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Prediction of Low Heating Value of Sugar cane Bagasse as a Fuel for Industrial Boilers in the High Relative Humidity Region: case of cameroon

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2024年第6期14卷 1604-1624页

作者： Pierre Kana-Donfack Maxell Tientcheu-Nsiewe Denis Tcheukam-Toko césar Kapseu Department of Mechanical Engineering College of Technology University of Buea Buea Cameroon Department of Fundamental Sciences and Engineering Technology School of Chemical Engineering and Mineral Industries University of Ngaoudr Ngaoudr Cameroon Department of Process Engineering National School of Agro-Industrial Science University of Ngaoundr Ngaoudr Cameroon

Many attempts have been made to estimate calorific value of bagasse using mathematical equations, which were created based on data from proximate, ultimate, physical and chemical analysis. Questions have been raised on the applicability of these equations in different parts of the globe. This study was initiated to tackle these problems and also check the most suited mathematical models for the Law Heating Value of cameroonian bagasse. Data and bagasse samples were collected at the cameroonian sugarcane factory. The effects of cane variety, age of harvesting, source, moisture content, and sucrose on the LHV of cameroon bagasse have been tested. It was shown that humidity does not change within a variety, but changes from the dry season to the rainy season;the sugar in the rainy season is significantly different from that collected in the dry season. Samples of the same variety have identical LHV. LHV in the dry season is significantly different from LHV in the rainy season. According to the fact that this study was done for cane with different ages of harvesting, the maturity of cameroonian sugarcane does not affect LHV of bagasse. Tree selected models are much superior tool for the prediction of the LHV for bagasse in cameroon compared to others. The standard deviation of these validated models is around 200 kJ/kg compared to the experimental. Thus, the models determined in foreign countries, are not necessarily applicable in predicting the LHV of bagasse in other countries with the same accuracy as that in their native country. There was linear relationship between humidity, ash and sugar content in the bagasse. It is possible to build models based on data from physical composition of bagasse using regression analysis.

关键词： Sugarcane Bagasse Relative Humidity ash Low Heating Value

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Functionalization of alumina particles to improve the performance of eco-friendly brake-pads

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Friction 2021年第5期9卷 1213-1226页

作者： Vanvirsinh chauhan Jayashree BIJWE ashish DARPE centre for Automotive Research and Tribology(formerly ITMMEc) Indian Institute of Technology DelhiHauz-KhasNew Delhi-110016India Mechanical Engineering Department Indian Institute of Technology DelhiHauz-KhasNew Delhi-110016India

Abrasives,such as oxides of alumina(Al),silica(Si),zirconia(Zr),chromium(cr)etc.,are added to raise the friction level and also to remove the glaze on the disc so that surface will be rejuvenated continuously during braking and will contribute to maintain the desired friction ***,these inorganic particles have less adhesion with the resin/binder and hence are easily dug out during wearing process contributing to higher *** efforts are made to enhance the filler‐matrix adhesion,not only the wear of friction material(FM)should reduce,the particles may stay for a longer time on the tribo‐surface of the pads to contribute fully towards controlling the coefficient of friction(μ).In the present study,alumina particles were selected for siloxane treatment to improve the filler‐matrix *** types of eco‐friendly(free from asbestos and cu)brake‐pads were developed using alumina as a theme ingredient(treated and untreated)keeping all the parent formulation *** additional type of brake‐pads without alumina particles was also developed to observe the effect of abrasive particles on the tribo‐*** performance properties(physical,mechanical,and tribological)of brake‐pads were compared when evaluated in identical *** tribotesting was done on full‐scale brake inertia dynamometer following the procedure in Japanese automobile standard(JASO c 406).It was observed that siloxane treatment affected both friction and wear of brake‐pads in a beneficial *** resistance got increased 35%for siloxane treated *** surfaces were analysed using scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and energy dispersive X‐ray(EDAX)technique.

