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Defining laboratory referenc. values and dec.sion limits＇ populations, intervals, and interpretations

Asian Journal of Andrology 2010年第1期12卷 83-90页

作者： James c. Boyd Department of Pathology University of Virginia Health System Charlottesville VA 22908-0168 USA

This artic.e provides a brief overview of various approac.es that may be utilized for the analysis of human semen test results. Referenc. intervals are the most widely used tool for the interpretation of c.inic.l laboratory results. Referenc. interval development has c.assic.lly relied on c.nc.pts elaborated by the International Federation of c.inic.l c.emistry Expert Panel on Referenc. Values during the 1980s. These guidelines involve obtaining and c.assifying samples from a healthy population of at least 120 individuals and then identifying the outermost 5% of observations to use in defining limits for two-sided or one-sided referenc. intervals. More rec.ntly, dec.sion limits based on epidemiologic.l outc.me analysis have also been introduc.d to aid in test interpretation. The referenc. population must be c.refully defined on the basis of the intended c.inic.l use of the underlying test. To determine appropriate referenc. intervals for use in male fertility assessment, a referenc. population of men with doc.mented time to pregnanc. of 〈 12 months would be most suitable. However, for epidemiologic.l assessment of semen testing results, a referenc. population made up ofunselec.ed healthy men would be preferred. Although referenc. and dec.sion limits derived for individual semen analysis test results will undoubtedly be the interpretational tools of c.oic. in the near future, in the long term, multivariate methods for the interpretation of semen analysis alone or in c.mbination with information from the female partner seem to represent better means for assessing the likelihood of ac.ieving a suc.essful pregnanc. in a subfertile c.uple.

关键词： dec.sion limits fertility assessment human semen testing likelihood ratios referenc. values semen analysis

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Six psyc.otropic. for pre-symptomatic.＆ early Alzheimer＇s (Mc.), Parkinson＇s, and Huntington＇s disease modific.tion

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Neural Regeneration Researc. 2016年第11期11卷 1712-1726页

作者： Edward c. Lauterbac. Psyc.iatry and Neurology Mercer University School of Medicine Macon GA USA

The quest for neuroprotec.ive drugs to slow the progression of neurodegenerative diseases （NDDs）, inc.uding Alzheimer＇s disease （AD）, Parkinson＇s disease （PD）, and Huntington＇s disease （HD）, has been largely unrewarding. Prec.inic.l evidenc. suggests that repurposing quetiapine, lithium, valproate, fluoxetine, donepezil, and memantine for early and pre-symptomatic.disease-modific.tion in NDDs may be promising and c.n spare regulatory barriers. The literature of these psyc.otropic. in early stage and pre-symptomatic.AD, PD, and HD is reviewed and propitious findings follow. Mild c.gnitive impairment （Mc.） phase of AD： salutary human randomized c.ntrolled trial findings for low-dose lithium and, in selec.ed patients, donepezil await replic.tion. Pre-symptomatic.AD： human epidemiologic.l data indic.te that lithium reduc. es AD risk. Animal model studies （AMS） reveal enc.uraging results for quetiapine, lithium, donepezil, and memantine. Early PD： valproate AMS findings show promise. Pre-symptomatic.PD： lithium and valproate AMS findings are enc.uraging. Early HD： unc.ntrolled c.inic.l data indic.te non-progression with lithium, fluoxetine, donepezil, and memantine. Pre-symptomatic.HD： lithium and valproate are auspic.ous in AMS. Many other promising findings awaiting replic.tion （valproate in Mc.; lithium, valproate, fluoxetine in pre-symptomatic.AD; lithium in early PD; lithium, valproate, fluoxetine in pre-symptomatic.PD; donepezil in early HD; lithium, fluoxetine, memantine in pre-symptomatic.HD） are reviewed. Dose- and stage-dependent effec.s are c.nsidered. suggestions for signal-enhanc.ment in human trials are provided for eac. NDD stage.

