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Critical Update on the Diagnosis and Management of COVID-19 in Advanced Cirrhosis and Liver Transplant Recipients

Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2021年第6期9卷 947-959页

作者： Cyriac Abby Philips Mohamed Rela Arvinder Singh Soin subhash gupta Sudhindran Surendran Philip Augustine Department of Clinical and Translational Hepatology and The Monarch Liver Laboratory The Liver InstituteCenter of Ex-cellence in Gastrointestinal SciencesRajagiri HospitalAluvaKeralaIndia Institute of Liver Disease and Liver Trans-plantation Dr.Rela Institute&Medical CentreBharath Institute of Higher Education and ResearchChennaiIndia In-stitute of Liver Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine MedantaThe MedicityGurgaonIndia Max Centre for Liver and Biliary Sciences Max Saket HospitalNew DelhiIndia Gastrointestinal Surgery and Solid Organ Transplantation Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research CentreAmrita Vishwa VidyapeethamKochiKeralaIndia Gastroen-terology and Advanced GI Endoscopy Center of Excellence in Gastrointestinal SciencesRajagiri HospitalAluvaKeralaIndia

The novel coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic has impacted health care worldwide,with specific patient populations,such as those with diabetes,cardiovascular disease,and chronic lung disease,at higher risk of infection and others at higher risk of disease progression.Patients with decompensated cirrhosis fall into the latter category and are a unique group that require specific treatment and management decisions because they can develop acute-on-chronic liver failure.In liver transplant recipients,the atypical immunity profile due to immunosuppression protects against downstream inflammatory responses triggered by COVID-19.This exhaustive review discusses the outcomes associated with COVID-19 in patients with advanced cirrhosis and in liver transplant recipients.We focus on the immunopathogenesis of COVID-19,its correlation with the pathogenesis of advanced liver disease,and the effect of immunosuppression in liver transplant recipients to provide insight into the outcomes of this unique patient population.

关键词： Coronavirus Cirrhosis Portal hypertension Acute-on-chronic liver failure Sepsis Hepatic encephalopathy Multiple-organ failure Critical care

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Primary pediatric mid-brain lymphoma:Report of a rare pediatric tumor in a rare location

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2016年第12期4卷 419-422页

作者： Rony Benson Supriya Mallick Suvendu Purkait Vaishali Suri K P Haresh subhash gupta Dayanand Sharma Pramod Kumar Julka Goura Kishore Rath Department of Radiotherapy All India Institute of Medical Sciences Department of Radiation Oncology All India Institute of Medical Sciences Department of Pathology All India Institute of Medical Sciences

Primary central nervous system lymphoma(PCNSL) is a rare disease in pediatric age group. A thirteen-yearold male child presented with complaints of headache for six months, vomiting and diplopia for three days. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed a single lesion of 1.7 cm × 1.6 cm × 1.6 cm in the mid brain and tectum. He underwent a gross total resection of the tumor. The histopathological evaluation revealed B cell high grade non Hodgkin lymphoma. The patient was treated with High dose methotrexate and cranio spinal radiation. The patient was alive without disease 12 mo after completion of treatment. This case highlights importance of keeping PCNSL as differential in brain stem lesions of pediatric patients also. Radiation and chemotherapy remains the most important treatment for such patients.

关键词： Primary Midbrain Lymphoma Paediatric

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On dry machining of AZ31B magnesium alloy using textured cutting tool inserts

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第4期12卷 1608-1618页

作者： Shailendra Pawanr Kapil gupta Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Technology University of JohannesburgDoornfontein CampusJohannesburg 2028 South Africa

Magnesium alloys have many advantages as lightweight materials for engineering applications,especially in the fields of automotive and aerospace.They undergo extensive cutting or machining while making products out of them.Dry cutting,a sustainable machining method,causes more friction and adhesion at the tool-chip interface.One of the promising solutions to this problem is cutting tool surface texturing,which can reduce tool wear and friction in dry cutting and improve machining performance.This paper aims to investigate the impact of dimple textures(made on the flank face of cutting inserts)on tool wear and chip morphology in the dry machining of AZ31B magnesium alloy.The results show that the cutting speed was the most significant factor affecting tool flank wear,followed by feed rate and cutting depth.The tool wear mechanism was examined using scanning electron microscope(SEM)images and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS)analysis reports,which showed that at low cutting speed,the main wear mechanism was abrasion,while at high speed,it was adhesion.The chips are discontinuous at low cutting speeds,while continuous at high cutting speeds.The dimple textured flank face cutting tools facilitate the dry machining of AZ31B magnesium alloy and contribute to ecological benefits.

