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Vocal repertoire of the New Zealand kea parrot Nestor notabilis

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Current Zoology 2012年第5期58卷 727-740页

作者： Raoul SCHWING stuart PARSoNS Ximena J. nelson School of Biological Sciences University of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland New Zealand School of Biological Sciences University of Canterbury Private Bag 4800 Christchurch New Zealand

The unique alpine-living kea parrot Nestor notabilis has been the focus of numerous cognitive studies, but its com- munication system has so far been largely neglected. We examined 2,884 calls recorded in New Zealand＇s Southern Alps. Based on audio and visual spectrographic differences, these calls were categorised into seven distinct call types： the non-oscillating ＇screech＇ contact call and ＇mew＇; and the oscillating ＇trill＇, ＇chatter＇, ＇warble＇ and ＇whistle＇; and a hybrid ＇screech-trill＇. Most of these calls contained aspects that were individually unique, in addition to potentially encoding for an individual＇s sex and age. Additionally, for each recording, the sender＇s previous and next calls were noted, as well as any response given by conspecifics. We found that the previous and next calls made by the sender were most often of the same type, and that the next most likely pre- ceding and/or following call type was the screech call, a contact call which sounds like the ＇kee-ah＇ from which the bird＇s name derives. As a social bird capable of covering large distances over visually obstructive terrain, long distance contact calls may be of considerable importance for social cohesion. Contact calls allow kea to locate conspecifics and congregate in temporary groups for social activities. The most likely response to any given call was a screech, usually followed by the same type of call as the ini- tial call made by the sender, although responses differed depending on the age of the caller. The exception was the warble, the kea＇s play call, to which the most likely response was another warble. Being the most common call type, as well as the default response to another call, it appears that the ＇contagious＇ screech contact call plays a central role in kea vocal communication and social cohesion [Current Zoology 58 （5）： 727-740, 2012].

关键词： Acoustic signals Communication Kea Psittacidae Social behaviour Habitat

A numerical investigation into key factors controlling hard rock excavation via electropulse stimulation

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2020年第4期12卷 793-801页

作者： Daniel Vogler stuart DCWalsh Martin oSaar Geothermal Energy and Geofluids Institute of GeophysicsETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland Department of Civil Engineering Monash UniversityMelbourneAustralia Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences University of MinnesotaMinneapolisUSA

Electropulse stimulation provides an energy-efficient means of excavating hard rocks through repeated application of high voltage pulses to the rock *** such,it has the potential to confer significant advantages to mining and drilling operations for mineral and energy ***,before these benefits can be realized,a better understanding of these processes is required to improve their deployment in the *** this paper,we employ a recently developed model of the grain-scale processes involved in electropulse stimulation to examine excavation of hard rock under realistic operating *** that end,we investigate the maximum applied voltage within ranges of 120e600 kV,to observe the onset of rock *** further study the effect of grain size on rock breakage,by comparing fine(granodiorite)and coarse grained(granite)***,the pore fluid salinity is investigated,since the electric conductivity of the pore fluid is shown to be a governing factor for the electrical conductivity of the modeled *** study demonstrates that all investigated factors are crucial to the efficiency of rock fragmentation by electropulsing.

关键词： Electropulse stimulation High voltage breakdown Numerical modeling Drilling Thermo-mechanics

Pharmacologic rationale for treatments of peritoneal surface malignancy from colorectal cancer

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal oncology 2010年第1期2卷 19-30页

作者： PaulH Sugarbaker Kurt Vander Speeten o Anthony stuart Washington Cancer Institute Washington Hospital Center Department of Surgical oncology Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg Schiepse Bos 6

The peritoneal surfaces of the abdomen and pelvis are important sites for the dissemination of gastrointestinal and gynecologic malignancy. Transcoelomic dissemination of cancer cells gives rise to carcinomatosis, which, without special treatment, is a fatal manifestation of these diseases. To treat peritoneal carcinomatosis, cytoreductive surgery removes gross disease plus perioperative intraperitoneal and perioperative intravenous chemotherapy eradicates microscopic residual disease and chemical compatibilities. Chemotherapy agents are administered either by the intraperitoneal or intravenous route, based on their pharmacologic properties. A peritoneal-plasma barrier, which retards the clearance of high molecular weight chemotherapy from the peritoneal cavity, results in a large exposure of small cancer nodules on abdominal and pelvic surfaces. Tissue penetration of the intraperitoneal chemotherapy is facilitated by moderate hyperthermia (41-42℃). Targeting of intravenous chemotherapy to the peritoneal surface is facilitated by the intraperitoneal heat. A constant dose of chemotherapy agent and volume of carrier solution, based on body surface area, allows prediction of systemic drug exposure and systemic toxicity. Timing of the hyperthermic chemotherapy as a scheduled part of the surgical procedure to uniformly expose all peritoneal surfaces is crucial to success.