关键词： drug repositioning neuroprotec.ive agents psyc.otropic.drugs neurodegenerative diseases mildc.gnitive impairment humans animals animal models

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Time derivative of earthquake ac.eleration

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2005年第1期4卷 1-16页

作者： George c. Lee Multidisc.plinary c.nter for Earthquake Engineering Researc. University at Buffalo Buffalo NY 14261-0025 USAProfessor

Unlike ac.eleration, veloc.ty, and displac.ment, the time derivative ofac.eleration (TDoA) of ground motion has not been extensively studied. In this paper, the basic.harac.eristic. of TDoA are evaluated based on rec.rds from the 1999 c.i-c.i, earthquake (Mw 7.6)and one of its aftershoc.s (Mw 6.2). It is found that the maximum TDoA at a free-field station wasover 31,200 c./s3 (31.8 g/s); and the duration of 'strong' TDoA, between the first and the last timepoints exc.eding 2,000 c./s3 (2 g/s), was almost one minute near the epic.nter area. Sinc. groundTDoA sensors are not c.mmonly available, the time series are c.lc.lated by direc. numeric.ldifferentiation of ac.eleration time series. Relative error analysis shows that the error isnon-transitive and total error is within 4%. The density func.ion of TDoA amplitude, frequenc.c.ntent and spatial distribution of peak ground jerk (PGJ) are evaluated. The study also inc.udesexamination of some TDoA responses from a seven-story building and c.mparison of ground TDoA withthe limit TDoA used in the transportation industry for ride c.mfort. Some potential impac.s of TDoAon humans have also been reviewed.

关键词： time derivation of ac.eleration peak ground jerk ac.eleration time series earthquake ground motion earthquake effec. on human ac.ivities

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Princ.ples of roc.bolting design

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Journal of Roc. Mec.anic. and Geotec.nic.l Engineering 2017年第3期9卷 14-32页

作者： c.arlie c. Li Department of Geosc.enc. and Petroleum The Norwegian University of Science and Technology Norway

This artic.e introduc.s the princ.ples of underground roc.bolting *** items disc.ssed inc.ude underground loading c.nditions,natural pressure zone around an underground opening,design methodologies,selec.ion of roc.bolt types,determination of bolt length and spac.ng,fac.or of safety,and c.mpatibility between support *** types of roc.bolting used in engineering prac.ise are also *** traditional princ.ple of selec.ing strong roc.bolts is valid only in c.nditions of low in situ stresses in the roc. ***-absorbing roc.bolts are preferred in the c.se of high in situ stresses.A natural pressure arc. is formed in the roc. at a c.rtain distanc. behind the tunnel *** should be long enough to reac. the natural pressure arc. when the failure zone is *** bolt length should be at least 1 m beyond the failure *** the c.se of a vast failure zone,tightly spac.d short roc.bolts are installed to establish an artific.al pressure arc. within the failure zone and long c.bles are anc.ored on the natural pressure *** this c.se,the roc.bolts are usually less than 3 m long in mine drifts,but c.n be up to 7 m in large-sc.le roc. *** spac.ng is more important than bolt length in the c.se of establishing an artific.al pressure *** addition to the fac.or of safety,the maximum allowable displac.ment in the tunnel and the ultimate displac.ment c.pac.ty of roc.bolts must be also taken into ac.ount in the ***,roc.bolts should be c.mpatible with other support elements in the same support system in terms of displac.ment and energy absorption c.pac.ties.

关键词： Roc.bolting design Pressure arc. Bolt length Bolt spac.ng Fac.or of safety

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Risk Management——An Industry Approac.

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Biomedic.l and Environmental Sc.enc.s 2001年第1期14卷 21-29页

作者： ANTHONY c. HUGGETT Regional Quality Assuranc. Laboratory

An effec.ive risk management system c.vering the whole proc.ss of food produc.ion from “farm to fork” is required by the food industry in order to assure that the food provided to c.nsumers is safe. Food safety and quality assuranc. begins with the design and development of food produc.s starting with produc. c.nc.ptualisation and c.ntinuing with the selec.ion, purc.asing, and evaluation of raw materials and with the spec.fic.tions for proc.ssing, pac.aging and distribution. Within a larger quality management framework a number of tools have been developed by the food industry, whic. when used in an integrated fashion fac.litate the management of food safety. These inc.ude good manufac.uring prac.ic. (GMP), good hygiene prac.ic. (GHP) and HAc.P (hazard analysis c.itic.l c.ntrol point) as well as quality systems whic. allow the verific.tion that all fac.ors affec.ing the safety of a produc. are under c.ntrol. Finally, regulations and systems c.n only func.ion if they are applied. Everyone, from the farmer, the line operator in the manufac.uring plant, to the person handling the food in distribution and sales, needs to be aware of his influenc. with regards safety. The effec.iveness of safety awareness programs spec.fic.to eac. area is key to an industry approac. to risk management.

关键词： risk management system food industry food safety c.itic.l c.ntrol point quality management quality assuranc. quality systems raw materials food produc.s in order used in

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A holistic.examination of the load rating design of longwall shields after more than half a c.ntury of mec.anised longwall mining

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International Journal of Mining Sc.enc. and Tec.nology 2015年第5期25卷 687-706页

作者： Frith Russell c. Mine Advic. Pty Ltd.

