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The influence of resistance exercise training prescription variables on skeletal muscle mass,strength,and physical function in healthy adults:An umbrella review

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第1期13卷 47-60页

作者： Jonathan C.mcleod Brad S.Currier Caroline V.Lowisz stuart m.phil.ips Department of Kinesiology Faculty of ScienceMcMaster UniversityHamilton L8S4L8Canada

Purpose:The aim of this umbrella review was to determine the impact of resistance training(RT)and individual RT prescription variables on muscle mass,strength,and physical function in healthy ***:Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and meta-Analyses(PRISmA)guidelines,we systematically searched and screened eligible systematic reviews reporting the effects of differing RT prescription variables on muscle mass(or its proxies),strength,and/or physical function in healthy adults aged>18 ***:We identified 44 systematic reviews that met our inclusion *** methodological quality of these reviews was assessed using A measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews;standardized effectiveness statements were *** found that RT was consistently a potent stimulus for increasing skeletal muscle mass(4/4 reviews provide some or sufficient evidence),strength(4/6 reviews provided some or sufficient evidence),and physical function(1/1 review provided some evidence).RT load(6/8 reviews provided some or sufficient evidence),weekly frequency(2/4 reviews provided some or sufficient evidence),volume(3/7 reviews provided some or sufficient evidence),and exercise order(1/1 review provided some evidence)impacted RT-induced increases in muscular *** discovered that 2/3 reviews provided some or sufficient evidence that RT volume and contraction velocity influenced skeletal muscle mass,while 4/7 reviews provided insufficient evidence in favor of RT load impacting skeletal muscle *** was insufficient evidence to conclude that time of day,periodization,inter-set rest,set configuration,set end point,contraction velocity/time under tension,or exercise order(only pertaining to hypertrophy)influenced skeletal muscle adaptations.A paucity of data limited insights into the impact of RT prescription variables on physical ***:Overall,RT increased muscle mass,strength,and physical function compared to no ***

关键词： Hypertrophy Resistance training Resistance training prescription variables Strength Umbrella review

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Biofabrication of nanocomposite-based scaffolds containing human bone extracellularmatrix for the differentiation of skeletal stem and progenitor cells

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Bio-Design and manufacturing 2024年第2期7卷 121-136页

作者： Yang-Hee Kim Janos m.Kanczler stuart Lanham Andrew Rawlings marta Roldo Gianluca Tozzi Jonathan I.Dawson Gianluca Cidonio Richard O.C.Oreffo Faculty of medicine Bone and Joint Research GroupCentre for Human DevelopmentStem Cells and RegenerationInstitute of Developmental SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthampton SO166YDUK School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science University of PortsmouthPortsmouth PO12DTUK School of Engineering Faculty of Engineering and ScienceUniversity of GreenwichGreenwich ME44TBUK Center for Life Nano-and Neuro-Science(CLN2S) Italian Institute of Technology00161 RomeItaly

Autograft or metal implants are routinely used in skeletal ***,they fail to provide long-term clinical resolution,necessitating a functional biomimetic tissue engineering *** use of native human bone tissue for synthesizing a biomimeticmaterial inkfor three-dimensional(3D)bioprintingof skeletal tissueis anattractivestrategyfor ***,human bone extracellular matrix(bone-ECm)offers an exciting potential for the development of an appropriate microenvironment for human bone marrow stromal cells(HBmSCs)to proliferate and differentiate along the osteogenic *** this study,we engineered a novel material ink(LAB)by blending human bone-ECm(B)with nanoclay(L,Laponite®)and alginate(A)polymers using extrusion-based *** inclusion of the nanoﬁller and polymeric material increased the rheology,printability,and drug retention properties and,critically,the preservation of HBmSCs viability upon *** composite of human bone-ECm-based 3D constructs containing vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)enhanced vascularization after implantation in an ex vivo chick chorioallantoic membrane(CAm)*** inclusion of bone morphogenetic protein-2(BmP-2)with the HBmSCs further enhanced vascularization and mineralization after only seven *** study demonstrates the synergistic combination of nanoclay with biomimetic materials(alginate and bone-ECm)to support the formation of osteogenic tissue both in vitro and ex vivo and offers a promising novel 3D bioprinting approach to personalized skeletal tissue repair.