关键词： friction materials brake‐pads siloxane treatment friction modifiers inertia brake‐dynamometer

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Atypical case of bow hunter’s syndrome linked to aberrantly coursing vertebral artery: A case report

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World Journal of clinical cases 2023年第35期11卷 8399-8403页

作者： Jun Hyong Ahn Hyo sub Jun In Kyeong Kim choong Hyo Kim Seung Jin Lee Department of Neurosurgery Kangwon National University School of MedicineKangwon National University HospitalGangwon-doChuncheon-si 24289South Korea

BAcKGROUND In bow hunter’s syndrome(BHS),also known as rotational vertebral artery(VA)syndrome,there is dynamic/rotational compression of the VA producing verte-brobasilar *** occurrences involve atlantoaxial rather than mid-cervical VA compromise,the latter being rarely ***,we detail successful VA decompression at mid-cervical spine,given a departure from its usual *** SUMMARY The patient,a 45-year-old man,presented to our hospital with occipital headache and *** tomography angiography showed anomalous c4 entry of right VA,with compression upon head rotation to that *** cartilage and anterior tubercle of c5 transverse process were visibly at *** opted for sur-gery,using an anterior cervical approach to remove the anterior *** recovery was uneventful and brought resolution of all preoperative *** BHS is an important consideration where aberrant coursing of VA and neurologic symptoms coexist.

关键词： Bow hunter’s syndrome Vertebral artery Vertebrobasilar insufficiency case report

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Assessment of High-Frequency Performance Limits of Graphene Field-Effect Transistors

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Nano Research 2011年第6期4卷 571-579页

作者： Jyotsna chauhan Jing Guo Department of Electrical and computer Engineering University of Florida Gainesville FL 32611-6130 USA

晶体管(联邦货物税) 击倒到 20 nm 的隧道长度的 graphene 地效果的高频率表演限制被使用前後一致的量模拟检验了。结果比 3 在 20 nm 的隧道长度弄平的显示尽管克莱因 band-to-band 通道为 sub-100 nm graphene 联邦货物税是重要的，... 详细信息

晶体管(联邦货物税) 击倒到 20 nm 的隧道长度的 graphene 地效果的高频率表演限制被使用前後一致的量模拟检验了。结果比 3 在 20 nm 的隧道长度弄平的显示尽管克莱因 band-to-band 通道为 sub-100 nm graphene 联邦货物税是重要的，完成好跨导和大的弹道的开关比率是可能的。在 20 nm 的隧道长度，内在的截止频率为各种各样的门绝缘体厚度价值在一些 THz 留下，但是薄门绝缘体面对寄生电容为好跨导和截止频率的更小的降级是必要的。内在的截止频率接近 graphene 给运动电感(L) 和量电容(c) 的 Lc 典型频率，哪个是大约 100 GHz 牰灯牥楴獥 ? ю ? ю吗？

关键词：场效应晶体管高频性能石墨评估通道长度截止频率量子模拟绝缘层厚度

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Trends and outcomes of liver transplantation among older recipients in the United States

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World Journal of Transplantation 2022年第8期12卷 259-267页

作者： Kenji Okumura Joon sub Lee Abhay Dhand Hiroshi Sogawa Gregory Veillette Devon John Ryosuke Misawa Roxana Bodin David c Wolf Thomas Diflo Seigo Nishida Department of Surgery Westchester Medical Center/New York Medical CollegeValhallaNY 10595United States

BAcKGROUND The average age of recipients and donors of liver transplantation(LT)is *** there has been a change in the indications for LT over the years,data regarding the trends and outcomes of LT in the older population is *** To assess the clinical characteristics,age-related trends,and outcomes of LT among the older population in the United *** We analyzed data from the United Network for Organ Sharing database between *** sample was split into younger group(18-64 years old)and older group(≥65 years old).RESULTS Between 1987-2019,155758 LT were performed in the United *** this period there was a rise in median age of the recipients and percentage of LT recipients who were older than 65 years increased(Pcidence of LT among older population seen in 2019(1920,23%).common primary etiologies of liver disease leading to LT in older patients when compared to the younger group,were non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(16.4%vs 5.9%),hepatocellular carcinoma(14.9%vs 6.9%),acute liver failure(2.5%vs 5.2%),hepatitis c cirrhosis(HcV)(19.2%vs 25.6%)and acute alcoholic hepatitis(0.13%vs 0.35%).In older recipient group female sex and Asian race were higher,while model for end-stage liver disease(MELD)score and rates of preoperative mechanical ventilation were lower(PcV positive status,and donor risk index(DRI)were significantly higher in older group(Pce in post-transplant length of hospitalization,one-year,three-year and five-year graft survivals between the two *** multivariable cox-Hazard regression analysis,older group had an increased risk of graft failure during the five-year post-transplant period(hazard ratio:1.27,Pctors for graft failure among recipients were male sex,African American race,re-transplantation,presence of diabetes,mechanical ventilation at th

