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Tertiary montane origin of the central Asian flora,evidence inferred from cpDNA sequences of Atraphaxis(Polygonaceae)

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2014年第12期56卷 1125-1135页

作者： Ming-Li Zhang stewart c.sanderson Yan-Xia Sun Vyacheslav V.Byalt Xiao-Li Hao Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography the Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Botany the Chinese Academy of Sciences Shrub Sciences Laboratory Intermountain Research Station Forest Service US Department of Agriculture Provo UT 84601 USA Wuhan Botanical Garden the Chinese Academy of Sciences Komarov Botanical Institute Russian Academy of Sciences St Petersburg RU‐197376 Russia School of Life Science Shihezi University

Atraphaxis has approximately 25 species and a distribution center in central Asia. It has been previously used to hypothesize an origin from montane forest. We sampled 18 species covering three sections within the genus and sequenced five cpDNA spacers, atpB -rbcL, psbK -psbI, psbA -trnH, rbcL, and trnL -trnF. BEAST was used to reconstruct phylogenetic relationship and time divergences, and S-DIVA and Lagrange were used, based on distribution area and ecotype data, for reconstruction of ancestral areas and events. Our results appear compatible with designation of three taxonomic sections within the genus. The generic stem and crown ages were Eocene, approximately 47 Ma, and Oligocene 27 Ma,respectively. The origin of Atraphaxis is confirmed as montane,with an ancestral area consisting of the Junggar Basin and uplands of the Pamir-Tianshan-Alatau-Altai mountain chains,and ancestral ecotype of montane forest. Two remarkable paleogeographic events, shrinkage of the inland Paratethys Sea at the boundary of the late Oligocene and early Miocene, and the time intervals of cooling and drying of global climate from24（22） Ma onward likely facilitated early diversification of Atraphaxis, while rapid uplift of the Tianshan Mountains during the late Miocene may have promoted later diversification.

关键词： Allopatric diversification Atraphaxis biogeography central Asia flora molecular clock montane origin phylogeny Polygonaceae

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chemical forms and extractability of iron in sediments of three contrasting lakes of china and UK

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2003年第6期15卷 728-733页

作者： Gibson c.E.,stewart B.M. Key Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecological Process Institute of Applied Ecology chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Agricultural and Environmental Science Queen's University Belfast Shenyang 110016 china Newforge Lane Belfast BT9 5PX UK

Iron is a limiting factor for the eutrophication of lakes, especially those lakes that are enriched with phosphorus. Extractability of iron in sediments of West Lake and Taihu Lake in china and Lower Lough Erne in Northern Ireland of UK was comparatively investigated on the basis of analysing chemical forms of iron using different extractants. It was shown that extractable iron in sediments of the lakes was greatly different using various extractants. Reactive iron or easily released iron such as “active" iron oxides, total free iron oxide and water-soluble iron was not high, only accounting for 0.01%—0.15% of total iron. The efficiency of the extractants for exchangeable iron was decreased in the sequence 0.1 mol/L Hcl DTPA+TEA mixed solution > 1 mol/L NH 4OAc > 0.5 mol/L Mgcl 2 = 0.5 mol/L cacl 2. It seems that the complexion of iron by organic matter was not strong because the concentration of organically bound iron was significantly lower than the concentration it was forecasted. Extractable iron is not entirely consistent with or dependent on total iron in lake sediments. To a certain extent, phosphate can inhibit the release of iron in sediments of the lakes. The selection of extractants is thus the first key step to evaluate bioavailability of iron in lake sediments.

关键词： iron chemical form extractability lake sediment eutrophication

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Applications and verification of a computational energy dynamics model for mine climate simulations

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2020年第4期30卷 483-493页

作者： G.Danko D.Bahrami c.stewart Department of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering University of NevadaRenoNV 89557USA School of Mechanical Engineering University of QueenslandQueensland 4072Australia

A complete thermodynamic model is described for temperature and heat flow distribution simulation for ventilation networks in underground *** method is called the computational Energy Dynamics(cED)model of the heat,mass,and energy *** Thermal and Humidity(TH)transport elements of the full model are described for advection,convection,and accumulation,encompassing heat capacity,radiation,latent heat for evaporation,and condensation in the airways,as well as variable heat conduction and accumulation in the rock *** thermal flywheel effect for time-dependent temperature field applications is included in the model solution.A cED model validation exercise is described,directly evaluating the iterated,minimized energy balance errors for the mechanical and thermal energy components for each network branch after a converged solution is determined.A simulation example relevant to mine safety and health is shown with the cED-TH model,demonstrating its capabilities in efficiency and accuracy in comparison with measurement results.

