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Paddy Leaf Disease Detection Using an Optimized Deep Neural Network

Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第7期68卷 1117-1128页

作者： Shankaranarayanan Nalini Nagappan Krishnaraj Thangaiyan Jayasankar Kalimuthu Vinothkumar Antony Sagai Francis Britto Kamalraj subramaniam Chokkaligam Bharatiraja Department of Computer Science&Engineering University College of EngineeringBIT CampusAnna UniversityTiruchirappalli620024India School of Computing SRM Institute of Science and TechnologyKattankulathur603203India Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering University College of EngineeringBIT CampusAnna UniversityTiruchirappalli620024India Department of Electronics&Communication Engineering SSM Institute of Engineering and TechnologyDindigul624002India Department of Mechanical Engineering Rohini College of Engineering and TechnologyPalkulam629401India Department of ECE Karpagam Academy of Higher EducationCoimbatore641021India Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering SRM Institute of Science and TechnologyChennai603203India

Precision Agriculture is a concept of farm management which makes use of IoT and networking concepts to improve the *** diseases are one of the underlying causes in the decrease in the number of quantity and quality of the farming *** of diseases from the plant images is an active research topic which makes use of machine learning(ML)approaches.A novel deep neural network(DNN)classification model is proposed for the identification of paddy leaf disease using plant image *** errors were minimized by optimizing weights and biases in the DNN model using a crow search algorithm(CSA)during both the standard pre-training and fine-tuning *** DNN-CSA architecture enables the use of simplistic statistical learning techniques with a decreased computational workload,ensuring high classification *** leaf images were first preprocessed,and the areas indicative of disease were initially extracted using a k-means clustering *** was then applied to eliminate regions not indicative of ***,a set of features were extracted from the previously isolated diseased ***,the classification accuracy and efficiency of the proposed DNN-CSA model were verified experimentally and shown to be superior to a support vector machine with multiple cross-fold validations.

关键词： Leaf classification paddy leaf deep learning metaheuristics optimization crow search algorithm

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Studies of a possible new Herbig Ae/Be star in the open cluster NGC 7380

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2012年第2期12卷 167-176页

作者： Blesson Mathew D.P.K.Banerjee N.M.Ashok Annapurni subramaniam Bhaskaran Bhavya Vishal Joshi Astronomy and Astrophysics Division Physical Research LaboratoryNavrangapura Indian Institute of Astrophysics Cochin University of Science and Technology

We present a study of the star 2MASS J22472238＋5801214 with the aim of identifying its true nature which has hitherto been uncertain. This object, which is a member of the young cluster NGC 7380, has been variously proposed to be a Be star, a D-type symbiotic and a Herbig Ae/Be star in separate studies. Here we present optical spectroscopy, near-IR photometry and narrow band Hα imaging of the nebulosity in its environment. Analysis of all these results, including the spectral energy distribution constructed from available data, strongly indicate the source to be a Herbig Ae/Be star. The star is found to be accompanied by a nebulosity with an interesting structure. A bow-shock shaped structure, similar to a cometary nebula, is seen very close to the star with its apex oriented towards the photoionizing source of this region （i.e. the star DH Cep）. An interesting spectroscopic finding, from the forbidden [StI] 6716, 6731A and [OI] 6300A lines, is the detection of a blue-shifted high velocity outflow （200 -t-50 km s-1） from the star.

关键词： stars: emission-line - Be - stars: pre-main sequence -- stars: winds outflows -- galaxies: star clusters: individual: NGC 7380

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Assessment of the Solid Waste Disposal Method during COVID-19 Period Using the ELECTRE Ⅲ Method in an Interval-Valued q-Rung Orthopair Fuzzy Approach

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2022年第6期131卷 1229-1261页

作者： Samayan Narayanamoorthy Arumugam Anuja J.V.Brainy Thangaraj Manirathinam subramaniam Pragathi Thirumalai Nallasivan Parthasarathy Daekook Kang Department of Mathematics Bharathiar UniversityCoimbatore641046India Department of Industrial and Management Engineering Inje UniversityGimhae50834Korea

