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Effective Diagnosis of Lung Cancer via Various Data-Mining Techniques

Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing 2023年第4期36卷 415-428页

作者： subramanian kanageswari D.Gladis Irshad Hussain Sultan S.Alshamrani Abdullah Alshehri Bharathiar University Coimbatore641046India Bharathi Women’s College Chennai600108India Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Engineering and TechnologyPeshawar25000PeshawarPakistan Department of Information Technology College of Computer and Information TechnologyTaif UniversityP.O.Box 11099Taif21944Saudi Arabia Department of Information Technology Al Baha UniversityP.O.Box 1988Al Baha65431Saudi Arabia

One of the leading cancers for both genders worldwide is lung *** occurrence of lung cancer has fully augmented since the early 19th *** this manuscript,we have discussed various data mining techniques that have been employed for cancer *** to air pollution has been related to various adverse health *** work is subject to analysis of various air pollutants and associated health hazards and intends to evaluate the impact of air pollution caused by lung *** have introduced data mining in lung cancer to air pollution,and our approach includes preprocessing,data mining,testing and evaluation,and knowledge ***,we will eradicate the noise and irrelevant data,and following that,we will join the multiple informed sources into a common *** that source,we will designate the information relevant to our investigation to be regained from that *** that,we will convert the designated data into a suitable mining *** patterns are abstracted by utilizing a relational suggestion rule mining *** patterns have revealed information,and this information is categorized with the help of an Auto Associative Neural Network classiﬁcation method(AANN).The proposed method is compared with the existing method in various *** conclusion,the projected Auto associative neural network and relational suggestion rule mining methods accomplish a high accuracy status.

关键词： Relational association rule mining auto associative neural network preprocessing data mining biological neural network

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Experimental Investigation for NO_x Emission Reduction in Hydrogen Fueled Spark Ignition Engine Using Spark Timing Retardation, Exhaust Gas Recirculation and Water Injection Techniques

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Journal of Thermal Science 2019年第4期28卷 789-800页

作者： JEERAGAL Ramesh K.A.subramanian Engines and Unconventional Fuels Laboratory Centre for Energy Studies IIT Delhi

The experimental tests were carried out on a single cylinder hydrogen fueled spark ignition(SI)generator set with different spark timings(4-20℃A bTDC),exhaust gas recirculation(EGR)up to 28% by volume and water injection up to 1.95 kg/h(maximum water to fuel mass ratio of 8:1).The engine speed was kept constant of 3000 r/*** NOx emission and thermal efficiency of engine with gasoline and hydrogen fuel operation at 1.4 kW power output are 5 g/kWh and 12.1 g/kWh,and 15% and 20.9% *** order to reduce the NOx emission at source level,retarding spark timing,exhaust gas recirculation(EGR),and water injection techniques were *** emission decreased with spark timing retardation,EGR,and water *** emission with hydrogen at 1.4 kW power output decreased from 12.1 g/kWh with maximum brake torque(MBT)spark timing(10℃A bTDC)to 8.1 g/kWh with retarded spark timing(4℃A bTDC)due to decrease in the in-cylinder peak pressure and *** Nox emission decreased to 6.1 g/kWh with 20% EGR due to thermal and chemical dilution ***,thermal efficiency decreased about 33% and 17% with spark timing retardation and 20EGR respectively as compared to that of MBT spark ***,in the case of water injection,the NOx emission decreased significantly without affecting the thermal efficiency of the engine and it is 5.6 g/kWh with water-hydrogen ratio of 4:1(water flow rate of 0.92 kg/h).Water injection is the best suitable method to reduce the NOx emission in a hydrogen fueled engine compared with the spark timing retardation and EGR technique.

关键词： hydrogen spark ignition engine spark timing exhaust gas recirculation NOx emission water injection

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Local outlier factor and stronger one class classifier based hierarchical model for detection of attacks in network intrusion detection dataset

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Frontiers of Computer Science 2016年第4期10卷 755-766页

作者： Alampallam Ramaswamy VASUDEVAN subramanian SELVAKUMAR CDBR-SSE Lab Department of Computer Science and Engineering National Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli (NITT) Tiruchirappalli 620015 India