关键词： Mine climate simulation Dynamic heat flow model coupled heat and moisture transport computational energy dynamics Mine safety and health

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Ophthalmic community perception of new medication needs

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2018年第5期11卷 848-851页

作者： William c.stewart Jeanette A.stewart Lindsay A.Nelson PRN PharmaFarm LLC

AIM：To survey ophthalmologists（who have participated previously in clinical research） and ophthalmic industry professionals（who have been involved in ocular research and development） to indicate perceived needs for new pharmaceuticals in various ophthalmic ***：A prospective,industry-based survey was sent to ophthalmologists and ophthalmic industry professionals about the perceived needs for new pharmaceutical ***：This survey was sent to 559 ophthalmic pharma professionals and *** received 82（15%） *** results showed that the most commonly perceived need for new pharmaceuticals were dry and wet age-related macular degeneration,glaucoma,diabetic macular edema and dry *** was a statistical difference found between response groups（P〈0.0001）.Respondents indicated they would express their commitment to a new product they perceived as needed by recommending to colleagues（63%）,prescribing（60%）,participating as principle investigator in a related clinical trial（52%）,advising the company（52%）,lecturing on behalf of the product（43%）,investing in the product（38%）,taking no action（7%） or obtain a position in the company（1%）.cONcLUSION：Ophthalmic pharma professionals and ophthalmologists perceive the greatest need for new medicines in ophthalmology to be in dry and wet agerelated macular degeneration,glaucoma,diabetic macular edema and dry eye.

关键词： ophthalmic ophthalmology ocular eye disease pharmaceuticals start-up development needs medication therapies future new treatments

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西番莲生长调节剂的筛选

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世界热带农业信息 1990年第5期 32-,34页

作者： Kenneth c.sanderson 黎乙东

本文介绍了西番莲生长调节剂的筛选结果。研究结果表明,植物生长抑制剂嘧啶醇(ancymidol)能有效地控制紫果西番莲的生长。

关键词：紫果西番莲植物生长调节剂盆景植物藤本植物淋灌植株喷施苯酚天蓝试验

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Therapeutic implications of advanced age at time of spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2019年第11期14卷 1895-1896页

作者： Andrew N. stewart John c. Gensel Bei Zhang Spinal cord and Brain Injury Research center Department of PhysiologyUniversity of Kentucky College of MedicineLexingtonKYUSA college of Public Health Shaanxi University of Chinese MedicineXianyangShaanxi ProvinceChina

A recent demographic shift towards increased age at time of spinal cord injury (ScI), as well as decreased functional recovery following ScI in older populations, create the need to investigate how age effects ScI pathology and repair (Scivoletto et al., 2003). While decreased neuroplasticity or physical strength with age may contribute to functional deficits, work from our lab and others have identified exacerbated acute inflammatory events as contributors to age-dependent secondary injury. Specifically, our recent paper identified that increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) from macrophage nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (NOX) with age exacerbates secondary injury after ScI (Zhang et al., 2019).

关键词： spinal cord injury nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate(NADPH) reactive oxygen species(ROS)

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The friction of diamond-like carbon coatings in a water environment

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Friction 2013年第3期1卷 210-221页

作者： D.c.SUTTON G.LIMBERT D.stewart R.J.K.WOOD National centre for Advanced Tribology at Southampton(ncATS) Engineering SciencesFaculty of Engineering and the EnvironmentUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonSO171BJUK Bioengineering Science Research Group Engineering SciencesFaculty of Engineering and the EnvironmentUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonSO171BJUK Materials Chemistry and CorrosionRolls-RoyceDerbyDE217XXUK

Diamond-like carbon(DLc)coatings are known to provide beneficial mechanical and tribological properties in harsh *** combination of high wear resistance and low friction has led to their extensive use in any number of *** tribological performance of a DLc coating is varied however,and the frictional response is known to be strongly dependent on the surrounding environment,as well as the material composition and bonding structure of the DLc *** paper presents an up-to-date review on the friction of DLc coatings in a water environment,with a special focus on transfer layer formation and tribochemistry.

关键词： friction diamond-like carbon(DLc) water transfer layer tribochemistry review

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Effects of Lead on pH and Temperature-Dependent Substrate-Activation Kinetics of ATPase System and its Protection by Thiol compounds in Rat Brain

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 1991年第4期4卷 441-451页

作者： B.RAJANNA c.S.cHETTY T.c.stewart S.RAJANNA Department of Natural Science.Selma University Selma Al 36701 U. S. ADepartment of Natural Science.Selma University Selma Al 36701 U. S. ADepartment of Natural Science.Selma University Selma Al 36701 U. S. ADepartment of Computer Science and Mathematics Selma University Selma Al 36701 U. S. A

