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Characteristics of viral specimens collected from asymptomatic and fatal cases of COVID-19

The Journal of Biomedical Research 2020年第6期34卷 431-436页

作者： Andrew J.Gorzalski Paul Hartley Chris Laverdure Heather Kerwin Richard Tillett subhash verma Cyprian Rossetto Sergey Morzunov Stephanie Van Hooser Mark W.Pandori Nevada State Public Health Laboratory RenoNV 89597USA Nevada Genomics Center RenoNV 89557USA Washoe County Health District RenoNV 89512USA Nevada Institute of Personalized Medicine University of Nevada Las VegasLas VegasNV 89154-4022USA Nevada Center for Bioinformatics University of Nevada RenoRenoNV 89557USA Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of NevadaReno School of MedicineRenoNV 89557USA. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of NevadaReno School of MedicineRenoNV 89557USA.

We sought to determine the characteristics of viral specimens associated with fatal cases,asymptomatic cases and non-fatal symptomatic cases of *** included the analysis of 1264 specimens found reactive for at least two SARS-CoV-2 specific loci from people screened for infection in Northern Nevada in March-May of *** these,30 were specimens from fatal cases,while 23 were from positive,asymptomatic *** assessed the relative amounts of SARS-CoV-2 RNA from sample swabs by real-time PCR and use of the threshold crossing value(Ct).Moreover,we compared the amount of human RNase P found on the same swabs.A considerably higher viral load was found to be associated with swabs from cases involving fatality and the difference was found to be strongly statistically *** this difference,we sought to assess whether any genetic correlation could be found in association with virus from fatal cases using whole genome *** no common genetic elements were discerned,one branch of epidemiologically linked fatal cases did have two point mutations,which no other of 156 sequenced cases from northern Nevada *** mutations caused amino acid changes in the 3′-5′exonuclease protein,and the product of the gene,orf8.

关键词： COVID-19 SARS-COV-2 real-time PCR Ct value viral load

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Genomic surveillance of Nevada patients revealed prevalence of unique SARS-CoV-2 variants bearing mutations in the RdRp gene

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2021年第1期48卷 40-51页

作者： Paul D.Hartley Richard L.Tillett David P.AuCoin Joel R.Sevinsky Yanji Xu Andrew Gorzalski Mark Pandori Erin Buttery Holly Hansen Michael A.Picker Cyprian C.Rossetto subhash C.verma Nevada Genomics Center RenoNV 89557USA University of Nevada RenoRenoNV 89557USA Nevada Institute of Personalized Medicine University of NevadaLas VegasNV 89154USA Department of Microbiology&Immunology University of NevadaReno School of MedicineRenoNV 89557USA Theiagen Consulting LLCHighlands RanchCO 80128USA Nevada Center for Bioinformatics RenoNV 89557USA Nevada State Public Health Laboratory RenoNV 89503USA Southern Nevada Public Health Laboratory of the Southern Nevada Health District Las VegasNV 89107USA

Patients with signs of COVID-19 were tested through diagnostic RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2 using RNA extracted from the nasopharyngeal/nasal *** determine the variants of SARS-CoV-2 circulating in the state of Nevada,specimens from 200 COVID-19 patients were sequenced through our robust sequencing platform,which enabled sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 from specimens with even very low viral loads,without the need of culture-based *** genome coverage allowed the identification of single and multi-nucleotide variants in SARS-CoV-2 in the community and their phylogenetic relationships with other variants present during the same period of the *** report the occurrence of a novel mutation at 323aa (314aa of orf1b) of nsp12 (RNA-dependent RNA polymerase) changed to phenylalanine(F) from proline (P),in the first reported isolate of SARS-CoV-2,*** 323F variant was present at a very high frequency in Northern *** modeling determined this mutation in the interface domain,which is important for the association of accessory proteins required for the *** conclusion,we report the introduction of specific SARS-CoV-2 variants at very high frequency in distinct geographic locations,which is important for understanding the evolution and circulation of SARS-CoV-2variants of public health importance,while it circulates in humans.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 Genome enrichment nsp12 RdRp orf1b 314

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The role and significance of Magnesium in modern day research-A review

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2022年第1期10卷 1-65页

作者： S V Satya Prasad S B Prasad Kartikey verma Raghvendra Kumar Mishra Vikas Kumar subhash Singh Department of Production and Industrial Engineering National Institute of Technology JamshedpurJharkhand831014India Department of Chemical Engineering Indian Institute of TechnologyKanpur208016India Enhanced Composites and Structures Center School of AerospaceTransport and ManufacturingCranfield UniversityBedfordshire MK43 OALUK Department of Automotive Technology Mechanical Department DivisionFederal TVET instituteAddis AbabaEthiopia

