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Glucocorticoid receptor signaling in the brain and its involvement in cognitive function

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第9期20卷 2520-2537页

作者： Chonglin su Taiqi Huang Meiyu Zhang Yanyu Zhang Yan Zeng Xingxing Chen Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and ControlSchool of MedicineWuhan University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei ProvinceChina

The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis regulates the secretion of glucoco rticoids in response to environmental *** the brain,a nuclear receptor transcription fa ctor,the glucocorticoid recepto r,is an important component of the hypothalamicpituitary-a d renal axis's negative feedback loop and plays a key role in regulating cognitive equilibrium and *** glucoco rticoid receptor influences cognitive processes,including glutamate neurotransmission,calcium signaling,and the activation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor-mediated pathways,through a combination of genomic and non-genomic *** interactions within the central nervous system can alter the expression and activity of the glucocorticoid receptor,there by affecting the hypothalamic-pituitary-a d renal axis and stress-related cognitive *** appropriate level of glucocorticoid receptor expression can improve cognitive function,while excessive glucocorticoid receptors or long-term exposure to glucoco rticoids may lead to cognitive *** with cognitive impairment-associated diseases,such as Alzheimer's disease,aging,depression,Parkinson's disease,Huntington's disease,stroke,and addiction,often present with dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and glucocorticoid receptor *** review provides a comprehensive overview of the functions of the glucoco rticoid receptor in the hypothalamic-pituitary-a d renal axis and cognitive *** emphasizes that appropriate glucocorticoid receptor signaling fa cilitates learning and memory,while its dysregulation can lead to cognitive *** provides clues about how glucocorticoid receptor signaling can be targeted to ove rcome cognitive disability-related disorders.

关键词： brain-derived neurotrophic factor calcium signaling glucocorticoid receptor glucocorticoid glutamate transmission hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis long-term potentiation neurocognitive disorders neuroplasticity stress

Single-cell and spatial omics:exploring hypothalamic heterogeneity

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1525-1540页

作者： Muhammad Junaid Eun Jeong Lee su Bin Lim Department of Biochemistry&Molecular Biology Ajou University School of MedicineSuwonSouth Korea Department of Biomedical Sciences Graduate School of Ajou UniversitySuwonSouth Korea Department of Brain Science Ajou University School of MedicineSuwonSouth Korea

Elucidating the complex dynamic cellular organization in the hypothalamus is critical for understanding its role in coordinating fundamental body functions. Over the past decade, single-cell and spatial omics technologies have significantly evolved, overcoming initial technical challenges in capturing and analyzing individual cells. These high-throughput omics technologies now offer a remarkable opportunity to comprehend the complex spatiotemporal patterns of transcriptional diversity and cell-type characteristics across the entire hypothalamus. Current single-cell and single-nucleus RNA sequencing methods comprehensively quantify gene expression by exploring distinct phenotypes across various subregions of the hypothalamus. However, single-cell/single-nucleus RNA sequencing requires isolating the cell/nuclei from the tissue, potentially resulting in the loss of spatial information concerning neuronal networks. Spatial transcriptomics methods, by bypassing the cell dissociation, can elucidate the intricate spatial organization of neural networks through their imaging and sequencing technologies. In this review, we highlight the applicative value of single-cell and spatial transcriptomics in exploring the complex molecular-genetic diversity of hypothalamic cell types, driven by recent high-throughput achievements.

关键词： cellular diversity hypothalamus multi-omics single-cell transcriptomics spatial transcriptomics

Statistical characteristics and classification of ionospheric mid-latitude trough as revealed by the observations of DMSP-F18

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2025年第1期9卷 137-147页

作者： Yi Liu JiuHou Lei FuQing Huang su Zhou School of Earth and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China School of Science Guiyang UniversityGuiyang 550005China

