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Electrophysiological assessment of primary cortical neurons genetically engineered using iron oxide nanoparticles

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Nano Research 2017年第8期10卷 2881-2890页

作者： Michael g. Evans Arwa Al-Shakli stuart I. Jenkins Divya M. Chari School of Life Sciences Keele University Keele Staffordshire ST5 5BG UK Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine Keele University Keele Staffordshire ST5 5BG UK

The development of safe technologies to genetically modify neurons is of great interest in regenerative neurology, for both translational and basic science applications. Such approaches have conventionally been heavily reliant on viral transduction methods, which have safety and production limitations. Magnetofection （magnet-assisted gene transfer using iron oxide nanoparticles as vectors） has emerged as a highly promising non-viral alternative for safe and reproducible genetic modification of neurons. Despite the high potential of this technology, there is an important gap in our knowledge of the safety of this approach, namely, whether it alters neuronal function in adverse ways, such as by altering neuronal excitability and signaling. We have investigated the effects of magnetofection in primary cortical neurons by examining neuronal excitability using the whole cell patch clamp technique. We found no evidence that magnetofection alters the voltage-dependent sodium and potassium ionic currents that underpin excitability. Our study provides important new data supporting magnetofection as a safe technology for bioengineering of neuronal cell populations.

关键词： transfection magnetic nanoparticle green fluorescent protein (gFP) whole-cell patch clamp fluorescence microscopy

Microalloyed Steels for Heat Treating Applications at Higher Process Temperatures

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2011年第S1期18卷 80-89页

作者： David K.Matlock John g.Speer Steven g.Jansto Marcus stuart Advanced Steel Processing and Products Research Center Colorado School of MinesGoldenColorado USA CBMM-Reference Metals BridgevillePA CBMM Sao PauloBrasil

The potential is considered for use of microalloyed bar steels,in conjunction with thermomechanical processing,to enhance the properties of steels heat treated at higher process temperatures than have been used *** examples are highlighted:microalloyed spring steels with enhanced resistance to tempering and Nb-modified gear steels for high temperature vacuum carburizing,*** the order of 1050℃ versus 930℃ for a typical gas carburizing *** the spring steel example,the Nb+V steel results in significantly finer prior austenite grain sizes than the other steels considered,enhanced fatigue performance,and improved *** the Nb-modified carburizing steel,Nb additions up to 0.1 wt pct to a Ti-modified 8620 steel,in conjunction with thermomechanical processing to control initial precipitate distributions prior to carburizing,are shown to lead to materials with improved resistance to abnormal austenitic grain growth at the higher process *** content and heating rate to the carburizing temperature were shown to be important variables and suppression of abnormal grain growth was correlated with the development of a critical distribution of fine NbC precipitates,stable at the austenitizing temperature leading to improved fatigue performance in steels with fine and uniform grain *** for extending the results of this study to alloy design and controlled rolling in bar mills are assessed.

关键词： microalloying niobium thermomechanical processing carburizing abnormal grain growth

Evaluation of cone fishways to facilitate passage of small-bodied fish

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Aquaculture and Fisheries 2021年第2期6卷 125-134页

作者： Ivor g.stuart Timothy J.Marsden Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Department of EnvironmentLandWater and Planning123 Brown StreetHeidelbergVictoria 3084Australia Australasian Fish Passage Services 6 Spinifex StreetFern BayNew South Wales 2295Australia

Fishways are being provided more regularly than ever before and new designs are needed to provide passage for whole fish *** recent progress,fishways have frequently performed poorly,especially for small-bodied fish(i.e.10-100 mm long),which can form large aggregations below stream *** was the genesis for the development of the cone fishway design,a new style of technical fishway which consists of a series of pre-fabricated cone-shaped concrete baffles installed laterally within a concrete *** cone design arose from the need to install rock ramp fishways at remote sites where rock was unavailable and where maintenance would be *** objective of the present study was to evaluate the suitability of the new cone fishway design to provide passage for small-bodied diadromous species(i.e.g).Cone fishways were evaluated at three low head(e.g.gh)case-study sites in tropical and temperate Australia and in total,45 species and 28,556 fish were *** was passage of a broad range of the target size-classes of small-bodied fish and individuals as small as nine mm could ***,further work is needed to quantify the proportion of the small-bodied fish population in the river downstream which find and pass through the cone *** most suitable experimental application of the cone fishway is at sites where there is:(i)a narrow(e.g.ge,and(ii)where passage of small-bodied fish is a major ecological *** fishways provide a useful and novel option to improve passage of small-bodied fish,at appropriate sites,and contribute to a contemporary vision of restoration of whole fish communities.