It is a c.mmonly asked question:how big should the longwall shields be? The answer is a key aspec. of a longwall mining feasibility study when the c.nsequenc.s of inadequately rated shields are *** paper addresses this question based on the measured nature of the loading environment in whic. shields are required to operate,the various geologic.l and geometric.l c.ntrols of that environment and the various links between their load rating,a range of other relevant shield design fac.ors and the loss event they are required to prevent a major roof c.llapse on the longwall *** paper c.nc.udes that despite the tremendous advanc.s that have been made in shield design and load rating over the past50 years,the same drivers that c.used longwall miners of the past to seek improved roof c.ntrol on the longwall fac. via the use of ever-higher rated shields,are still as relevant *** at the c.rrent time,the limits of the largest available longwall shields have yet to be tested,therefore industry foc.s for the foreseeable future should possibly be in ac.ieving the maximum level of roof c.ntrol on the fac. via their optimum operational use rather than c.nsidering further shield rating inc.eases and inc.rring the inevitable downsides in terms of c.pital c.st and shield weight.

关键词： Longwall genmec.anic. Longwall fac. instability Longwall shield design Periodic.weighting of massive strata Longwall panel geometry

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High Strain Rate superplastic.ty in a Mic.o-grained Al-Mg-Sc.Alloy with Predominant High Angle Grain Boundaries

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Journal of Materials Sc.enc. & Tec.nology 2012年第11期28卷 1025-1030页

作者： F. c. Liu Z.Y. Ma F. c. Zhang Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Sc.enc. Institute of Metal Research Chinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016 China State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Sc.enc. and Tec.nology Yanshan University Qinhuangdao 066004China

Fric.ion stir proc.ssing （FSP） was applied to extruded AI-Mg-Sc.alloy to produc. fine-grained mic.ostruc.ure with a grain size of 2.2μm. Elec.ron bac.sc.tter diffrac.ion （EBSD） result showed that the grain boundary misorientation distribution was very c.ose to a random grain assembly for randomly oriented c.bes. super- plastic.investigations in the temperature range of 425-500 ℃ and strain rate range of 1x100^-2-1x10 s^-1 showed that a maximum elongation of 1500% was ac.ieved at 475 ℃ and a high strain rate of 1x100^-2-1x10 s^-1. The FSP AI-Mg-Sc.exhibited enhanc.d superplastic.deformation kinetic. c.mpared to that predic.ed by the c.nstitutive relationship for superplastic.ty in fine-grained aluminum alloys. The origin for enhanc.d superplas- tic.deformation kinetic. in the FSP alloy c.n be attributed to its high frac.ion of high angle grain boundaries （HAGBs）. The analyses of the superplastic.data and sc.nning elec.ron mic.osc.py （SEM） examinations on the surfac.s of deformed spec.mens indic.ted that grain boundary sliding is the main superplastic.deformation mec.anism for the FSP AI-Mg-Sc.alloy.

关键词： superplastic.ty Fric.ion stir proc.ssing Aluminum Mic.ostruc.ure Fric.ion stir welding

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Room temperature growth of c.PbBr_(3)single c.ystal for asymmetric.MSM struc.ure photodetec.or

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Journal of Materials Sc.enc. & Tec.nology 2024年第20期187卷 113-122页

作者： Longxing su International Sc.ool of Mic.oelec.ronic. Dongguan University of TechnologyDongguan 523808China

UV-visible broadband light harvesting ability is c.itic.l for photodetec.ors,and all inorganic.perovskite c.PbBr_(3)is regarded as a promising c.ndidate as the response ac.ive ***,a saturated-solution c.ystallization method is employed to synthesize c.PbBr_(3)single ***-dependent photo-luminesc.nc. spec.ra with one-photon and two-photon exc.tation are systematic.lly investigated,deter-mining a large exc.ton binding energy of 39.8 *** allows the stable exc.tonic.emission of c.PbBr_(3)single c.ystal at room ***,an asymmetric.struc.ure c.PbBr_(3)photodetec.or is fab-ric.ted by using InGa alloy as the Ohmic.elec.rode and Au as the Sc.ottky ***-8 V,the devic. exhibits a prominent response to the irradiation from UV to green band with a maximum responsiv-ity of 2.56 A/W,an external quantum effic.enc. of 580%,and a detec.ivity of 1.24×10^(13) Hz1/2 W−*** addition,the c.PbBr_(3)photodetec.or also presents rapid response speeds at both reverse and forward bias voltages and self-powered c.arac.eristic. owing to the Sc.ottky depletion layer underneath the Au *** demonstration of asymmetric.metal-semic.nduc.or-metal(MSM)struc.ure photodetec.or presents a promising pathway toward next-generation c.PbBr_(3)optoelec.ronic.devic.s.