关键词： Liver transplant Elderly Outcomes Hepatocellular carcinoma Nonalcohol steatohepatitis

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characterization of Small-Scale Farmers and Assessment of Their Access to crop Production Information in Selected counties of Kenya

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第5期15卷 565-589页

作者： Anastasia Mumbi Wahome John B. K. Kiema Galcano c. Mulaku Isaac Mukoko Department of Geospatial & Space Technology University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya Department of Public Health Kenya Methodist University Nairobi Kenya

Small-scale farming accounts for 78% of total agricultural production in Kenya and contributes to 23.5% of the country’s GDP. Their crop production activities are mostly rainfed subsistence with any surplus being sold to bring in some income. Timely decisions on farm practices such as farm preparation and planting are critical determinants of the seasonal outcomes. In Kenya, most small-scale farmers have no reliable source of information that would help them make timely and accurate decisions. county governments have extension officers who are mandated with giving farmers advisory services to farmers but they are not able to reach most farmers due to facilitation constraints. The mode and format of sharing information is also critical since it’s important to ensure that it’s timely, well-understood and usable. This study sought to assess access to geospatial derived and other crop production information by farmers in four selected counties of Kenya. Specific objectives were to determine the profile of small-scale farmers in terms of age, education and farm size;to determine the type of information that is made available to them by county and sub-county extension officers including the format and mode of provision;and to determine if the information provided was useful in terms of accuracy, timeliness and adequacy. The results indicated that over 80% of the farmers were over 35 years of age and over 56% were male. Majority had attained primary education (34%) or secondary education (29%) and most farmers in all the counties grew maize (71%). Notably, fellow farmers were a source of information (71%) with the frequency of sharing information being mostly seasonal (37%) and when information was available (43%). Over 66% of interviewed farmers indicating that they faced challenges while using provided information. The results from the study are insightful and helpful in determining effective ways of providing farmers with useful information to ensure maximum benefits.

关键词： Small Scale Farmers Farmers crop Production Information Services Geospatial Information Information Access

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Sinkihwan-gamibang ameliorates puromycin amino nucleoside-induced nephrotic syndrome

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chinese Journal of Natural Medicines 2022年第3期20卷 177-184页

作者： Lee Hyeon Kyoung Jang Youn Jae Na Se Won Kim Hye Yoom Han Bywig Hyuk Lee Yun Jung Lee Ho sub Yoon Jung Joo Kang Dae Gill Hanbang cardio-Renal Syndrome Research center Wonkwang UniversityJeollabukdo 54538Republic of Korea college of Oriental Medicine and Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine Wonkwang UniversityJeollabukdo 54538Republic of Korea

Nephrotic syndrome(NS)is a kidney disease characterized by hypertriglyceridemia,massive proteinuria,hypo-albuminemia and peripheral ***-gamibang(SKHGMB)was recorded in a traditional chinese medical book named“Bangyakhappyeon(方藥合編)”and its three prescriptions Sinkihwan,Geumgwe-sinkihwan,and Jesaeng-sinkihwan belong to *** study confirmed the effect of SKHGMB on renal dysfunction in an NS model induced by puromycin aminonucleoside(PAN).The experimental NS model was induced in male Sprague Dawley(SD)rats through injection of PAN(50 mg·kg^(-1))via the femoral *** not only reduced the size of the kidneys increased due to PAN-induced NS,but also decreased proteinuria and *** addition,SKHGMB significantly ameliorated creatinine clearance,creatinine,and blood urea *** relieved glomeruli dilation and tubules fibrosis in the glomeruli of the NS *** inhibited the protein and mRNA levels of the NLRP3 inflammasome including NLRP3,ASc,and pro-caspase-1 in NS *** reduced the protein and mRNA levels of fibrosis regulators in NS *** results indicated that SKHGMB exerts protective effects against renal dysfunction by inhibiting of renal inflammation and fibrosis in NS rats.