关键词： Magnesium alloy Dry machining Textured tools Flank wear Sustainability

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Multi-head neural networks for simulating particle breakage dynamics

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Theoretical & Applied Mechanics Letters 2024年第2期14卷 130-141页

作者： Abhishek gupta Barada Kanta Mishra School of Mechanical Sciences Indian Institute of Technology(IIT)GoaPonda 403401India School of Chemical and Materials Science Indian Institute of Technology(IIT)GoaPonda 403401India

The breakage of brittle particulate materials into smaller particles under compressive or impact loads can be modelled as an instantiation of the population balance integro-differential equation.In this paper,the emerging computational science paradigm of physics-informed neural networks is studied for the first time for solving both linear and nonlinear variants of the governing dynamics.Unlike conventional methods,the proposed neural network provides rapid simulations of arbitrarily high resolution in particle size,predicting values on arbitrarily fine grids without the need for model retraining.The network is assigned a simple multi-head architecture tailored to uphold monotonicity of the modelled cumulative distribution function over particle sizes.The method is theoretically analyzed and validated against analytical results before being applied to real-world data of a batch grinding mill.The agreement between laboratory data and numerical simulation encourages the use of physics-informed neural nets for optimal planning and control of industrial comminution processes.

关键词： Particle breakage dynamics Population balance equation Physics-informed neural networks

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Direct scaling of residual displacements for bilinear and pinching oscillators

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2024年第1期23卷 129-149页

作者： Mohammad Saifullah Vinay K.gupta Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology KanpurKanpur 208016India

The estimation of residual displacements in a structure due to an anticipated earthquake event has increasingly become an important component of performance-based earthquake engineering because controlling these displacements plays an important role in ensuring cost-feasible or cost-effective repairs in a damaged structure after the event.An attempt is made in this study to obtain statistical estimates of constant-ductility residual displacement spectra for bilinear and pinching oscillators with 5%initial damping,directly in terms of easily available seismological,site,and model parameters.None of the available models for the bilinear and pinching oscillators are useful when design spectra for a seismic hazard at a site are not available.The statistical estimates of a residual displacement spectrum are proposed in terms of earthquake magnitude,epicentral distance,site geology parameter,and three model parameters for a given set of ductility demand and a hysteretic energy capacity coefficient in the case of bilinear and pinching models,as well as for a given set of pinching parameters for displacement and strength at the breakpoint in the case of pinching model alone.The proposed scaling model is applicable to horizontal ground motions in the western U.S.for earthquake magnitudes less than 7 or epicentral distances greater than 20 km.

关键词： residual displacement spectrum bilinear hysteresis model pinching hysteresis model nonlinear analysis scaling model

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Prediabetes in children and adolescents:A ticking bomb!

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World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics 2024年第2期13卷 11-15页

作者： Anju gupta Nitin Choudhary Nishkarsh gupta Department of Anesthesiology Pain Medicine and Critical CareAll India Institute of Medical ScienceNew Delhi 110076India Department of Onco-Anesthesiology and Palliative Medicine All India Institute of Medical ScienceNew Delhi 110029India

Prediabetes in children and adolescents is on the rise which has drawn significant attention over the past decade.It is an early warning sign of the underlying pathophysiological changes which in due course of time might compound into type II diabetes mellitus.The incidence of prediabetes in adolescents ranges from 4%-23%which is alarmingly high and requires active intervention from the system.We have discussed early identification of high-risk patients,prompt screening and active intervention to manage this growing problem.

关键词： Prediabetes Children Adolescents Glucose metabolism Complications

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Hepatocellular carcinoma immune microenvironment and check point inhibitors-current status

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World Journal of Hepatology 2024年第3期16卷 353-365页

作者： Tarana gupta Nikhil Sai Jarpula Division of Hepatology Department of MedicinePandit Bhagwat Dayal Sharma Post Graduate Institute of Medical SciencesRohtak 124001HaryanaIndia

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the most common primary tumor of the liver and has a high mortality rate.The Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer staging system in addition to tumor staging also links the modality of treatment available to a particular stage.The recent description of the tumor microenvironment(TME)in HCC has provided a new concept of immunogenicity within the HCC.Virusrelated HCC has been shown to be more immunogenic with higher expression of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and decreased elements for immunosuppression such as regulatory T cells.This immunogenic milieu provides a better response to immunotherapy especially immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs).In addition,the recent data on combining locoregional therapies and other strategies may convert the less immunogenic state of the TME towards higher immunogenicity.Therefore,data are emerging on the use of combinations of locoregional therapy and ICIs in unresectable or advanced HCC and has shown better survival outcomes in this difficult population.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Tumor immune microenvironment Immune checkpoint inhibitor Atezolizumab Bevacizumab Pembrolizumab