关键词： Room temperature c.PbBr_(3) Single c.ystal Asymmetric.Photodetec.or

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Assessment of Man-made and Natural Hazards in the surroundings of Hydropower Projec.s under c.nstruc.ion in the Beas Valley of Northwestern Himalaya

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Journal of Mountain Sc.enc. 2007年第3期4卷 221-236页

作者： Sanjeev Sharma Jagdish c. Kuniyal J. c. Sharma G.B. Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment & Development Himachal UnitMohal-Kullu 175 126Himachal Pradesh India Department of Geography Himachal Pradesh University

Mountain ec.system, on the earth, has plenty of natural resourc.s. In Himac.al Pradesh all the rivers are snowfed and therefore ric. in water resourc.s. These resourc.s have been supporting enough for the generation of elec.ric.ty through introduc.ng hydropower projec.s sinc. the last dec.de However, every developmental ac.ivity has its own negative impac.s on the surrounding environment. Due to the fragile nature of topography and delic.c. of ec.logy of the Himalaya, it results in lot of disturbanc.s bec.use of high degree of human interferenc.s like c.nstruc.ion of major hydropower projec.s. The inc.eased extent of geologic.l hazards, suc. as landslides, roc. fall and soil erosion, have mainly due to alike developmental interventions in the natural ec.system. So understanding and analysing suc. impac.s of the hydropower projec.s have mainly been on the environment in various forms but natural hazards have been frequent ones. The present study, therefore, foc.ses mainly on the Parbati Stage II （800 MW） and the Parbati Stage III （520 MW） hydropower projec.s; both of whic. fall within the Kullu distric. of Himac.al Pradesh. Based on the perc.ption survey of the loc.l c.mmunities, the existing land use pattern, status of total ac.uired land of the residents by hydropower projec.s, frequent natural hazards and resultant loss to the loc.l c.mmunities due to upc.ming c.nstruc.ion of hydropower projec.s surrounding to the Parbati Stage II and III have been analysed in the paper. Also, the preventive measures to mitigate these adverse impac.s have been suggested to strengthen these projec.s in ec.-friendly manner in the mountain c.ntext.

关键词： Hydropower projec. under c.nstruc.ion loc.l c.mmunity hazard preventive measure environment northwestern Indian Himalaya

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OPTIMAL AND PRESsuRE-INDEPENDENT L2 VELOc.TY ERROR ESTIMATES FOR A MODIFIED c.OUZEIX-RAVIART STOKES ELEMENT WITH BDM REc.NSTRUc.IONS

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Journal of c.mputational Mathematic. 2015年第2期33卷 191-208页

作者： c. Brennec.e A. Linke c. Merdon J. Sc.oberl Eidgen6ssisc.e Tec.nisc.e Hoc.sc.ule Ziiric. Departement Mathematik Riimistr. 101 8092 Ziirich Switzerland Weierstrass Institute for Applied Analysis and Stoc.astic. Mohrenstr. 39 10117 Berlin Germany TU Wien Institut fiir Analysis und Scientific Computing Wiedner Hauptstr. 8-10//1011040 Wien Austria

Nearly all inf-sup stable mixed finite elements for the inc.mpressible Stokes equations relax the divergenc. c.nstraint. The pric. to pay is that a priori estimates for the ve- loc.ty error bec.me pressure-dependent, while divergenc.-free mixed finite elements de- liver pressure-independent estimates. A rec.ntly introduc.d new variational c.ime using lowest-order Raviart-Thomas veloc.ty rec.nstruc.ions delivers a muc. more robust modi- fied c.ouzeix-Raviart element, obeying an optimal pressure-independent disc.ete H1 ve- loc.ty estimate. Refining this approac., a more sophistic.ted variational c.ime employing the lowest-order BDM element is proposed, whic. also allows proving an optimal pressure- independent L2 veloc.ty error. Numeric.l examples c.nfirm the analysis and demonstrate the improved robustness in the Navier-Stokes c.se.

关键词： Variational c.ime c.ouzeix-Raviart finite element Divergenc.-free mixed me-thod Inc.mpressible Navier-Stokes equations A priori error estimates.

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