As the quantity of garbage created every day rises,solid waste management has become the world’s most important *** a result,improper solid waste disposal and major sanitary issues develop,which are only detected after they have become *** to the system’s lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic,this scenario became much more *** are at the stage to develop and execute effective waste management procedures,as well as long-term policies and forward-thinking programmes that can work even in the most adverse of *** incorporate major solid waste(organic and inorganic solid wastes)approaches that actually perform well in normal cases by reducing waste and environmental disasters;however,in such an uncertain scenario like the COVID-19 pandemic,the project automatically allows for a larger number of criteria,all of which are dealt with using fuzzy Multi-Criteria Group Decision Making(MCGDM)*** ELECTRE Ⅲ(ELimination Et Choice Translating REality-Ⅲ)approach,which is a novel decision-making strategy for determining the best way to dispose and reduce garbage by combining traditional ELECTRE Ⅲ with an interval-valued q-rung orthopair fuzzy set(IVq-ROFS),is described in detail in this *** confirm the efficacy of the recommended model,a numerical explanation is provided,as well as sensitivity and comparative ***,the findings encourage decision-makers in authorities to deliberate about the proposals before creating solid waste management policies.

关键词： MCDM organic waste inorganic waste ELECTREⅢ interval-valued q-rung orthopair fuzzy number

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A comparative study on the antioxidant activity of methanolic leaf extracts of Ficus religiosa L,Chromolaena odorata(L.) King & Rabinson,Cynodon dactylon(L.) *** Tridax procumbens L.

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2010年第5期3卷 348-350页

作者： Melinda Krishanti P Xavier Rathinam Marimuthu Kasi Diwakar Ayyalu Ramanathan Surash Kathiresan Sadasivam Sreeramanan subramaniam Department of Biotechnology Faculty of Applied SciencesAIMST University Institute for Drug Reasech Universiti Sains Malaysia School of Biological Sciences Universiti Sains Malaysia

Objective:To compare the antioxidative effects of the methanolic leaf extracts of Ficus religiosa (***),Chromolaena odorata(***),Cynodon dactylon(***) and Trida,x procumbens(***) as well as the contents of antioxidants in the ***: Total phenol and total flavanoid contents were measured according to the standard procedures. The total antioxidant capacity was determined using the phosphomolybdenum *** power was determined by the potassium ferrieyanide reducing *** free radical scavenging activity was measured by 2,2’-Diphenyl-l-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) ***: Quantitative phytochemical analysis of total phenol content showed that *** had the highest content of phenolic compounds significantly followed by ***,*** and *** for the total flavanoids content,*** had the highest content,followed by ***,*** and *** on the total antioxidant capacity revealed that ***,*** and *** showed higher total antioxidant *** showed the lowest ***,*** and *** have the highest reducing power activity followed by *** and *** results of DPPH radical scavenging activity indicated that *** induced the largest elevation as the concentration of its extract increased,followed by *** and *** and ***:The present study demonstrates the antioxidative capacity of all the four plant *** all the plants,***,a perennial weed plant showed potentially a high antioxidant activity,with higher phenolic and flavonoids *** data suggest that *** can be best utilized in developing bioantioxidants.

关键词： Chromolaena odorata Antioxidant activity Phytochemical analysis

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Preliminary investigation on the antibacterial activity of mango(Mangifera indica L:Anacardiaceae) seed kernel

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2010年第9期3卷 707-710页

作者： Jasminder Kaur Xavier Rathinam Marimuthu Kasi Khoo Miew Leng Rajasekaran Ayyalu Kathiresan S Sreeramanan subramaniam Department of Biotechnology Faculty of Applied SciencesAIMST UniversitySemeling8100 BedongKedah Darul AmanMalaysia KMCH College of Pharmacy CoimbatoreIndia School of Biological Sciences Universiti Sains Malaysia11800 USMPulau PinangMalaysia