关键词： Extracellular matrix Nanoclay Bone 3D bioprinting

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Human biomonitoring of novel brominated flame retardants:A review on invasive and non-invasive biomarkers

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Emerging Contaminants 2024年第3期10卷 374-385页

作者： Oluwatoyin m.Olagoke Temilola O.Oluseyi Kelechi L.Njoku stuart Harrad mohamed Abou-Elwafa Abdallah Department of Cell Biology and Genetics Faculty of ScienceUniversity of LagosAkokaLagos101017Nigeria Department of Chemistry Faculty of ScienceUniversity of LagosAkokaLagos101017Nigeria School of Geography Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamB152TTUnited Kingdom

Novel brominated flame retardants(NBFRs)are a group of chemicals applied mainly as alternatives to the phased-out polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs).However,toxicological studies show that NBFRs may pose health risks similar to *** present study reviews available information on the biomonitoring of NBFRs and their metabolites in humans through invasive and non-invasive biomarkers,as well as the toxicological effects of these chemicals both in vivo and in *** general,higher concentrations of NBFRs were reported in tissues of occupationally exposed adults from NBFR production facilities,e-waste recycling facilities and inhabitants living close to these areas,compared to the general *** is worth noting that NBFR human biomonitoring data are limited to few countries located in North America,Europe and Asia,while data from developing countries are *** from in vivo and in vitro toxicity studies show that several NBFRs can cause adverse health effects through various modes of action,mainly:hormone disruption,genotoxicity,endocrine disruption,and behavioural *** few studies have investigated the biotransformation of NBFRs in humans,evidence suggests that the toxicity of some NBFRs may be augmented through their metabolites,as in the case of 2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoic acid(TBBA),which may exhibit higher toxicity than its parent compound 2-ethylhexyl-2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate(EH-TBB).more research is required to assess toxicity thresholds,toxic endpoints,and tolerable intakes for various NBFRs,and their metabolites in *** epidemiological studies are highly recommended to further understand the risk arising from human exposure to different NBFRs,particularly in occupational settings.

关键词： NBFRs Human biomonitoring Human exposure Biomarkers metabolites

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Additively manufactured Ti–Ta–Cu alloys for the next-generation load-bearing implants

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International Journal of Extreme manufacturing 2024年第1期6卷 353-374页

作者： Amit Bandyopadhyay Indranath mitra Sushant Ciliveri Jose D Avila William Dernell stuart B Goodman Susmita Bose W.m.Keck Biomedical materials Research Laboratory School of Mechanical and Materials EngineeringWashington State UniversityPullmanWA 99164United States of America Veterinary Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary MedicineWashington State UniversityPullmanWA 99164United States of America Department of Orthopedic Surgery Stanford University Medical CenterRedwood CityCA 94063United States of America

Bacterial colonization of orthopedic implants is one of the leading causes of failure and clinical complexities for load-bearing metallic implants. Topical or systemic administration of antibiotics may not offer the most efficient defense against colonization, especially in the case of secondary infection, leading to surgical removal of implants and in some cases even limbs. In this study, laser powder bed fusion was implemented to fabricate Ti3Al2V alloy by a 1:1 weight mixture of CpTi and Ti6Al4V powders. Ti-Tantalum(Ta)–Copper(Cu) alloys were further analyzed by the addition of Ta and Cu into the Ti3Al2V custom alloy. The biological,mechanical, and tribo-biocorrosion properties of Ti3Al2V alloy were evaluated. A 10 wt.% Ta(10Ta) and 3 wt.% Cu(3Cu) were added to the Ti3Al2V alloy to enhance biocompatibility and impart inherent bacterial resistance. Additively manufactured implants were investigated for resistance against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus strains of bacteria for up to 48 h. A 3 wt.% Cu addition to Ti3Al2V displayed improved antibacterial efficacy, i.e.78%–86% with respect to CpTi. mechanical properties for Ti3Al2V–10Ta–3Cu alloy were evaluated, demonstrating excellent fatigue resistance, exceptional shear strength, and improved tribological and tribo-biocorrosion characteristics when compared to Ti6Al4V. In vivo studies using a rat distal femur model revealed improved early-stage osseointegration for alloys with10 wt.% Ta addition compared to CpTi and Ti6Al4V. The 3 wt.% Cu-added compositions displayed biocompatibility and no adverse infammatory response in vivo. Our results establish the Ti3Al2V–10Ta–3Cu alloy’s synergistic effect on improving both in vivo biocompatibility and microbial resistance for the next generation of load-bearing metallic implants.

