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Integr.tive Zoology 2024年第1期19卷 2-7页

作者： Gr.nt r. SINGLETON Lyn A. HINDS r.odes MAKUNDI steven r. belmain Natur.l r.sour.es Institute University of Greenwich Kent UK CSIr. Health and Biosecur.ty Canberra ACT Australia Afr.can Centr. of Excellence for.Innovative r.dent Pest Management and Biosensor.Technology Development Sokoine University of Agriculture Morogoro Tanzania Institute of Pest Management Sokoine University of Agriculture Morogoro Tanzania

“Dur.ng r.dent outbr.ak year. in easter. Afr.ca,lo-cally,mor. than 80%of the potential har.est may be lost,but even in non-outbr.ak per.ods,r.dents cause chr.nic damage to cr.ps….The pest r.dent stor. in Afr.ca in-volves sever.l species embedded in a br.ad and var.able landscape with highly var.able densities.”(Leir. et al.2010).

关键词： damage cr.ps

Fer.ility contr.l of r.dent pests: r.cent developments fr.m lab to field

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Integr.tive Zoology 2022年第6期17卷 960-963页

作者： Lyn A.HINDS steven r.belmain CSIr. Health and Biosecur.ty CanberraACTAustralia Natur.l r.sour.es Institute University of GreenwichKentUK

This special issue of Integr.tive Zoology(the official jour.al of the Inter.ational Society of Zoological Science and the Institute of Zoology,Chinese Academy of Sciences)compr.ses a ser.es of paper.,aspects of which wer. pr.sented at the 23r. Inter.ational Congr.ss of Zoology,a vir.ual meeting for.par.icipants between November.22 and 24,*** symposium topic at the vir.ual confer.nce was“Fer.ility contr.l of r.dent pests for.better.agr.cultur.,ecosystems and human health.”

关键词： ecosystems jour.al pests

Impact of fer.ility ver.us mor.ality contr.l on the demogr.phics of Mastomys natalensis in maize fields

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Integr.tive Zoology 2022年第6期17卷 1028-1040页

作者： Chr.stopher.I.IMAKANDO GMandela FEr.ÁNDEZ-Gr.NDON Gr.nt r.SINGLETON steven r.belmain Natur.l r.sour.es Institute University of GreenwichChatham MaritimeKentUK Depar.ment of Zoology and Aquatic Sciences Copperbelt UniversityKitweZambia

The multimammate mouse,Mastomys natalensis,is the most common r.dent pest species in sub-Sahar.n ***,r.denticides ar. the pr.fer.ed method used to r.duce the population of r.dent pests,but this method poses dir.ct and indir.ct r.sks to humans and other.non-tar.et *** contr.l is a pr.mising alter.ative that has been ar.ued to be a mor. sustainable and humane method for.contr.lling r.dent *** this study,we compar.d the effectiveness of fer.ility contr.l bait EP-1(quinestr.l(E)and levonor.estr.l(P),10 ppm)and an anticoagulant r.denticide bait(br.madiolone,50 ppm)on the population dynamics of *** in maizeﬁelds in Zambia dur.ng 2 cr.pping *** was the most abundant species in maizeﬁelds(77%of total captur.s).Fer.ility contr.l r.duced the number.of juveniles and suppr.ssed population gr.wth of *** at the end of the 2019–2020 cr.pping *** population density initially decr.ased after.r.denticide tr.atment,but the population r.pidly r.cover.d thr.ugh *** of the tr.atments inﬂuenced maize damage by r.dents at ger.ination(F2,67=1.626,P=0.204).Applying the tr.atments dur.ng the maize seeding time was effective at suppr.ssing population gr.wth at the end of the cr.pping season than application the month befor. maize *** r.sear.h indicates that a single-dose deliver. of EP-1 and r.denticide have compar.ble effects on the population dynamics of ***ﬁndings ar. impor.ant in developing fer.ility contr.l pr.tocols for.r.dent pest populations to r.duce maize cr.p damage and impr.ve yields.