关键词： Intraperitoneal chemotherapy 5-fluorouracil Doxorubicin Mitomycin C Peritoneal-plasma barrier Appendiceal cancer Colorectal cancer Peritoneal mesothelioma ovarian cancer

Developing Extensible Lattice-Boltzmann Simulators for General-Purpose Graphics-Processing Units

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Communications in Computational Physics 2013年第3期13卷 867-879页

作者： stuart D.C.Walsh Martin o.Saar Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory LivermoreCaliforniaUSA Department of Earth Sciences University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA

Lattice-Boltzmann methods are versatile numerical modeling techniques capable of reproducing a wide variety of fluid-mechanical *** methods are well suited to parallel implementation,particularly on the single-instruction multiple data(SIMD)parallel processing environments found in computer graphics processing units(GPUs).Although recent programming tools dramatically improve the ease with which GPUbased applications can be written,the programming environment still lacks the flexibility available to more traditional CPU *** particular,it may be difficult to develop modular and extensible programs that require variable on-device functionality with current GPU *** paper describes a process of automatic code generation that overcomes these difficulties for lattice-Boltzmann *** details the development of GPU-based modules for an extensible lattice-Boltzmann simulation *** performance of the automatically generated code is compared to equivalent purpose written codes for both single-phase,multiphase,and multicomponent *** flexibility of the new method is demonstrated by simulating a rising,dissolving droplet moving through a porous medium with user generated lattice-Boltzmann models and subroutines.

关键词： Lattice-Boltzmann methods graphics processing units computational fluid dynamics

蜜瓜和西瓜果汁的射频介电特性及其与糖度的关系

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农业工程学报 2008年第5期24卷 289-292页

作者：郭文川 Smart o. nelson Samir Trabelsi Stanley J. Kays 西北农林科技大学机械与电子工程学院杨凌712100 U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service Russell Research Center Athens Georgia 30604 USA Department of Horticulture University of Georgia Athens Georgia 30602 USA

为了解果汁的介电特性与其主要内部品质——糖度之间的关系,该文利用末端开路的同轴探头和阻抗分析仪测量了10 MHz～1.8 GHz的频率范围内不同成熟度的3个品种密瓜汁和4个品种西瓜汁的介电特性,同时测量了反映果汁糖度的可溶性固形物含... 详细信息

为了解果汁的介电特性与其主要内部品质——糖度之间的关系,该文利用末端开路的同轴探头和阻抗分析仪测量了10 MHz～1.8 GHz的频率范围内不同成熟度的3个品种密瓜汁和4个品种西瓜汁的介电特性,同时测量了反映果汁糖度的可溶性固形物含量和果肉的含水率,分析了介电特性和糖度间的关系。结果显示:密瓜和西瓜果汁的相对介电常数和介质损耗因数皆随频率的增大单调减小,品种间的差异对介电特性有影响;1.8 GHz下密瓜汁的损耗角正切与糖度有较好的线性关系,其决定系数为0.784,但西瓜汁的介电特性与糖度的相关性较差;密瓜和西瓜果汁的糖度与果肉的含水率有很好的线性相关性,其决定系数分别为0.973和0.906。该研究将为基于介电特性的果汁糖度检测仪的开发提供了研究基础。

关键词：蜜瓜西瓜果汁介电特性可溶性固形物含量含水率

Concussion in contact sport:A challenging area to tackle

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2017年第3期6卷 299-301页

作者： Samuel stuart Aodhan Hickey Rosie Morris Karol o'Donovan Alan Godfrey Institute of Neuroscience/Newcastle University Institute of Ageing Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PLUK Insight Centre for Data Analytics University College DublinDublin D04 V1W8Ireland School of Medicine University College CorkCork T12 EH31Ireland Newcastle University Business School Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon Tyne NE1 4SEUK

*** problem The term'concussion'refers to a common form of traumatic brain injury,which typically occurs after a blow or injury to the *** has been described as a'complex pathophysiological process affecting the brain,induced by biomechanical factors',and shear forces induced by rotational acceleration are believed to be the primary mechanism of injury in concussion.~1The incidence of concussion in the UK has been shown to be

关键词： Concussion in contact sport:A challenging area to tackle

Paleoclimatic Controls on Clay Mineral Distribution in the Early Cretaceous(Barremian):The Wessex Basin,Southeast England