Magnesium is one of the largely available elements in the earth’s crust. It has a low structural density with high specific strength. This unique material property has forced an increase in the use of magnesium and its alloys in various applications pertaining to industrial sector,automobiles, aerospace and biomedical. Since magnesium is a highly reactive metal, it is prone to higher rate of corrosion as compared to its counterparts. Thus, it is essential to analyze the corrosion behavior of magnesium and its alloys in its applications. An appropriate process is to be followed in the design and development of magnesium alloys which overcome the limitations of magnesium and enhance the desired material properties in accordance to their applications. This review paper summarizes the importance of magnesium and its material properties. The influence of various alloying elements on the mechanical properties of magnesium is reviewed. The broad classification of Mg alloys and their behavioral trends are detailed. The corrosion behavior of magnesium and the influence of corrosion products on the material characteristics of magnesium, in aqueous medium, are discussed. The manufacturing techniques of magnesium alloys along with the secondary techniques are also covered. The various applications and the limitations of magnesium in these applications are covered. A complete section is dedicated towards detailing the recent trends of magnesium(Mg) alloys, i.e., the biodegradable nature and applications of Mg alloys. The influence of biocorrosion on Mg alloys and techniques to overcome it have been deliberated. This paper provides a thorough review on recent developments of magnesium with respect to engineering applications.

关键词： Magnesium alloys Biodegradable alloys Magnesium corrosion Biocorrosion

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Laser-induced periodic surface structured electrodes with 45% energy saving in electrochemical fuel generation through field localization

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Opto-Electronic Advances 2022年第11期5卷 29-44页

作者： Chaudry Sajed Saraj subhash C.Singh Gopal verma Rahul A Rajan Wei Li Chunlei Guo GPL Photonics Lab State Key Laboratory of Applied OpticsChangchun Institute of OpticsFine Mechanics and PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesChangchun 130033China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences(UCAS) Beijing 100049China The Institute of Optics University of RochesterRochesterNY 14627USA

Electrochemical oxidation/reduction of radicals is a green and environmentally friendly approach to generating *** reactions,however,suffer from sluggish kinetics due to a low local concentration of radicals around the electrocatalyst.A large applied electrode potential can enhance the fuel generation efficiency via enhancing the radical concentration around the electrocatalyst sites,but this comes at the cost of ***,we report about a~45%saving in energy to achieve an electrochemical hydrogen generation rate of 3×10^(16) molecules cm^(–2)s^(–1)(current density:10 mA/cm^(2))through localized electric field-induced enhancement in the reagent concentration(LEFIRC)at laser-induced periodic surface structured(LIPSS)*** finite element model is used to simulate the spatial distribution of the electric field to understand the effects of LIPSS geometric parameters in field *** the LIPSS patterned electrodes are used as substrates to support Pt/C and RuO_(2) electrocatalysts,the η_(10) overpotentials for HER and OER are decreased by 40.4 and 25%,***,the capability of the LIPSS-patterned electrodes to operate at significantly reduced energy is also demonstrated in a range of electrolytes,including alkaline,acidic,neutral,and ***,when two LIPSS patterned electrodes were assembled as the anode and cathode into a cell,it requires 330 mVs of lower electric potential with enhanced stability over a similar cell made of pristine electrodes to drive a current density of 10 mA/cm^(2).This work demonstrates a physical and versatile approach of electrode surface patterning to boost electrocatalytic fuel generation performance and can be applied to any metal and semiconductor catalysts for a range of electrochemical reactions.

关键词： electric field localization hotspot formation laser-induced periodic surface structures electrochemical fuel generation overall water splitting

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A New Method of Mosaicking Context Camera (CTX) Images for the Geomorphological Study of Martian Landscape

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Open Journal of Geology 2021年第8期11卷 373-380页

作者： Anil Chavan Subham Sarkar Adarsh Thakkar subhash Bhandari Department of Earth and Environment Science Krantiguru Shyamji Krishna Verma Kachchh University Bhuj India Space Applications Centre Indian Space Research Organization Ahmedabad India

Various spacecraft and satellites from the world’s best space agencies are exploring Mars since 1970, constantly with great ability to capture the maximum amount of dataset for a better understanding of the red planet. In this paper, we propose a new method for making a mosaic of Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) spacecraft payload Context Camera (CTX) images. In this procedure, we used ERDAS Imagine for image rectification and mosaicking as a tool for image processing, which is a new and unique method of generating a mosaic of thousands of CTX images to visualize the large-scale areas. The output product will be applicable for mapping of Martian geomorphological features, 2D mapping of the linear feature with high resolution, crater counting, and morphometric analysis to a certain extent.

关键词： Mosaicking ERDAS Imagine Context Camera (CTX) Images Mapping

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