关键词： Ti6Al4V load-bearing implants additive manufacturing 3D printing antibacterial performance

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modelling the development of biological structures displaying longitudinal geometries in vitro:culturing pluripotent stem cells on plasma-treated,growth factor-coupled polycaprolactone fibres

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Engineered Regeneration 2024年第1期5卷 124-138页

作者： Badwi B.Boumelhem stuart T.Fraser Syamak Farajikhah Rachel A.Shparberg michael B.morris marcela m.m.Bilek Anyu Zhang Behnam Akhavan Simon Fleming maryanne Large School of Physics Faculty of ScienceUniversity of SydneyAustralia Sydney Nano Institute University of SydneyAustralia School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of SydneyAustralia School of medical Sciences Faculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of SydneyAustralia School of Biomedical Engineering Faculty of EngineeringUniversity of SydneyAustralia School of Engineering University of NewcastleCallaghanNSW 2308Australia Hunter medical Research Institute(HmRI) Precision Medicine ProgramNew Lambton Heights NSW 2305Australia

many biological structures such as nerves,blood and lymphatic vessels,and muscle fibres exhibit longitudinal ge-ometries with distinct cell types extending along both the length and width of internal linear *** these three-dimensional structures in vitro is challenging:the best-defined stem-cell differentiation systems are mono-layer cultures or organoids using pluripotent stem *** stem cells can differentiate into functionally mature cells depending on the signals received,holding great promise for regenerative ***,the integration of in vitro differentiated cell types into diseased tissue remains a *** scaffolds can bridge this gap if the appropriate signalling systems are incorporated into the ***,we have taken a biomimicry approach to generate longitudinal structures in *** this approach,mouse embryonic stem cells are directed to differentiate to specific cell types on the surface of polycaprolactone(PCL)fibres treated by plasma-immersion ion implantation and to which with lineage-specifying molecules have been covalently *** demonstrate the simplicity and utility of our method for efficiently generating high yields of the following cell types from these pluripotent stem cells:neurons,vascular endothelial cells,osteoclasts,adipocytes,and cells of the erythroid,myeloid,and lymphoid *** arranged plasma-treated scaffolds with differentiated cell types could ultimately serve as a means for the repair or treatment of diseased or damaged tissue.

关键词： Pluripotent stem cells Lineage commitment Growth factors Biomaterial engineering Plasma-immersion ion implantation Covalent biomolecule attachment Polycaprolactone

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The new kid on the block in insect pest management:sprayable RNAi goes commercial

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第8期67卷 1766-1768页

作者： Junjie Yan Ralf Nauen stuart Reitz Andrei Alyokhin Jiang Zhang David mota-Sanchez Yonggyun Kim Subba Reddy Palli Silvia I.Rondon Brian A.Nault Juan Luis Jurat-Fuentes michael S.Crossley William E.Snyder Angharad m.R.Gatehouse myron P.Zalucki Bruce E.Tabashnik Yulin Gao State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests Institute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100193China Bayer AG Crop Science DivisionR&DPest ControlMonheim 40789Germany Department of Crop and Soil Science Oregon State UniversityOntario 97914USA School of Biology and Ecology University of MaineOrono 04469USA Shenzhen Branch Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern AgricultureKey Laboratory of Synthetic BiologyMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsAgricultural Genomics Institute at ShenzhenChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesShenzhen 518000China Department of Entomology Michigan State UniversityEast Lansing 48864USA Department of Plant medicals Andong National UniversityAndong 36729Republic of Korea Department of Entomology University of KentuckyLexington 40503USA Oregon State University Oregon Integrated Pest Management CenterCorvallis 97838USA Department of Entomology Cornell UniversityCornell AgriTechGeneva 14456USA Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology University of TennesseeKnoxville 37996USA Department of Entomology and Wildlife Ecology University of DelawareNewark 19716USA Department of Entomology University of GeorgiaAthensGeorgia 30602USA School of Natural and Environmental Sciences Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneNE17RUUK School of the Environment University of QueenslandBrisbane 4072Australia Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest management College of Plant Health and MedicineQingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdao 266109China Department of Entomology University of ArizonaTucson 85721USA National Center of Excellence for Tuber and Root Crop Research Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China

Insect pest damage to crops is a threat to global food security(Tilman et al.,2011).Climate change,the evolution of insecticide resistance,and the phasing out of insecticides due to environmental and safety concerns exacerbate this *** urgently need safe and effective crop protection tools to sustainably generate yields that meet ever-increasing global demand.

关键词： crops damage pest

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Ergodicity and Accuracy of Optimal Particle Filters for Bayesian Data Assimilation

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Chinese Annals of mathematics,Series B 2019年第5期40卷 811-842页

作者： David KELLY Andrew m.stuart Courant Institute of mathematical Sciences New York UniversityNew YorkUSAThe Voleon Group2150 Dwight WayBerkeleyCA94704USA Department of Computing and mathematical Sciences California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCA91125USA.

