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Additively manufactured Ti–Ta–Cu alloys for the next-generation load-bearing implants

International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing 2024年第1期6卷 353-374页

作者： Amit Bandyopadhyay Indranath Mitra Sushant Ciliveri Jose d Avila William dernell stuart B Goodman Susmita Bose W.M.Keck Biomedical Materials Research Laboratory School of Mechanical and Materials EngineeringWashington State UniversityPullmanWA 99164United States of America Veterinary Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary MedicineWashington State UniversityPullmanWA 99164United States of America department of Orthopedic Surgery Stanford University Medical CenterRedwood CityCA 94063United States of America

Bacterial colonization of orthopedic implants is one of the leading causes of failure and clinical complexities for load-bearing metallic implants. Topical or systemic administration of antibiotics may not offer the most efficient defense against colonization, especially in the case of secondary infection, leading to surgical removal of implants and in some cases even limbs. In this study, laser powder bed fusion was implemented to fabricate Ti3Al2V alloy by a 1:1 weight mixture of CpTi and Ti6Al4V powders. Ti-Tantalum(Ta)–Copper(Cu) alloys were further analyzed by the addition of Ta and Cu into the Ti3Al2V custom alloy. The biological,mechanical, and tribo-biocorrosion properties of Ti3Al2V alloy were evaluated. A 10 wt.% Ta(10Ta) and 3 wt.% Cu(3Cu) were added to the Ti3Al2V alloy to enhance biocompatibility and impart inherent bacterial resistance. Additively manufactured implants were investigated for resistance against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus strains of bacteria for up to 48 h. A 3 wt.% Cu addition to Ti3Al2V displayed improved antibacterial efficacy, i.e.78%–86% with respect to CpTi. Mechanical properties for Ti3Al2V–10Ta–3Cu alloy were evaluated, demonstrating excellent fatigue resistance, exceptional shear strength, and improved tribological and tribo-biocorrosion characteristics when compared to Ti6Al4V. In vivo studies using a rat distal femur model revealed improved early-stage osseointegration for alloys with10 wt.% Ta addition compared to CpTi and Ti6Al4V. The 3 wt.% Cu-added compositions displayed biocompatibility and no adverse infammatory response in vivo. Our results establish the Ti3Al2V–10Ta–3Cu alloy’s synergistic effect on improving both in vivo biocompatibility and microbial resistance for the next generation of load-bearing metallic implants.

关键词： Ti6Al4V load-bearing implants additive manufacturing 3d printing antibacterial performance

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developing Extensible Lattice-Boltzmann Simulators for General-Purpose Graphics-Processing Units

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Communications in Computational Physics 2013年第3期13卷 867-879页

作者： stuart d.C.Walsh Martin O.Saar Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory LivermoreCaliforniaUSA department of Earth Sciences University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA

Lattice-Boltzmann methods are versatile numerical modeling techniques capable of reproducing a wide variety of fluid-mechanical *** methods are well suited to parallel implementation,particularly on the single-instruction multiple data(SIMd)parallel processing environments found in computer graphics processing units(GPUs).Although recent programming tools dramatically improve the ease with which GPUbased applications can be written,the programming environment still lacks the flexibility available to more traditional CPU *** particular,it may be difficult to develop modular and extensible programs that require variable on-device functionality with current GPU *** paper describes a process of automatic code generation that overcomes these difficulties for lattice-Boltzmann *** details the development of GPU-based modules for an extensible lattice-Boltzmann simulation *** performance of the automatically generated code is compared to equivalent purpose written codes for both single-phase,multiphase,and multicomponent *** flexibility of the new method is demonstrated by simulating a rising,dissolving droplet moving through a porous medium with user generated lattice-Boltzmann models and subroutines.

关键词： Lattice-Boltzmann methods graphics processing units computational fluid dynamics

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Investigation on the Solidification and Phase Transformation in Pb-Free Solders Using In Situ Synchrotron Radiography and diffraction:A Review

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2022年第1期35卷 49-66页

作者： Guang Zeng Shiqian Liu Qinfen Gu Zebang Zheng Hideyuki Yasuda stuart d.Mcdonald Kazuhiro Nogita School of Materials Science and Engineering Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China Nihon Superior Centre for the Manufacture of Electronic Materials(NS CMEM) School of Mechanical and Mining EngineeringThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD 4072Australia Graduate School Shenzhen Technology UniversityShenzhen 515118China Australian Synchrotron ANSTO.800 Blackburn RdClaytonVIC 3168Australia State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing School of Materials Science and EngineeringNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072China department of Materials Science and Engineering Kyoto UniversitySakyo‑kuKyoto 606‑8501Japan

It is widely accepted that further development of Pb-free solder alloys for improved processing and in-service properties of next-generation electronics,can be accelerated through a fundamental understanding of phase transformation and microstructure control in Pb-free solder *** characterization techniques including synchrotron radiation provide a comprehensive toolset to measure the composition,crystallography,morphology,and properties of the major components of solder *** research using such techniques is reviewed in detail including the characterization of the eff ects of microalloy additions on the microstructure and properties of Pb-free solder joints,especially those on the intermetallic *** discoveries outlined are of scientific and industrial relevance and have implications for new solder alloy composition design and the reliability of lead-free solder joints.