Statistical characteristics and the classification of the topside ionospheric mid-latitude trough are systemically analyzed,using observations from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program F18(DMSP-F18)*** data was obtained at an altitude of around 860 km in near polar orbit,throughout *** study identified the auroral boundary based on the in-situ electron density and electron spectrum,allowing us to precisely determine the location of the mid-latitude *** differs from most previous works,which only use Total Electron Content(TEC)or in-situ electron *** our study,the troughs exhibited a higher occurrence rate in local winter than in summer,and extended to lower latitudes with increasing geomagnetic *** was found that the ionospheric mid-latitude trough,which is associated with temperature changes or enhanced ion drift,exhibited distinct ***,the ionospheric mid-latitude troughs related to electron temperature(Te)peak were located more equatorward of auroral oval boundary in winter than in *** ionospheric mid-latitude troughs related to Te-maximum were less frequently observed at 60−70°S magnetic latitude and 90−240°E ***,the troughs related to ion temperature(Ti)maximums were observed at relatively higher latitudes,occurring more frequently in *** addition,the troughs related to ion velocity(Vi)maximums could be observed in all *** troughs with the maximum-Ti and maximum-Vi were located closer to the equatorward boundary of the auroral oval at the nightside,and in both *** implies that enhanced ion drift velocity contributes to increased collisional frictional heating and enhanced ion temperatures,resulting in a density depletion within the trough region.

关键词： topside ionosphere mid-latitude trough ionospheric main trough auroral oval boundary temperature maximum

Rock fracture mechanism of buffer blasting with cushion layer at the borehole bottom

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2025年第2期32卷 325-334页

作者： Xinguang Zhu Chenxi Ding Zhe sui Hong su Xu Guo School of Civil and Resources Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Key Laboratory for Mechanics in Fluid Solid Coupling Systems Institute of MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing)Beijing 100083China School of Chemical and Blasting Engineering Anhui University of Science and TechnologyHuainan 232001China

This study primarily investigates the rock fracture mechanism of bottom cushion layer blasting and explores the effects of the bottom cushion layer on rock *** involves analyses of the evolution patterns of blasting stress,characteristics of crack distribution,and rock fracture features in the ***,blasting model experiments were carried out using the dynamic caustics principle to investigate the influence of bottom cushion layers and initiation methods on the integrity of the bottom rock *** experimental results indicate that the combined use of bottom cushion layers and inverse initiation effectively protects the integrity of the bottom rock ***,the process of stress wave propagation and dynamic crack propagation in rocks was simulated using the continuum-discontinuum element method(CDEM)and the Landau explosion source model,with varying thicknesses of bottom cushion *** numerical simulation results indicate that with increasing cushion thickness,the absorption of energy generated by the explosion becomes more pronounced,resulting in fewer cracks in the bottom rock *** illustrates the positive role of the cushion layer in protecting the integrity of the bottom rock mass.

关键词： bottom cushion layer blasting crack propagation continuum-discontinuum element method dynamic stress intensity factor

Neurocircuit regeneration by extracellular matrix reprogramming

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第8期20卷 2300-2301页

作者： Shengzhang su Ian N.Levasseur Kimberly M.Alonge Department of Medicinal Chemistry University of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA Department of Chemistry University of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA Department of Medicine University of Washington Medicine Diabetes InstituteSeattleWAUSA

The brain's extracellular matrix(ECM),which is comprised of protein and glycosaminoglycan(GAG)scaffolds,constitutes 20%-40% of the human brain and is considered one of the largest influencers on brain cell functioning(Soles et al.,2023).Synthesized by neural and glial cells,the brain's ECM regulates a myriad of homeostatic cellular processes,including neuronal plasticity and firing(Miyata et al.,2012),cation buffering(Moraws ki et al.,2015),and glia-neuron interactions(Anderson et al.,2016).Considering the diversity of functions,dynamic remodeling of the brain's ECM indicates that this understudied medium is an active participant in both normal physiology and neurological diseases.

关键词： matrix programming

Physical Layer Security Scheme With AoI-Awareness for Industrial IoT Based on Covert Communications

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2025年第1期 276-278页

作者： Yaping Li Zhi-Xin Liu Jia-Wei su Ya-Zhou Yuan the Key Laboratory of Industrial Computer Control Engineering of Hebei Province Yanshan University

Dear Editor,Industrial Internet of things(IIoT) is a typical application of cyberphysical system(CPS). In the IIoT, wireless communication is an inevitable trend to replace the deployment-limited wired transmission for cases with large-scale and mobile devices. However, wireless communication gives rise to critical issues related to physical security, such as malicious detections and attacks [1].