关键词： fishway fish migration fish communities Australia tidal barrier Fitzroy River Norman River Maribyrnong River

Refractory very early-onset inflammatory bowel disease associated with cytosolic isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase deficiency:A case report

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World Journal of gastroenterology 2020年第15期26卷 1841-1846页

作者： Andrew Fagbemi William g Newman stuart g Tangye Stephen M Hughes Edmund Cheesman Peter D Arkwright Department of Paediatric gastroenterology Royal Manchester Children’s HospitalManchester M199WLUnited Kingdom Department of Medical genetics Manchester University NHS Foundation TrustManchester M139WLUnited Kingdom Evolution and genomic Sciences University of ManchesterManchester M139WLUnited Kingdom garvan Institute of Medical Research DarlinghurstNSW 2010Australia St Vincent’s Clinical School Faculty of MedicineUNSW AustraliaSydneyNSW 2010Australia Department of Paediatric Allergy and Immunology Royal Manchester Children’s HospitalManchester M139WLUnited Kingdom Department of Paediatric Histopathology St Mary’s HospitalManchester M139WLUnited Kingdom Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation University of ManchesterManchester M139WLUnited Kingdom

BACKgROUND Aminoacyl tRNA synthetases/ligases(ARSs)are highly conserved enzymes involved in attaching amino acids to tRNA promoting protein *** deficiencies of ARSs localized to the mitochondria classically present with neuropathology,the clinical features of cytosolic ARS deficiencies are more *** have previously been associated with neonatal hepatitis,but never with early-onset inflammatory bowel *** SUMMARY A nine-year-old Bangladeshi boy presented with neonatal liver failure and deranged clotting,transaminitis and *** parents were first *** older brothers and a sister were *** patient suffered from loose stools from early infancy which became more troublesome and persistent from five years old with ten bloody motions a *** endoscopies showed persistent pancolitis,which was refractory to mesalazine,corticosteroids,azathioprine,sirolimus and anti-TNF(adalimumab)therapy,but has improved recently with subcutaneous *** genome Sequencing revealed a novel pathogenic missense variant(c.290A>g)in the cytosolic isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase gene,leading to an amino acid substitution(***97gly).Pathogenic variants in other genes associated with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)(ADAM17,EgFR,FOXP3,IL10RA,IL10RB,IL21R,NCF4,STAT3)were *** assays demonstrated markedly elevated IL-2,IL-5,IL-13,IL-9 and IL-10 by the patient’s CD4+T-cells,while IL-17A,IL-17F,IFNβwere lower,and TNFαnot significantly different when compared to healthy *** This case report provides evidence that recessive mutations in cytosolic isoleucyltRNA synthetase are a novel monogenic cause of IBD,which should be considered,particularly in infants and children with a history of neonatal hepatitis and very early-onset IBD poorly responsive to treatment.

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease Hepatitis gene Cytosolic isoleucine tRNA synthase

The use of in-situ cosmogenic ^(21)Ne in studies on long-term landscape development

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Acta geochimica 2018年第2期37卷 310-322页

作者： Yan Ma Finlay M. stuart State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics Institute of Geology China Earthquake Administration Beijing 100029 China Isotope geosciences Unit Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre Scottish Enterprise Technology Park East Kilbride G75 0QF UK

Cosmogenic Ne isotopes are stable and are routinely used for constraining the timing of events and the rate of surface change beyond the limit that can be studied with radionuclides ^10Be, ^26Al, and ^36Cl. Cosmogenic Ne analysis can be used in quartz and in a range of other minerals. Analysis typically requires significantly less material than do cosmogenic ^10Be and ^26Al, opening up the technique for small samples--individual pebbles in fiver sediments, for example. Analysis is easier and faster than for radionuclides, not least because Ne measurements do not require significant chemical procedures. However, the presence of other sources of Ne in minerals tends to restrict the use of cosmogenic ^21Ne to old landscapes and long exposure durations. In this review we briefly outline the background of cosmogenic Ne production in rocks and minerals at the Earth＇s surface, then document the key uses of the technique by highlighting some earlier studies, and finish with a short perspective on the future of the technique.