关键词： Sinkihwan-gamibang Puromycin aminonucleoside Nephrotic syndrome Renal dysfunction NLRP3 inflammasome Fibrosis

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Acheivement of Nano-Scale SiGe Layer with Discrete Ge Mole Fraction Profile Using Batch-Type HVcVD

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Journal of Rare Earths 2004年第Z2期22卷 178-182页

作者： Gon-sub Lee Tae-hun Shim Jea-gun Park Advanced Semiconductor Material and Device Development center Hanyang UniversitySeoul 133-791Korea Advanced Semiconductor Material and Device Development CenterHanyang UniversitySeoul 133-791Korea Advanced Semiconductor Material and Device Development CenterHanyang UniversitySeoul 133-791Korea

The strained Si grown on the relaxed SiGe-on-insulator c-MOSFET's is a promising device for the future system LSI devices with the design rule of sub-micron. The achievement of the discrete Ge mole fraction in the SiGe layer is a key engineering in low-temperature SiGe epitaxial growth using HVcVD. The pre-flow of GeH4 gas enhanced the Ge mole fraction and SiGe layer thickness. In addition, the Ge mole fraction and SiGe layer thickness increases with the gas ratio of GeH4/SiH4 + GeH4, process temperature, and gas flow time. However, the haze was produced if the Ge mole fraction is above 22wt%. The discrete-like Ge mole fraction with 22 wt% in 10 nm SiGe layer was obtained by the pre-flow of GeH4 for 10 s, the mixture gas ratio of GeH4/SiH4 + GeH4 of 67%, and the gas flow time for 150 s at the process temperature of 550 c.

关键词： strained Si nano scale SiGe layer Ge mole fraction HVcVD gas flow boat-out time

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RF performance evaluation of p-type NiO-pocket based β-Ga_(2)O_(3)/ black phosphorous heterostructure MOSFET

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Journal of Semiconductors 2020年第12期41卷 101-106页

作者： Narendra Yadava Shivangi Mani R.K.chauhan Department of Electronics&communication Engineering Madan Mohan Malaviya University of TechnologyGorakhpur 273010Indian

The radio-frequency (RF) performance of the p-type NiO-pocket based β-Ga_(2)O_(3)/black phosphorous heterostructureMOSFET has been evaluated. The key figure of merits (FOMs) for device performance evaluation include the transconductance(gm) gate dependent intrinsic-capacitances (cgd and cgs), cutoff frequency (fT), gain bandwidth (GBW) product and output-conductance(gd). Similarly, power-gain (Gp), power added efficiency (PAE), and output power (POUT) are also investigated for largesignalcontinuous-wave (cW) RF performance evaluation. The motive behind the study is to improve the β-Ga_(2)O_(3) MOS deviceperformance along with a reduction in power losses and device associated leakages. To show the applicability of the designeddevice in RF applications, its RF FOMs are analyzed. With the outline characteristics of the ultrathin black phosphorous layer belowthe β-Ga_(2)O_(3) channel region, the proposed device results in 1.09 times improvement in fT, with 0.7 times lower cgs, and 3.27dB improved GP in comparison to the NiO-GO MOSFET. The results indicate that the designed NiO-GO/BP MOSFET has betterRF performance with improved power gain and low leakages.

关键词： wide band-gap semiconductor RF FOMs Ga_(2)O_(3) black phosphorus

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Temperature-dependent aggregation of bio-surfactants in aqueous solutions of galactose and lactose:Volumetric and viscometric approach

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chinese Journal of chemical Engineering 2018年第5期26卷 1119-1131页

作者： S.chauhan Vivek Sharma Maninder Kaur Poonam chaudhary Department of chemistry Himachal Pradesh University

Modulation in the aggregation behavior of bio-surfactants(bile salts), sodium cholate(Nac) and sodium deoxycholate(NaDc) in aqueous solutions of carbohydrates(galactose and lactose) have been investigated by measuring the density(ρ), speed of sound(u) and viscosity(η) of the mixtures at different temperatures293.15, 298.15, 303.15, 308.15 and 313.15 K. The density and speed of sound data have been used to calculate various volumetric and compressibility parameters such as apparent molar volume(V_φ), isentropic compressibility(κ_s), apparent molar adiabatic compression(κ_(s, φ)) to get a better insight into the micellization mechanism of bile salts. Further, the viscosity data have been studied in the light of relative viscosity(η_r) and viscous relaxation time(τ). Some derived parameters such as free volume(V_f), internal pressure(πi) and molar cohesive energy(McE) of Na c and Na Dc in aqueous solution of saccharides have also been calculated from viscosity data in conjunction with density and speed of sound values. All the calculated and derived parameters provide qualitative information regarding the nature of interactions i.e. solute–solute, solute–solvent and solvent–solvent in the solution.

关键词：表面活化剂温度依赖聚集行为半乳糖容量简历水松驰时间

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