Data assimilation refers to the methodology of combining dynamical models and observed data with the objective of improving state estimation. most data assimilation algorithms are viewed as approximations of the Bayesian posterior(filtering distribution)on the signal given the observations. Some of these approximations are controlled, such as particle filters which may be refined to produce the true filtering distribution in the large particle number limit, and some are uncontrolled, such as ensemble Kalman filter methods which do not recover the true filtering distribution in the large ensemble limit. Other data assimilation algorithms, such as cycled 3 DVAR methods, may be thought of as controlled estimators of the state, in the small observational noise scenario, but are also uncontrolled in general in relation to the true filtering distribution. For particle filters and ensemble Kalman filters it is of practical importance to understand how and why data assimilation methods can be effective when used with a fixed small number of particles, since for many large-scale applications it is not practical to deploy algorithms close to the large particle limit asymptotic. In this paper, the authors address this question for particle filters and,in particular, study their accuracy(in the small noise limit) and ergodicity(for noisy signal and observation) without appealing to the large particle number limit. The authors first overview the accuracy and minorization properties for the true filtering distribution,working in the setting of conditional Gaussianity for the dynamics-observation model. They then show that these properties are inherited by optimal particle filters for any fixed number of particles, and use the minorization to establish ergodicity of the filters. For completeness we also prove large particle number consistency results for the optimal particle filters, by writing the update equations for the underlying distributions as recursions. In addition to loo

关键词： Particle filters Data assimilation Ergodic theory

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The use of in-situ cosmogenic ^(21)Ne in studies on long-term landscape development

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Acta Geochimica 2018年第2期37卷 310-322页

作者： Yan ma Finlay m. stuart State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics Institute of Geology China Earthquake Administration Beijing 100029 China Isotope Geosciences Unit Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre Scottish Enterprise Technology Park East Kilbride G75 0QF UK

Cosmogenic Ne isotopes are stable and are routinely used for constraining the timing of events and the rate of surface change beyond the limit that can be studied with radionuclides ^10Be, ^26Al, and ^36Cl. Cosmogenic Ne analysis can be used in quartz and in a range of other minerals. Analysis typically requires significantly less material than do cosmogenic ^10Be and ^26Al, opening up the technique for small samples--individual pebbles in fiver sediments, for example. Analysis is easier and faster than for radionuclides, not least because Ne measurements do not require significant chemical procedures. However, the presence of other sources of Ne in minerals tends to restrict the use of cosmogenic ^21Ne to old landscapes and long exposure durations. In this review we briefly outline the background of cosmogenic Ne production in rocks and minerals at the Earth＇s surface, then document the key uses of the technique by highlighting some earlier studies, and finish with a short perspective on the future of the technique.

关键词： Cosmogenic nuclides ^21Ne Long timescale Landscape evolution

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2023年美国麻醉医师学会神经肌肉阻滞监测与拮抗实践指南:美国麻醉医师学会工作组关于神经肌肉阻滞的报告

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中华麻醉学杂志 2024年第5期44卷 518-542页

作者： Stephan R.Thilen Wade A.Weigel michael m.Todd Richard P.Dutton Cynthia A.Lien stuart A.Grant Joseph W.Szokol Lars I.Eriksson myron Yaster mark D.Grant madhulika Agarkar Anne m.marbella Jaime F.Blanck Karen B.Domino 西雅图华盛顿州明尼阿波里斯明尼苏达州达拉斯得克萨斯州密尔沃基威斯康星州教堂山北卡罗来纳州洛杉矶加利福尼亚州斯德哥尔摩瑞典丹佛科罗拉多州绍姆堡伊利诺斯州巴尔的摩马里兰州

本实践指南基于证据提供了全身麻醉期间及术后神经肌肉功能监测与阻滞拮抗的管理推荐。主要关注神经肌肉功能监测的类型与部位及阻滞拮抗的过程,以减少肌肉松弛药残留阻滞。

关键词：神经肌肉阻滞肌肉松弛药神经肌肉功能监测舒更葡糖钠新斯的明

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Systemic therapy of non-colorectal gastrointestinal malignancies in the elderly

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Cancer Biology & medicine 2015年第4期12卷 284-291页

作者： Avni m.Desai stuart m.Lichtman Department of medicine Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew York

In the coming years life expectancy is expected to increase and with this the percentage of the population above age 65 will grow. Patients above 65 make up more than two thirds of those currently diagnosed with gastrointestinal malignancies. Available evidence based medicine does not focus on the average patient, above the age 70, encountered in every day practice. most guidelines and clinical trials are not designed to take into account the special considerations needed when treating the elderly such as functional status, comorbidities, polypharmacy, life expectancy, and social support. The majority of available data is based on retrospective reviews or subset analyses of larger studies where the elderly represent a fraction of the studied population. This review focuses on the toxicities and tolerability of current standard therapies for noncolorectal gastrointestinal malignancies, including gastroesophageal, pancreatic, bile duct and hepatocellular cancers in the elderly. With careful patient selection and geriatric assessment the elderly can safely benefit from standard therapies offered to younger patients.

关键词： Pancreatic cancer esophageal cancer biliary cancer hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) chemotherapy elderly geriatrics gastric cancer

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