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年第6期35卷 2050-2066页

作者： oladapo o.Akinlotan ogechukwu A.Moghalu stuart J.Hatter Byami A.Jolly okwudiri A.Anyiam Faculty of Health Medicine&Social CareAnglia Ruskin UniversityChelmsfordCM11SQUK Department of Geology University of NigeriaNsukka410001Nigeria Badley Ashton&Associates Ltd. WincebyHorncastleLN96PBLincolnshireUK Department of Geology Ahmadu Bello UniversityZariaNigeria

This study describes the clay mineralogy of the Lower Cretaceous(Barremian)rocks of the Wessex Basin for paleoenvironmental ***-four samples were subjected to optical microscopy,scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(SEM/EDS),and quantitative evaluation of minerals by scanning electron microscopy(QEMSCAN^(R))*** results revealed an illite-dominated sedimentation in most sections of the basin,with kaolinite,chlorite,smectite and glauconite occurring in subordinate *** paleoclimatic conditions from the clay mineral trends indicates a warm and dry climate,with seasonal *** to illite ratios indicate that more arid climate conditions were prevalent but brief periods of warm and humid conditions were also present.A strong positive correlation between chlorite and tourmaline indicates that excess chlorite may have been contributed from tourmaline-chlorite-schists in a tourmalinedominated *** confirms that most of the clay minerals are detrital in origin but authigenic kaolinite is also present as vermiform and mica-replacive kaolinite which formed during early diagenetic modification from flushing meteoric waters in warm humid *** study is significant because it demonstrates the importance of multi-proxy methods for understanding clay minerals within sedimentary basins for interpreting the paleoclimatic conditions of depositional systems.

关键词： clay minerals kaolinite Lower Cretaceous English Wealden QEMSCAN^(R)

Neurological heterotopic ossification:novel mechanisms,prognostic biomarkers and prophylactic therapies

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Bone Research 2020年第4期8卷 379-392页

作者： Ker Rui Wong Richelle Mychasiuk Terence J.o’Brien Sandy R.Shultz stuart J.McDonald Rhys D.Brady Department of Neuroscience Central Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourneVICAustralia Department of Medicine Royal Melbourne HospitalThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVICAustralia Department of Physiology Anatomy and MicrobiologySchool of Life SciencesLa Trobe UniversityBundooraVICAustralia

Neurological heterotopic ossification(NHo)is a debilitating condition where bone forms in soft tissue,such as muscle surrounding the hip and knee,following an injury to the brain or spinal *** abnormal formation of bone can result in nerve impingement,pain,contractures and impaired *** are often diagnosed with NHo after the bone tissue has completely mineralised,leaving invasive surgical resection the only remaining treatment *** resection of NHo creates potential for added complications,particularly in patients with concomitant injury to the central nervous system(CNS).Although recent work has begun to shed light on the physiological mechanisms involved in NHo,there remains a significant knowledge gap related to the prognostic biomarkers and prophylactic treatments which are necessary to prevent NHo and optimise patient *** article reviews the current understanding pertaining to NHo epidemiology,pathobiology,biomarkers and treatment *** particular,we focus on how concomitant CNS injury may drive ectopic bone formation and discuss considerations for treating polytrauma patients with *** conclude that understanding of the pathogenesis of NHo is rapidly advancing,and as such,there is the strong potential for future research to unearth methods capable of identifying patients likely to develop NHo,and targeted treatments to prevent its manifestation.

关键词： such has likely

Niobium in Microalloyed Steels Unchallenged for Its Main Applications

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2011年第S1期18卷 57-65页

作者： Nogueira Marcos A stuart Carneiro Tadeu Companhia Brasileira de Metalurgia e Minerao Technical DirectorSao PauloBrazil Companhia Brasileira de Metalurgia e Minerao Managing DirectorSao PauloBrazil

During the past five decades niobium has emerged as the most important microalloying element in high strength *** first theories to explain its role were presented in the seminal publications of Woodhead,Morrison and *** niobium microalloyed steels are unchallenged for their main *** examples include linepipe for gas transportation,automotive steels used in body-in-white and structural parts,shipbuilding,steel towers and steel structures in civil construction that exhibit better fire resistance and seismic load *** technology for steelmaking helped emphasize the superior overall properties that can be attained with the use of *** linepipe is the best example of cleaner steel with carbon levels below 0.05% manufactured *** niobium microalloyed steels present the optimal balance of strength,toughness,weldability and *** paper describes the evolution of the technology associated with niobium in microalloyed steels,technology that secured its status as the efficient solution to solving today’s challenges:safety,energy efficiency and environmental *** paper also presents evidence that enhances the case that there is a secure,stable,long-term supply of the ferroniobium used to manufacture these steels.

关键词： Niobium in Microalloyed Steels Unchallenged for Its Main Applications