关键词： Cu_(6)Sn_(5)intermetallic Synchrotron radiation Solidification Phase transformation

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地震概率预报和检验的方法及应用

地震概率预报和检验的方法及应用

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中国地球物理学会第十八届年会

作者：荣玉仿 david d.jackson University of California Los AngelesCA 90095U.S.A University of California Los AngelesCA 90095U.S.A University of California Los AngelesCA 90095U.S.A

＜正＞ 1.引言中国是一个地震多发国家,因此地震预报的研究有着重要意义。地震预报有两种:一种是确定性预报,即在地震发生前准确地给出一个地震的时间、地点和震级;另一种是概率预报,即给出在某段时间内某个地区将发生的某个震级范围的...

＜正＞ 1.引言中国是一个地震多发国家,因此地震预报的研究有着重要意义。地震预报有两种:一种是确定性预报,即在地震发生前准确地给出一个地震的时间、地点和震级;另一种是概率预报,即给出在某段时间内某个地区将发生的某个震级范围的地震的概率。近年来越来越多的科学家认识到,就目前我们对地震的研究来看,确定性预报还是有些不现实的,因为从某种程度上说,地球是处在一种自组织临界状态,一个小的扰动就可能会导致意想不到的后果。一种地震预报的方法的好坏是需要用科学的方法来检验的。当对确定性预报进行检验时,我们会发现很多问题。比如,如果预报的地震是6级或以上,那么一个5.9的地震发生了,这个预报应该算是成功的还是不成功的呢?相比之下,概率预报便可显出其优越性。一个概率预报可以同时给出在各个时间窗、空门窗和震级窗内的地震发生的可能性,因此我们很容易应用统计检验方法来评估一个预报的好坏。我们发展了三种地震概率预报方法,并且尝试着按它们应用于中国及周边地区。这三种方法分别是:

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Highly efficient GaAs solar cells by limiting light emission angle

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Light(Science & Applications) 2013年第1期2卷 236-241页

作者： Emily d Kosten jackson H Atwater James Parsons Albert Polman Harry A Atwater Thomas J.Watson Laboratories of Applied Physics California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCA 91125 USA Center for Nanophotonics FOM-Institute AMOLFScience Park 1041098XG AmsterdamThe Netherlands

In a conventional flat plate solar cell under direct sunlight,light is received from the solar disk,but is re-emitted *** isotropic emission corresponds to a significant entropy increase in the solar cell,with a corresponding drop in ***,using a detailed balance model,we show that limiting the emission angle of a high-quality GaAs solar cell is a feasible route to achieving power conversion efficiencies above 38%with a single *** highest efficiencies are predicted for a thin,light trapping cell with an ideal back reflector,though the scheme is robust to a non-ideal back *** with a conventional planar cell geometry illustrates that limiting emission angle in a light trapping geometry not only allows for much thinner cells,but also for significantly higher overall efficiencies with an excellent rear ***,we present ray-tracing and detailed balance analysis of two angular coupler designs,show that significant efficiency improvements are possible with these couplers,and demonstrate initial fabrication of one coupler design.

关键词： detailed balance GaAs solar cell light trapping photovoltaics two photon lithography

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Hepatocellular carcinoma locoregional therapies:Outcomes and future horizons

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第43期27卷 7462-7479页

作者： Mina S Makary stuart Ramsell Eric Miller Eliza W Beal Joshua d dowell department of Radiology The Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbusOH 43210United States department of Radiation Oncology The Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbusOH 43210United States department of Surgery The Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbusOH 43210United States department of Radiology Northwest RadiologySt.Vincent HealthIndianapolisIN 46260United States

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the most common primary cancer of the liver and has an overall five-year survival rate of less than twenty *** patients with unresectable disease,evolving liver-directed locoregional therapies provide efficacious treatment across the spectrum of disease stages and via a variety of catheter-directed and percutaneous *** of locoregional therapies in HCC may include curative intent in early-stage disease,bridging or downstaging to surgical resection or transplantation for early or intermediate-stage disease,and local disease control and palliation in advanced-stage *** review explores the outcomes of chemoembolization,bland embolization,radioembolization,and percutaneous ablative *** is also given to prognostic factors related to each of the respective techniques,as well as future directions of locoregional therapies for HCC.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Bland embolization Chemoembolization Radioembolization Transarterial embolization Thermal ablation Locoregional therapy

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VAN方法没有根据

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世界地震译丛 1999年第3期30卷 86-88,F003页

作者： d.jackson Y.Y.Kagan 吴忠良中国地震局地球物理研究所

Varotsos及其合作者(VAN小组)声称,他们成功地预测了希腊的很多地震。但很多作者否定了这些预测,如在《地球物理快讯》(GRL)1996年5月27日出版的专辑和《对VAN方法的检验》

