-HA and P-HA, which are processed at lower voltage and at relatively higher temperatures, are comparable to that of C-HA which is processed at sub-zero temperatures and high operating voltages. The corrosion resistance of all coatings was found to be improved after hydrothermal sealing.

关键词： Aluminium Anodic films EIS Polarisation SEm

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Characterization of optical transitions of Eu^(3+) in lanthanum oxychloride nanophosphor

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Journal of Rare Earths 2011年第4期29卷 345-348页

作者： A. Choubey S. Som m. Biswas S.K. sharma Department of Applied Physics Indian School of Mines Dhanbad 826004 India

This paper presented the studies on the optical properties and calculation of spectral parameters of europium doped lanthanum oxychloride nanophosphor for their possible applications in optoelectronic devices. The compound was doped with 0.1 mol% Eu3＋ ions. The X-ray diffraction study of prepared sample suggested the tetragonal structure with particle size in the range of 18–21 nm. The photoluminescence （PL） emission spectra showed the bright emission in orange-red region from 580 to 630 nm. The most intense emission peak at 621 nm was due to transition 5D0→7F2 in energy levels of Eu3＋ ions. The spectral parameters were calculated from the absorption and emission spectra using Judd-Ofelt intensity parameters. The calculated values of the oscillator strength corresponding to the three transitions 7F1→5D1, 7F1→5D2 and 7F0→5D2 observed at 535, 472 and 465 nm in absorption spectra were 0.30×10–6, 1.36×10–6 and 0.63×10–6, respectively. The value of transi- tion probability （A）, stimulated emission cross-section （） and radiative lifetime （τrad） corresponding to 621 nm emission peak （transition 5D0→7F2） were 308 s–1, 1.22×10–21 cm2 and 3.24×10–3 s, respectively.

关键词： X-ray diffraction optical absorption photoluminescence spectral parameters rare earths

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Atmospheric particle-bound mercury in the northern Indo-Gangetic Plain region:Insights into sources from mercury isotope analysis and influencing factors

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Geoscience Frontiers 2022年第1期13卷 85-95页

作者： Junming Guo Lekhendra Tripathee Shichang Kang Qianggong Zhang Jie Huang Chhatra mani sharma Pengfei Chen Rukumesh Paudyal Dipesh Rupakheti State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China Himalayan Environment Research Institute(HERI) KathmanduNepal Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039China Central Department of Environmental Science Tribhuvan UniversityKathmanduNepal

Lumbini is a world heritage site located in the southern plains region of Nepal, and is regarded as a potential site for evaluating transboundary air pollution due to its proximity to the border with India. In this study, 82 aerosol samples were collected between April 2013 and July 2014 to investigate the levels of particulate-bound mercury(PBm) and the corresponding seasonality, sources, and influencing *** PBm concentration in total suspended particulate(TSP) matter ranged from 6.8 pg m^(-3) to351.7 pg m^(-3)(mean of 99.7 ± 92.6 pg m^(-3)), which exceeded the ranges reported for remote and rural sites worldwide. The Hg content(PBm/TSP) ranged from 68.2 ng g^(-1) to 1744.8 ng g^(-1)(mean of 446.9 ±312.7 ng g^(-1)), indicating anthropogenic enrichment. The PBm levels were higher in the dry season(i.e.,winter and the pre-monsoon period) than in the wet season(i.e., the monsoon period). In addition, the δ^(202) Hg signature indicated that waste/coal burning and traffic were the major sources of Hg in Lumbini during the pre-monsoon period. meanwhile, precipitation occurring during photochemical processes in the atmosphere may have been responsible for the observed Δ^(199) Hg values in the aerosol samples obtained during the monsoon period. The PBm concentration was influenced mostly by the resuspension of polluted dust during dry periods and crop residue burning during the post-monsoon period. The estimated PBm deposition flux at Lumbini was 15.7 lg m^(-2) yr^(-1). This study provides a reference dataset of atmospheric PBm over a year, which can be useful for understanding the geochemical cycling of Hg in this region of limited data.

关键词： Particle-bound mercury Seasonality mercury isotopes Deposition flux Indo-Gangetic Plain

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Effects of of Habitats and Pesticides on Aerobic Capacity and Survival of Soil Fauna

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2005年第3期18卷 169-175页

作者： G. TRIPATHI B. m. sharma Department of Zoology J. N. Vyas University Jodhpur-342 001 IndiaDepartment of Zoology J. N. Vyas University Jodhpur-342 001 India

Objective Faunal health is largely dependent on their soil environment and available litter quality. So the effects of different soil habitats and pesticides on citrate synthase (CS) activity of soil fauna and its population were studied. methods The soil animals were collected from different pedoecosystems for habitat study. Whereas Vigna radiata based system was selected for pesticidal observations. The field was divided into five equal plots for control and treatment of γ-BHC, quinalphos, carbaryl and cypermethrin. Soil fauna was collected by quadrat method and extracted by Tullgren funnel. Individuals of a species having similar sizes were collected for the estimation of CS activity. They were homogenized and fractions were obtained by differential centrifugation. The activity of CS was assayed spectrophotometrically. Results Citrate synthase (CS) activity of beetle (Rasphytus fregi), woodlouse (Porcellio laevis) and centipede (Scolopendra morsitans) varied significantly with respect to changes in different soil habitats. Though the CS activity of R. fregi, P. laevis, and S. morsitans differed among themselves but the highest activity of CS in these animals was in V. radiata and lowest in A. nilotica based pedoecosystem. The aerobic capacity of centipede was maximum followed by woodlouse and beetle. The treatment of γ-BHC, quinalphos, carbaryl and cypermethrin significantly reduced the CS activity of these animals. γ-BHC showed maximum reduction in CS activity indicating highly toxic effect of organochlorine on aerobic metabolism of soil fauna. However, minimum reduction was observed in response to carbaryl (in beetle) or cypermethrin (in woodlouse/centipede) leading to impairment of aerobic capacity. The differences in pesticide effects might be assigned to the differences in chemical nature of pesticides and their interactions with below-ground fauna. Treatment of γ-BHC and quinalphos reduced the population of Acari, Coleoptera, Collembola, other arthropods as

关键词： Citrate synthase Habitat Pesticide Soil fauna and desert

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