Lead (Pb) inhibited the activities of Na+ -K+ ATPase (Ic50= 2.0×10^(-6) M), K + -Para-Nitrophenyl phosphatase (PNPPase) (Ic50= 3.5×10^(-6) M) and [3H]-ouabain binding (Ic50 = 4.0×10^(-5) M) in rat brain P2 fraction. A variable temperature or pH significantly elevated the inhibition of Na+-K+ ATPase by Pb in buffered acidic, neutral and alkaline pH ranges. Noncompetitive inhibition with respect to activation of Na+ -K+ ATPase by ATP was indicated by a variation in Vmax values with no significant changes in Km values at any temperature studied. In the presence of Pb, for Na+ -K+ ATPase at pH 6.5 and 8.5, Vmax was decreased with an increase in Km values suggesting a mixed type of inhibition. Sulfhydryl agents such as dithiothreitol (DTT) and cvsteine (cyst), but not glutathione (GSH) offered varied levels of protection against Pb-inhibition of Na + -K+ ATPase at pH 7.5 and 8.5. The present data suggest that inhibition of Na+ -K+ ATPase by Pb is both temperature and pH-dependent. These results also indicate that Pb inhibited Na + -K + ATPase by interfering with phosphorylation of enzyme molecule and dephosphorylation of the enzyme-phosphoryl complex and exerted an effect similar to that of SH-blocking agents.

关键词： Effects of Lead on pH and Temperature-Dependent Substrate-Activation Kinetics of ATPase System and its Protection by Thiol compounds in Rat Brain ATPase pH

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Long-term cost and efficacy analysis of latanoprost versus timolol in glaucoma patients in Germany

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2013年第2期6卷 155-159页

作者： Ulrich Thelen Dietmar Schnober Sonja Schlzel Michael S.Kristoffersen Lindsay A.Nelson Jeanette A.stewart William c.stewart Westfalische Wilhelms-Universitat AugenarztpraxisMünster Germany Augenarzt Werdohl Germany Department of Surgery Institutes of Molecular Medicine University of Freiburg PRN Pharmaceutical Research Network LLC Cheyenne WY USA

AIM: To evaluate 5-year effectiveness and cos between latanoprost or timolol monotherapy in a pilot ***: A retrospective, multi-center trial performed at 6 sites in Germany of patients who had a diagnosis of primary open-angle or pigmentary glaucoma, in at least one eye, initiated on monotherapy with latanoprost or timolol maleate. Qualified consecutive charts were reviewed in which 5-year efficacy, safety and cost data was ***: Seventy-seven latanoprost and 49 timolo patients were included, at the final visit no difference existed between the two groups in disc parameters including: rim area, rim area/disc area ratio, cup volume or vertical cup/disc ratio (P >0.05). There was no difference in intraocular pressure (IOP) between the initial latanoprost (17.4 ±2.6) and timolol (16.3 ±2.8mmHg) groups. There was less change in medicines over the follow-up period (0.1 vs 0.8) and fewer medications at the final visit (1.2 vs 1.8) with latanoprost compared to timolol. No patient treated with latanoprost discontinued therapy during follow-up, while 12% discontinued timolol mostly due to inadequate IOP control. cost/year was less with initial timolol ($458±236) as compared to latanoprost ($552±202). cONcLUSION: Patients begun on latanoprost o timolol and followed over 5 years may have similar clinical outcomes. However, timolol patients may require more medicines and medicine changes to control IOP for long-term, but at a lower cost.

关键词： glaucoma economic efficacy safety latanoprost timolol Germany

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NEW ZEALAND DAIRY FARM SYSTEMS AND KEY ENVIRONMENTAL EFFEcTS

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2021年第1期8卷 148-158页

作者： Jiafa LUO stewart LEDGARD AgResearch Ruakura Private Bag 3123HamiltonNew Zealand

This paper provides an overview of the range of dairy pasture grazing systems used in New Zealand(NZ),the changes with increased inputs over time and associated key environmental effects including nitrogen(N)leaching and greenhouse gas(GHG)*** dairy farming systems are based on year-round grazing and seasonal milk production on perennial ryegrass/clover pasture where cows are rotationally grazed in *** was an increase in stocking rate on NZ dairy farms from 2.62 cows ha−1 in 2000/2001 to 2.84 cows ha−1 in 2015/*** the same period annual milk solids production increased from 315 to 378 kg·yr−1 per *** performance has coincided with an increase in N fertilizer use(by~30%)and a twofold increase in externally-sourced ***-sourced feeds with a low protein concentration(e.g.,maize silage)can increase the efficiency of N utilization and potentially reduce N losses per unit of ***-paddock facilities(such as standoff or feed pads)are often used to restrict grazing during very wet winter conditions.A systems analysis of contrasting dairy farms in Waikato(largest NZ dairying region)indicates that the increased input would result in an increase in per-cow milk production but little change in efficiency of milk production from a total land use *** analysis also shows that the increased inputs caused an 11%decrease in N footprint(i.e.,N emissions per unit of milk production)and a 2%increase in c footprint(i.e.,greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions per unit of milk production).

关键词： dairy farms environmental impacts grazing systems intensification mitigation

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