Identification of attacks by a network intrusion detection system （NIDS） is an important task. In signature or rule based detection, the previously encountered attacks are modded, and signatures/rules are extracted. These rules are used to detect such attacks in future, but in anomaly or outlier detection system, the normal network traffic is modeled. Any deviation from the normal model is deemed to be an outlier/attack. Data mining and machine learning techniques are widely used in offline NIDS. Unsupervised and supervised learning techniques differ the way NIDS dataset is treated. The characteristic features of unsupervised and supervised learning are finding patterns in data, detecting outliers, and determining a learned function for input features, generalizing the data instances respectively. The intuition is that if these two techniques are combined, better performance may be obtained. Hence, in this paper the advantages of unsupervised and supervised techniques are inherited in the proposed hierarchical model and devised into three stages to detect attacks in NIDS dataset. NIDS dataset is clustered using Dirichiet process （DP） clustering based on the underlying data distribution. Iteratively on each cluster, local denser areas are identified using local outlier factor （LOF） which in turn is discretized into four bins of separation based on LOF score. Further, in each bin the normal data instances are modeled using one class classifier （OCC）. A combination of Density Estimation method, Reconstruction method, and Boundary methods are used for OCC model. A product rule combination of the three methods takes into consideration the strengths of each method in building a stronger OCC model. Any deviation from this model is considered as an attack. Experiments are conducted on KDD CUP＇99 and SSENet-2011 datasets. The results show that the proposed model is able to identify attacks with higher detection rate and low false alarms.

关键词： hierarchical model DP clustering LOF Dis-cretizer one class classifier NIDS

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Tribological response of waste tire rubber as micro-fillers in automotive brake lining materials

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Friction 2020年第6期8卷 1153-1168页

作者： Anand PAI Sayikumar subramanian Tribhuvan SOOD Department of Aeronautical and Automobile Engineering Manipal Institute of TechnologyManipal Academy of Higher Education ManipalKarnataka 576104lIndia Cranfield University CranfieldMilton KeynesBedfordshire MK430ALUK

Elastomeric materials show promise as potential micro-fillers in brake *** can provide vibration damping and acoustic advantages in intermittent and abrupt impact applications such as *** elastomeric material can be salvaged from non-biodegradable automotive tires,thereby providing an opportunity to reuse materials that will otherwise be discarded in *** tribological and thermomechanical performances of the waste tire rubber were assessed to determine their potential for use as micro-fillers in the brake linings of commercial vehicles with a gross weight less than 16 ***,the brake lining materials were fabricated with fine waste tire rubber particulates(WTRPs)as the micro-fillers,phenolic-R resin as the binder,graphite as the dry lubricant,laterite as the co-filler,and coconut coir for natural fiber *** effects of increasing the WTRP weight fraction on the brake response of the linings were analyzed,and the different compositions were benchmarked against a commercial brake *** characterization comprising compressive strength,hardness,density,and porosity studies were carried *** and wear characteristics of the linings were analyzed using a rotary tribometer with simultaneous thermal *** manufactured lining with 15 wt%WTRPs exhibited a mean friction coefficient of^0.38,a specific volumetric loss rate of 1,662μm3/(N?m),and improved thermal *** optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy(SEM)with energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS),wear surface morphology studies compared the relative development of primary and secondary plateaus and revealed the redistribution of wear debris,leading to the stability of the coefficient of friction.

关键词： automotive brakes elastomers graphite energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS) scanning electron microscopy(SEM) wear mechanisms

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Adaptive control of a class of nonlinear time-varying systems with multiple models

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Control Theory and Technology 2016年第4期14卷 323-334页

作者： Koshy GEORGE Karpagavalli subramanian PES Centre for Intelligent Systems Department of Telecommunication Engineering PES Institute of Technology Bangalore India PES Centre for Intelligent Systems Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering PES University Bangalore India

The adaptive control of nonlinear systems that are linear in the unknown but time-varying parameters are treated in this paper. Since satisfactory transient performance is an important factor, multiple models are required as these parameters change abruptly in the parameter space. In this paper we consider both the multiple models with switching and tuning methodology as well as multiple models with second level adaptation for this class of systems. We demonstrate that the latter approach is better than the former.

关键词： Nonlinear time-varying systems adaptive control multiple models

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Little RNAs Go a Long Way:Long-Distance Signaling by MicroRNAs

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Molecular Plant 2019年第1期12卷 18-20页

作者： Senthil subramanian Department of Agronomy Horticultureand Plant ScienceDepartment of Biology &MicrobiologySouth Dakota State UniversityBrookingsSD 57007 USA

Plants have evolved morphological,physiological,and molecular adaptations to respond to and overcome environmental *** these fluctuations are sensed locally,coordinated responses occur at the whole plant level,necessitating specific and tightly controlled long-distance signaling mechanisms. These involve sugars,RNAs,secreted peptides,and plant hormones as signaling molecules.