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The diagnostic conundrum in necrotizing otitis externa

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2024年第1期10卷 59-65页

作者： Abiya A.Ahmed Shaan Rashid Vinay K.gupta Neil C.Molony Keshav K.gupta Bradford Royal Infirmary Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustWest BromwichWest YorkshireUK Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust West BromwichUK Russells Hall Hospital DudleyUK

Necrotizing otitis externa(NOE)is an aggressive and fast‐evolving infection of the external auditory canal.Late diagnoses and untreated cases can lead to severe,even fatal consequences and so early diagnosis and treatment are paramount.NOE is a notoriously challenging diagnosis to make.It is therefore important to understand what diagnostic modalities are available and how otolaryngologists can use them to accurately treat such an aggressive disease.This review aims to evaluate the different diagnostic options available in NOE and discuss their advantages and limitations,thus,providing an up‐to‐date picture of the multimodal approach required in the diagnosis of this disease.

关键词： diagnostic malignant otitis externa necrotizing osteomyelitis skull base osteomyelitis temporal bone osteomyelitis

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Multi-omics:Powerful accelerator for uncovering plant specialized metabolic pathways:The case of leonurine

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Molecular Plant 2024年第1期17卷 13-15页

作者： Priyanka gupta Anuj Sharma Dinesh A.Nagegowda Molecular Plant Biology and Biotechnology Lab CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic PlantsResearch CentreBengaluru 560065India Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research Ghaziabad 201002India

As sessile organisms,plants employ a unique adaptive strategy to survive harsh terrestrial environments and defend against or interact with coevolving animals and microorganisms.This strategy involves expanding their metabolic systems,resulting in the production of plant specialized metabolites(PSMs)or natural products.Chemically,PSMs constitute a highly diverse group of compounds based on their common core structure,comprising terpenoids,phenylpropanoids,benzenoids,alkaloids and nitrogen-containing compounds,glucosinolates,indoles and sulfur-containing indole compounds,phenolics,and fatty acid derivatives(Garagounis et al.,2021).

关键词： expanding alkaloids sulfur

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Autologous peripheral blood-derived orthobiologics:Different types and their effectiveness in managing knee osteoarthritis

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第5期15卷 400-403页

作者： Ashim gupta Vijay Kumar Jain Department of Orthopaedics and Regenerative Medicine Future BiologicsLawrencevilleGA 30043United States Department of Orthopaedics South Texas Orthopaedic Research Institute(STORI Inc.)LaredoTX 78045United States Department of Regenerative Medicine BioIntegrateLawrencevilleGA 30043United States Department of Orthopaedics and Regenerative Medicine Regenerative OrthopaedicsNoida 201301India Department of Orthopaedics Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical SciencesDr.Ram Manohar Lohia HospitalDelhi 110001New DelhiIndia

Knees are the most commonly impacted weight-bearing joints in osteoarthritis(OA),affecting millions of people worldwide.With increasing life spans and obesity rates,the incidence of knee OA will further increase,leading to a significant increase in the economic burden.Conventional treatment modalities utilized to manage knee OA have limitations.Over the last decade,the role of various autologous peripheral blood-derived orthobiologics(APBOs)for the treatment of knee OA has been extensively investigated.This editorial provided an overview and focused on defining and shedding light on the current state of evidence based on the most recent published clinical studies concerning the use of APBO for the management of knee OA.While numerous studies have demonstrated promising results for these preparations,a notable gap exists in the comparative analysis of these diverse formulations.This absence of head-to-head studies poses a considerable challenge for physicians/surgeons in determining the optimal preparation for managing knee OA and achieving sustained longterm results.Thus,more adequately powered,multicenter,prospective,doubleblind,randomized controlled trials with longer follow-ups are needed to establish the long-term efficacy and to aid physicians/surgeons in determining the optimal APBO for the management of knee OA.

关键词： Knee osteoarthritis Platelet-rich plasma Platelet lysate Autologous conditioned serum Gold-induced cytokine Plasma rich in growth factors Growth factor concentrate Autologous protein solution Platelet-rich fibrin Hyperacute serum

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