Objective:To evaluate the antibacterial activity of the methanolic extract of mango(Mangifera indica L) seed ***:Chokanan mango seed kernel and seed kernels from assorted mango varieties were collected,cleaned,dried and *** methanolic extracts of mango seed kernel were analyzed for the phytochemical *** free radical scavenging activity was determined by 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) *** activity was evaluated by disc diffusion assay with three medically important bacterial pathogens such as methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus(***)(MRSA),Escherichia coli(***) and Vibrio vulnificus(***).Results:Qualitative phytochemical analysis indicated the presence of important phytochemical compounds such as glycosides,saponins,flavanoids, tannins and *** was no significant difference in the phytochemical content between the single and assorted mango seed ***,the free radical scavenging study indicated that the assorted mango kernels showed slighdy higher activity than the single species(P<0.05). The crude methanolic extract of mango seed kernel at a concentration of 100 mg/mL is found to have potential antimicrobial activity against MRSA and *** compared to ***. Study on the antibacterial activity also indicated that there was no significant difference in the antibacterial activity of the single and assorted mango seed kernel ***:The present study conclusively demonstrates the free radical scavenging activity and antibacterial activities of mango seed *** addition,the results also indicated that there is no significant difference in the phytochemical content and biological activity of mango kernels from single and assorted mango varieties.

关键词： Mangifera indica Seed kernel Antibacterial activity Phytochemical analysis

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Zinc alpha 2 glycoprotein(ZAG):A potential novel pharmacological target in diabetic retinopathy

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BIOCELL 2023年第7期47卷 1473-1482页

作者： UMAPATHY PRAKASH subramaniam RAJESH BHARATHIDEVI RAMYA RNADIG RAJIV R.AMAN GIRISH SHIV RAO MUNA BHENDE R.S.Mehta Jain Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology KNBIRVOVision Research FoundationSankara NethralayaChennai600006India Shri Bhagwan Mahavir Vitreoretinal Services Sankara NethralayaChennai600006India

Zinc alpha 2 glycoprotein(ZAG)is a 41 KDa secretory soluble glycoprotein found in different body fluids like the serum,saliva,sweat,breast milk,and *** is also found in tissues like the testis,epididymis,kidney,spleen,liver,lungs,heart,and *** is an adipokine with multiple roles,including lipid mobilization,modulating glucose metabolisms,improving insulin sensitivity,inhibiting tumor proliferation through RNAse activity,and suppressing *** levels of zinc and ZAG are linked to metabolic syndrome and are also reported as potential biomarkers for diabetic *** zinc has been found to regulate the binding of ZAG to fatty *** on very few reports on the vitreous ZAG and based on its known functions,we speculate that ZAG has a potential role in diabetic *** this article,we discuss the structural component of the protein,its secretion from various tissues,and its distribution in multiple tissues in normal and disease conditions,especially in diabetes and its complications.

关键词： ZAG Lipolysis Inflammation Insulin resistance

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Mosquito larvicidal and pupicidal activity of Euphorbia hirta Linn.(Family:Euphorbiaceae) and Bacillus sphaericus against Anopheles stephensi Liston.(Diptera:Culicidae)

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2013年第2期6卷 102-109页

作者： C.Panneerselvam K.Murugan K.Kovendan P.Mahesh Kumar J.subramaniam DRDO-BU Center for Life Sciences Bharathiar UniversityCoimbatore-641046Tamil NaduIndia Division of Entomology Department of ZoologySchool of Life Sciences.Bharathiar UniversityCoimbatore-641046Tamil NaduIndia

Objective:To explore the larvicidal and pupicidal activity of Euphorbia hirta（***） leaf extract and Bacillus sphaericus（***） against the malarial *** siephensi（An. stephensi）.Methods:The larvicidal and pupicidal activity was assayed against *** at various concentrations ranging from（75-375 ppm） under the laboratory as well as field conditions. The LC50 and LC90 value of the *** leaf extract was determined by probit ***: The plant extract showed larvicidal effects after 24 h of exposure;however,the highest larval mortality was found in the methanol extract of *** against the first to fourth instars larvae and pupae of values LC50=137.40,172.65,217.81,269.37 and 332.39 ppm;*** against the first to fourth instars larvae and pupae of values LC50= 44.29,55.83,68.51,82.19 and 95.55 ppm, ***,combined treatment of values of LC50= 79.13,80.42,86.01,93.00 and 98.12 ppm,*** mortality was observed in the ***:These results suggest methanol leaf extracts of *** and *** have potential to be used as an ideal ecofriendly approach for the control of the malarial *** as target species of vector control *** study provides the first report on the combined mosquito larvicidal and pupicidal activity of this plant crude extract and bacterial toxin against *** mosquitoes.