关键词： Plants level RNAs

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Should we recycle the graphite from spent lithium-ion batteries?The untold story of graphite with the importance of recycling

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第8期31卷 351-369,I0010页

作者： subramanian Natarajan Madhusoodhanan Lathika Divya Vanchiappan Aravindan Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Education and Research(IISER)

Demand for graphite in the forthcoming years to develop Li-ion batteries(LIBs)with the goal of driving electric vehicles(EV)and its requirement in multifarious energy storage applications as an *** emerging sector of LIB-based EVs,along with portable electronics,produces an inevitable volume of batteries in the e-waste *** main reason for the lower percentage of recycling(at present,<5%)is due to the recovery of economically rich metals like Li,Ni,and ***,complete recycling technologies,including the strategic material graphite,which is available in a massive amount of spent LIBs,are urgently needed to be updated to ensure the reuse of all *** approach lifts the recycling process to develop an economic one besides the geostrategic and environmental policy ***,we summarize the importance of graphite and its demand and specify the reasons to recycle the graphite from spent LIBs along with its development as an anode in ***,the approach of the current recycling process of graphite in lab-scale and industries for various applications,including energy storage,are discussed with the highlights of future progress.

关键词： Recycling Lithium-ion batteries Graphite Anode Capacitor

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Inflammatory bowel disease: DCs sense LTB_(4) to drive T_(H)1 and T_(H)17 differentiation

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2020年第4期17卷 307-309页

作者： Bhagawat C.subramanian Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology National Cancer InstituteNIHBethesdaMD 20892USA

RESEARCH HIGHLIGHT Ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease are the two major forms of inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)in humans.1 Chronic human IBD,such as Crohn’s disease,is characterized by features such as intestinal infiltration of immune cells,inflammatory cytokine milieu,intestinal fibrosis and weight loss among others,that lead to chronic and spontaneously recurring intestinal inflammation.2 Several mouse models of IBD have been used by researchers to understand the diverse aspects related to human IBD.1,2 For example,the mouse model of intra-rectal administration of the haptenating agent,2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid(TNBS),which induces mucosal immunity to colonic immunogenic proteins in the host,recapitulates key immunological responses observed in Crohn’s disease,such as cytokine secretion patterns,intestinal fibrosis,and immune intolerance.2 The innate immune response is critical to initiate the cytokines production that prime T-cell differentiation in the TNBS *** polarized T-cell responses are hallmarks of IBD and in the TNBS model T_(H)1 and T_(H)17-cell responses predominate as is observed with the signature cytokine secretion profile of IL12/IFNγand IL23/IL17,respectively.

关键词： cytokine immunity TNBS

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Effect of Processing Parameters on Crystal Orientation of Microstructure in High Niobium-Bearing Microalloyed Steel

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2011年第S1期18卷 466-470页

作者： subramanian S V McMaster University HamiltonOntarioCanada

The present studies are aimed at understanding the effect of cooling rate and prior strain on the evolution of morphology,orientation relationship (OR) and variant selection in pipeline steel with 0.09wt% *** identical prior austenite grain,all products include granular bainite(GB) by coherent transformation,keep orientation relationship (OR) with parent *** cooling and large deformation below T nr both can raise drive force of coherent transformation and weaken variants selection,and it can generate higher frequency of high angle boundaries (HABs) (≥15degree).Moreover,large deformation by few passes below T nr can accelerate nucleation of ferrite grains at the austenite boundary by incoherent *** fine grains haven’t OR with prior austenite grain in any side of boundary,and exhibit significant misorientations between themselves.

关键词： orientation relationship EBSD low carbon bainite microalloyed steel ferrite grain

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Clinical relevance of endoscopic assessment of inflammation in ulcerative colitis: Can endoscopic evaluation predict outcomes?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第42期22卷 9324-9332页

作者： Noor Mohammed Venkataraman subramanian Leeds Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences St James University Hospital University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT United Kingdom Department of Gastroenterology Centre for Digestive Diseases St James University Hospital Leeds Teaching Hospital NHS Trust Leeds LS9 7TF United Kingdom

Ulcerative colitis(UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel condition characterised by a relapsing and remitting course. Symptom control has been the traditional mainstay of medical treatment. It is well known that histological inflammatory activity persists despite adequate symptom control and absence of endoscopic inflammation. Current evidence suggests that presence of histological inflammation poses a greater risk of disease relapse and subsequent colorectal cancer risk. New endoscopic technologies hold promise for developing endoscopic markers of mucosal inflammation. Achieving endoscopic and histological remission appears be the future aim of medical treatments for UC. This review article aims to evaluate the use of endoscopy as a tool in assessment of mucosal inflammation UC and its correlation with disease outcomes.

关键词： Ulcerative colitis Inflammation Endoscopy Disease activity indices Mucosal healing

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