关键词： VAN法地震预报准确性成功率

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Long-term, in vivo therapeutic effects of a single dose of miR-145 micelles for atherosclerosis

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Bioactive Materials 2023年第9期27卷 327-336页

作者： deborah d.Chin Neil Patel Woori Lee Sonali Kanaya jackson Cook Eun Ji Chung department of Biomedical Engineering University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90089United States division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy Department of SurgeryKeck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90033United States Mork Family department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90089United States Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90033United States division of Nephrology and Hypertension Department of MedicineKeck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90033United States Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90089United States

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease that is characterized by the build-up of lipid-rich plaques in the arterial walls. The standard treatment for patients with atherosclerosis is statin therapy aimed to lower serum lipid levels. despite its widespread use, many patients taking statins continue to experience acute events. Thus, to develop improved and alternative therapies, we previously reported on microRNA-145 (miR-145 micelles) and its ability to inhibit atherosclerosis by targeting vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Importantly, one dose of miR-145 micelles significantly abrogated disease progression when evaluated two weeks post-administration. Thus, in this study, to evaluate how long the sustained effects of miR-145 micelles can be maintained and towards identifying a dosing regimen that is practical for patients with chronic disease, the therapeutic effects of a single dose of miR-145 micelles were evaluated for up to two months in vivo. After one and two months post-treatment, miR-145 micelles were found to reduce plaque size and overall lesion area compared to all other controls including statins without causing adverse effects. Furthermore, a single dose of miR-145 micelle treatment inhibited VSMC transdifferentiation into pathogenic macrophage-like and osteogenic cells in plaques. Together, our data shows the long-term efficacy and sustained effects of miR-145 micelles that is amenable using a dosing frequency relevant to chronic disease patients.

关键词： MicroRNA-145 Atherosclerosis Vascular smooth muscle cell Nanoparticle Gene therapy

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Cenozoic reactivation along the Late Triassic Ganzi-Litang suture,eastern Tibetan Plateau

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Geoscience Frontiers 2020年第3期11卷 1069-1080页

作者： W.T.jackson Jr. d.M.Robinson A.L.Weislogel X.Jian department of Earth Sciences University of South AlabamaMobileAL36688USA department of Geological Sciences and Center for Sedimentary Basin Studies The University of AlabamaTuscaloosaAL35487USA department of Geography and Geology West Virginia UniversityMorgantownWV26506USA State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science College of Ocean and Earth SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamen 361102China

The spatial-temporal development of Cenozoic reactivation along Mesozoic suture zones in the Tibetan Plateau are first-order parameters needed for assessing models of plateau *** Ganzi-Litang suture,in the eastern Tibetan Plateau,developed in the Late Triassic because of subduction and closure along the eastern branch of the Paleo-Tethys *** the city of Litang,the Ganzi-Litang suture is defined by a melange sequence with faultbound,synorogenic nonmarine strata along the western and eastern flanks,suggesting post-Triassic structural *** present detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology and field data to determine the timing and style of reactivation along the Ganzi-Litang suture,as well as sedimentary provenance of nonmarine strata.A reverse fault placing melange rock on top of nonmarine strata along the eastern flank of the Ganzi-Litang suture indicates a contractional deformational regime during *** clast counts indicate a local sediment source of recycled Ganzi-Litang suture and Yidun terrane *** zircons indicate a localized provenance consisting of recycled material from Triassic Yidun Arc plutons and Triassic Yidun Group turbidite rock.A weighted mean average of Cenozoic zircon grains(n=10) establishes a maximum depositional age of41.5 ± 1.2 Ma for nonmarine strata in the Ganzi-Litang *** interpret the maximum depositional age of the nonmarine strata to represent the upper-limit for structural reactivation along the Ganzi-Litang suture while undeformed Neogene strata in the suture zone represent the lower-limit;thereby bracketing structural reactivation from ca.42-25 *** results provide enhanced spatial-temporal resolution for Cenozoic deformation in the eastern Tibetan Plateau.

关键词： Nonmarine strata Yidun terrane Tibetan plateau Zircon Suture zone Reactivation

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Signaling at the Root Surface： The Role of Cutin Monomers in Mycorrhization

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Molecular Plant 2013年第5期6卷 1381-1383页

作者： Jeremy d. Murray donna R. Cousins Kirsty J. jackson Chengwu Liu Cell and developmental Biology John Innes Centre Norwich NR4 7UH UK

Most vascular plants interact with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi （AMF） and are thereby provided significant advantages in nutrient acquisition, especially phosphate. The widespread retention of this symbiosis in vascular plants is testament to its importance and ancient origins. This highlight focuses on the reports of two of the first genes identified through for- ward genetic screens for AMF symbiotic mutants： Required for Abuscular Mycorrhization 1 （RAM1） and RAM2, which respectively encode a GRAS transcription factor and a glyc- erol-3-phosphate acyl-transferase （GPAT） that are required for the formation of fungal entry structures （hyphopodia） on the root surface.

关键词： arbuscular mycorrhizal irst genes identified genetic screens

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