关键词： Euphorbia hirta Anopheles stephensi Bacillus sphaericus Larvicidal and pupicidal activity Field trial Malarial vector

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Practical configured microtremor array measurements(MAMs)for the geological investigation of underground space

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Underground Space 2021年第3期6卷 240-251页

作者： Taeseo Ku subramaniam Palanidoss Yunhuo Zhang Sung-Woo Moon Xiao Wei Ean Seong Huang Jeyatharan Kumarasamy Kok Hun Goh Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering National University of SingaporeSingapore Geotechnical and Tunnel Division Land Transport AuthoritySingapore Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Nazarbayev UniversityKazakhstan Geosystems Land Transport AuthoritySingapore Infrastructure Design and Land Land Transport AuthoritySingapore

Underground space utilization is becoming increasingly essential for modern metropolitan cities such as *** a soil/rock interface using traditional borehole investigation methods is expensive and difficult,owing to the numerous physical constraints within a built-up *** are often far apart,resulting in many unforeseen ground conditions during subsequent *** methods are sometimes employed as possible alternatives for fast,economical,and efficient bedrock *** goal of this study is to investigate the practical details of applying microtremor array measurement(MAM)as a non-invasive surface wave survey for mapping soil/rock interfaces in *** configurations in field data acquisition are examined,and practical recommendations for array construction are *** addition,30 in situ MAM tests are carried out for two major geological formations in *** the results,a standard shear wave velocity(V_(s))of 500 m/s is found to be suitable for interpreting the soil/rock interface,for the Bukit Timah Granite and Jurong ***,the method does not predict well when soft Kallang formation deposits are *** limitations are also discussed in the later parts of this *** and practical recommendations are discussed,providing constructive guidance to the *** proposed Vs-based method and associated guidelines and limitations can be used to create a digital geological database and are especially useful for rock profiling in an urban environment.

关键词： Array configuration MAM Non-invasive site investigation Soil/rock interface Surface wave survey

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A Case of Suicide with Multiple Stab Wounds

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Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine 2019年第3期5卷 164-167页

作者： Ganesh Raj Selvaraja Poh Kuang Jih Kunasilan subramaniam Norliza Binti Ibrahim Department of Forensic Medicine Sarawak General HospitalKuchingMalaysia

Multiple stab wounds are very common features of homicidal *** common findings differentiating homicidal and suicidal stabbing are well described in the medical *** the features mentioned are location,shape,and direction of the *** features are vital in differentiating suicide from ***,this case has an unusual *** discuss the importance of interpretation and differentiation of the stab wounds to determine the manner of death and facilitate the investigation.A 29‑year‑old male presented with multiple stab *** was no witness at the time of the *** body was discovered in his room with pools of blood.A knife was present on his *** tentative cuts were present on the *** investigation and postmortem examination determined the cause and manner of death.

关键词： Manner of death multiple stab wounds postmortem

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Test Selection on Extended Finite State Machines with Provable Guarantees

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Journal of Software Engineering and Applications 2013年第9期6卷 500-510页

作者： Bo Guo Mahadevan subramaniam Department of Computer Science University of Nebraska Omaha Omaha USA Department of Computer Science University of Nebraska Omaha Omaha USA.

Building high confidence regression test suites to validate new system versions is a challenging problem. A modelbased approach to build a regression test suite from a given test suite is described. The generated test suite includes every test that will traverse a change performed to produce the new version, and consists of only such tests to reduce the testing costs. Finite state machines extended with typed variables (EFSMs) are used to model systems and system changes are mapped to EFSM transition changes adding/deleting/replacing EFSM transitions and states. Tests are a sequence of input and expected output messages with concrete parameter values over the supported data types. An invariant is formulated to characterize tests whose runtime behavior can be accurately predicted by analyzing their descriptions along with the model. Incremental procedures to efficiently evaluate the invariant and to select tests for regression are developed. Overlaps among the test descriptions are exploited to extend the approach to simultaneously select multiple tests to reduce the test selection costs. Effectiveness of the approach is demonstrated by applying it to several protocols, Web services, and model programs extracted from a popular testing benchmark. Our experimental results show that the proposed approach is economical for regression test selection in all these examples. For all these examples, the proposed approach is able to identify all tests exercising changes more efficiently than brute-force symbolic evaluation.

关键词： Formal Methods Model-Based Software Testing Regression Testing Extended Finite State Machines

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