关键词： Cosmogenic nuclides ^21Ne Long timescale Landscape evolution

Prevalence and associations of non-retinopathy ocular conditions among older Australians with self-reported diabetes:The National Eye Health Survey

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2020年第10期13卷 1642-1651页

作者： Joshua Foreman stuart Keel Myra B Mcguinness Jonathan g Crowston Hugh R Taylor Mohamed Dirani Centre for Eye Research Australia the Royal Victorian Eye&Ear HospitalVictoria 3002MelbourneAustralia Ophthalmology Department of Surgerythe University of MelbourneVictoria 3010MelbourneAustralia Indigenous Eye Health Unit Melbourne School of Population and Global Healththe University of MelbourneVictoria 3010MelbourneAustralia Singapore Eye Research Institute Singapore National Eye Centre168751Singapore

AIM:To determine the prevalence and associations of non-retinopathy ocular conditions among older Australian adults with ***:Multistage random-cluster sampling was used to select 3098 non-indigenous Australians aged 50 y or older(46.4%male)and 1738 indigenous Australians aged 40 y or older(41.1%male)from all levels of geographic remoteness in *** underwent a standardised questionnaire to ascertain diabetes history,and a clinical examination to identify eye *** determined the prevalence of uncorrected refractive error,visually significant cataract,cataract surgery,age-related macular degeneration,glaucoma,ocular hypertension,retinal vein occlusion and epiretinal membrane among those with and without self-reported ***:Participants with self-reported diabetes had a higher prevalence of cataract surgery than those without diabetes(28.8%vs 16.9%,OR 1.78,95%CI:1.35-2.34 among non-indigenous Australians,and 11.3%vs 5.2%,OR 1.62,95%CI:1.22-2.14 among indigenous Australians).Diabetic retinopathy(DR)increased the odds of cataract surgery among self-reported diabetic indigenous and nonindigenous Australians(OR 1.89,P=0.004 and OR 2.33,Pg diabetes for≥20 y and having vision-threatening DR increased the odds of cataract surgery among indigenous Australians with diabetes(OR 3.73,P=0.001 and 7.58,Pg diabetes epidemic,interventions to reduce the impact of diabetes-related blindness should include increased cataract surgery services.

关键词： retinopathy diabetes prevalence public health national survey cataract

The effects of gonadal hormones on learning and memory in male mammals： A review

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Current Zoology 2011年第4期57卷 543-558页

作者： stuart T. LEONARD Peter J. WINSAUER Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center 1901 Perdido Street New Orleans LA 70112-1393

The primary role of the gonadal steroid hormones in mammals is to regulate reproduction and related behaviors; however, both androgens and estrogens are also integrally involved in mediating higher brain function and processes including cognition, neural development, and neural plasticity. In particular, a number of studies show that estradiol modulates dendritic spine growth and synapse density （synaptic plasticity） in the hippocampus of females, and that increased estradiol levels are generally associated with improvements on a variety of learning and memory tasks. While the majority of research has focused on the beneficial effects of estradiol in females, much less attention has been given to testosterone and its effects on learning and memory in males. Similar to estradiol titers in females, testosterone titers in males decline with age, albeit more gradually, and this decline has been correlated with impairment of certain cognitive tasks. Moreover, studies involving both humans and animals indicate that testosterone and its metabolites can augment responding on certain behavioral tasks, depending on the subject＇s current hormonal state, the response required, and the stimuli involved （e.g., those involving spatial or nonspatial stimuli）. While the exact mechanisms by which testosterone exerts its effects on learning and memory are not fully understood, recent findings suggest that testosterone modulates learning and memory in males through an interaction with the cholinergic system. The overall objective of this review is to discuss studies investigating the role of the gonadal hormones in mediating learning and memory processes in male mammals [Current Zoology 57 （4）： 543-558, 2011].