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Deep eutectic solvents for separation and purification applications in critical metal metallurgy:Recent advances and perspectives

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2025年第1期32卷 1-19页

作者： Shuo Chen Shengpeng su Yanfang Huang Bingbing Liu Hu sun Shuzhen Yang Guihong Han School of Chemical Engineering Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001China Zhongyuan Critical Metals Laboratory Henan ProvinceZhengzhou 450001China

Solvent extraction,a separation and purification technology,is crucial in critical metal *** solvents commonly used in solvent extraction exhibit disadvantages,such as high volatility,high toxicity,and flammability,causing a spectrum of hazards to human health and environmental *** solvents have been recognized as potential alternatives to these harmful organic *** the past two decades,several neoteric solvents have been proposed,including ionic liquids(ILs)and deep eutectic solvents(DESs).DESs have gradually become the focus of green solvents owing to several advantages,namely,low toxicity,degradability,and low *** this critical review,their classification,formation mechanisms,preparation methods,characterization technologies,and special physicochemical properties based on the most recent advancements in research have been systematically ***,the major separation and purification applications of DESs in critical metal metallurgy were comprehensively ***,future opportunities and challenges of DESs were explored in the current research *** conclusion,this review provides valuable insights for improving our overall understanding of DESs,and it holds important potential for expanding separation and purification applications in critical metal metallurgy.

关键词： deep eutectic solvents preparations properties separation and purification critical metal metallurgy

Recent Advances in Artificial Sensory Neurons: Biological Fundamentals, Devices, Applications, and Challenges

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NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2025年第1期17卷 1-49页

作者： Zhong, Shuai su, Lirou Xu, Mingkun Loke, Desmond Yu, Bin Zhang, Yishu Zhao, Rong Guangdong Inst Intelligence Sci & Technol Zhuhai 519031 Hengqin Peoples R China Zhejiang Univ Coll Integrated Circuits Hangzhou 3112000 Peoples R China ZJU Hangzhou Global Sci & Technol Innovat Ctr Hangzhou 310027 Peoples R China Singapore Univ Technol & Design Dept Sci Math & Technol Singapore 487372 Singapore Tsinghua Univ Dept Precis Instruments Beijing 100084 Peoples R China Tsinghua Univ Ctr Brain Inspired Comp Res Beijing 100084 Peoples R China Tsinghua Univ IDG McGovern Inst Brain Res Beijing 100084 Peoples R China

Biological fundamentals and recent progress of artificial sensory neurons are systematically *** device, performance metrics, and potential applications of artificial sensory neurons are *** for the future development of artificial sensory neurons are discussed. Spike-based neural networks, which use spikes or action potentials to represent information, have gained a lot of attention because of their high energy efficiency and low power consumption. To fully leverage its advantages, converting the external analog signals to spikes is an essential prerequisite. Conventional approaches including analog-to-digital converters or ring oscillators, and sensors suffer from high power and area costs. Recent efforts are devoted to constructing artificial sensory neurons based on emerging devices inspired by the biological sensory system. They can simultaneously perform sensing and spike conversion, overcoming the deficiencies of traditional sensory systems. This review summarizes and benchmarks the recent progress of artificial sensory neurons. It starts with the presentation of various mechanisms of biological signal transduction, followed by the systematic introduction of the emerging devices employed for artificial sensory neurons. Furthermore, the implementations with different perceptual capabilities are briefly outlined and the key metrics and potential applications are also provided. Finally, we highlight the challenges and perspectives for the future development of artificial sensory neurons.

关键词： Artificial intelligence Emerging devices Artificial sensory neurons Spiking neural networks Neuromorphic sensing

Quantum public-key crypto via EPR pairs

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第1期Mechanics & Astronomy) .卷 58-63页

作者： Xiang-Qun Fu Hong-Wei Li Jian-Hong Shi Tan Li Wan-su Bao Henan Key Laboratory of Quantum Information and Cryptography Information Engineering University Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics University of Science and Technology of China

With the development of quantum computing technology, quantum public-key cryptography is gradually becoming an alternative to the existing classical public-key cryptography. This paper designs a quantum trapdoor one-way function via EPR pairs and quantum measurements. Based on this, a new quantum public-key cryptosystem is presented, which offers forward security,and can resist the chosen-plaintext attack and chosen-ciphertext attack. Compared with the existing quantum public-key cryptos,eavesdropping can be automatically detected in this new quantum public-key cryptosystem under a necessary condition, which is also detailed in the paper.

关键词： quantum public-key crypto trapdoor one-way function EPR pairs