关键词： Testosterone Learning and memory Cholinergic system Mammals Cognition Androgens

Taking FAIR on the ChIN:The Chemistry Implementation Network

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Data Intelligence 2020年第1期2卷 131-138,310页

作者： Simon J.Coles Jeremy g.Frey Egon L.Willighagen stuart J.Chalk School of Chemistry Faculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthampton SO171BJUK Department of Bioinformatics Maastricht UniversityMaastrichtLimburg 6200 MDThe Netherlands Department of Chemistry University of North FloridaJacksonvilleFL 32224-7699USA

The Chemistry Implementation Network(ChIN)is focused on supporting the FAIR Data needs of the research community regarding chemical related *** Implementation Network is a consortium drawn from a community,in this case the chemistry discipline,committed to defining and constructing standards,materials and software in the spirit of the FAIR data principles and under the structure of the gO FAIR ***,as a core science the ChIN has to reach beyond the chemistry community and support the use of chemical information in other *** will be facilitated through connections in the gO FAIR ecosystem of Implementation *** of the FAIR chemical concepts that need to be supported include molecular and materials structures,chemical reactions,nomenclature and other chemical terminology and *** ChIN aims to drive forward the application of the FAIR Data Principles relating to the full range of chemistry concepts that are key to the transparent and efficient communication of chemical *** the goal of FAIR chemistry data will require a culture change across the *** this is best addressed once a critical mass of tools and approaches has been developed.

关键词： Chemistry Chemical information Chemistry data Chemical data standards Infrastructure Nomenclature Molecular structure Materials structure Chemical reactions Education Community engagement Endorsement and governance

Tracking invasion and invasiveness in Queensland fruit flies： From classical genetics to ＇omics＇

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Current Zoology 2015年第3期61卷 477-487页

作者： William B. SHERWIN Marianne FROMMER John A. SVED Kathryn A. RAPHAEL John g. OAKESHOTT Deborah C.A. SHEARMAN A. stuart gILCHRIST Evolution and Ecology Research Centre University of NSW Sydney NSW 2052 Australia Murdoch University Cetacean Research Unit Murdoch University South Road Murdoch WA 6150 Australia CSIRO Land & Water Flagship Cltmies Ross St Canberra ACT 2601 Australia

Three Australian tephritid fruit flies （Bactrocera tryoni - Q-fly, Bactrocera neohumeralis - NEO, and Bactrocera jarvisi - JAR） are promising models for genetic studies of pest status and invasiveness. The long history of ecological and physi- ological studies of the three species has been augmented by the development of a range of genetic and genomic tools, including the capacity for forced multigeneration crosses between the three species followed by selection experiments, a draft genome for Q-fly, and tissue- and stage-specific transcriptomes. The Q-fly and NEO species pair is of particular interest. The distribution of NEO is contained entirely within the wider distribution of Q-fly and the two species are ecologically extremely similar, with no known differences in pheromones, temperature tolerance, or host-fruit utilisation. However there are three clear differences be- tween them： humeral callus colour, complete pre-mating isolation based on mating time-of-day, and invasiveness. NEO is much less invasive, whereas in historical times Q-fly has invaded southeastern Australia and areas of Western Australia and the North- em Territory. In southeastern fruit-growing regions, microsatellites suggest that some of these outbreaks might derive from ge- netically differentiated populations overwintering in or near the invaded area. Q-fly and NEO show very limited genome diffe- rentiation, so comparative genomic analyses and QTL mapping should be able to identify the regions of the genome controlling mating time and invasiveness, to assess the genetic bases for the invasive strains of Q-fly, and to facilitate a variety of improve- ments to current sterile insect control strategies for that species

关键词： Bactrocera genomics STERILE-insect-technique Interspecific-hybridisation