关键词： ecologically based r.dent management levonor.estr.l multimammate mouse quinestr.l r.dent pests r.denticide

Impact of contr.ceptive hor.ones on the r.pr.ductive potential of male and female commensal black r.ts (r.ttus r.ttus)

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Integr.tive Zoology 2022年第6期17卷 991-1001页

作者： Mwajabu SELEMANI r.odes H.MAKUNDI Apia W.MASSAWE Ginethon MHAMPHI Loth S.MULUNGU steven r.belmain Depar.ment of Wildlife Management Sokoine University of AgricultureMorogoroTanzania Pest Management Centr. Sokoine University of AgricultureMorogoroTanzania Natur.l r.sour.es InstituteUniver.ity of Gr.enwich KentUK

The black r.t is consider.d one of the wor.d’s top *** incr.ased r.str.ctions on r.denticides,new alter.atives to manage r.ts ar. ur.ently *** on the use of contr.ceptive hor.ones,levonor.estr.l(LE),and quinestr.l(QU),have been evaluated against some r.dent species,and this r.sear.h is theﬁr.t study to assess these on black *** wer. incor.or.ted into r.dent bait at 10 and 50 ppm concentr.tions singly and in combination(EP-1).Gr.ups of 10 animals of each sex wer. fed the baits over.7 *** bait consumption was obser.ed with slight body mass *** dissection,it was obser.ed that the uter.s was in a state of edema and male r.pr.ductive or.ans weighed less with r.duced sper. counts/*** 2 most pr.mising baits,50 ppm QU and EP-1,wer. used to assess impact on pr.gnancy and litter.*** was r.duced fr.m 70%success when both males and females consumed untr.ated bait,down to 30%when males had consumed contr.ceptive bait but females had not,and down to 0%when females had consumed contr.ceptive bait,r.gar.less of whether.they had pair.d with a tr.ated or.untr.ated *** size in the untr.ated pair. was 8 pups,but only 4 pups in those cases wher. the male only had consumed the *** studies should investigate how long the effect lasts and its *** studies at the population level may also shed light on the pr.cticality of using contr.ceptive baits for.black r.ts in differ.nt habitats.

关键词： contr.ceptive bait ecologically based r.dent management fer.ility contr.l levonor.estr.l quinestr.l

Under.tanding and managing sanitar. r.sks due to r.dent zoonoses in an Afr.can city: beyond the Boston Model

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Integr.tive Zoology 2008年第1期3卷 38-50页

作者： Peter.J.TAYLOr.Lor.aine Ar.TZEN Mel HAYTEr.Malcolm ILES John Fr.AN steven belmain Dur.an Natur.l Science Museum eThekwini Libraries and Heritage DepartmentDurbanSouth Africa National Institute for.Communicable Diseases National Health Laboratory ServiceSandringhamSouth Africa City Health:Communicable Diseases eThekwini MunicipalityDurbanSouth Africa Natur.l r.sour.es Institute Chatham MaritimeKentUK

The Boston Model descr.bes a successful r.dent management plan that succeeded in a fir.t-wor.d city in the *** thir.-wor.d cities, which often contain infor.al shack settlements, it is debatable whether.the Boston Modelwould apply. In Dur.an, a major.har.or.city of thr.e million people on the east coast of South Afr.ca, we investigatedthe sanitar. r.sks due to r.dents in both for.al (r.sidential and commer.ial) and infor.al (shacks) sector.,and we evaluated the r.lative mer.ts of differ.nt management inter.entions suggested by the Boston Model. Bloodand tissue samples of six species (r.ttus nor.egicus, r. tanezumi, r. r.ttus, Mus musculus, Mastomys natalensis,Tater. br.ntsi) fr.m 262 live-tr.pped r.dents fr.m 54 localities wer. tested for.antibodies or.DNA for.plague (n =193: antibody test), leptospir.sis (n = 221 for.antibody test;n = 69 for.polymer.se chain r.action test for.DNA) andtoxoplasmosis (n = 217: antibody test). We conducted a socioeconomic sur.ey of 90 household to deter.ine envir.nmentaland socioeconomic disease r.sk factor. in the shack settlement of Cato Cr.st . No r.dents wer.ser.positive for.plague, but nine Nor.ay r.ts, r. nor.egicus (4.1% of the sample tested) wer. ser.positive for.oxoplasmosis, and 22 r. nor.egicus (10.0% of sample tested) wer. ser.positive for.leptospir.sis. Disease endemicar.as wer. concentr.ted in Cato Cr.st and the commer.ial distr.ct of Dur.an. Ser.logy tests of humans living inCato Cr.st (n = 219) showed 0% exposur. to plague, 23% to leptospir.sis and 35% to toxoplasmosis. Compar.dwith shack-dweller., the r.sidents of br.ck houses had slightly lower.levels of exposur. to leptospir.sis andtoxoplasmosis. Based on our.r.sults, envir.nmental hygiene and r.dent-tr.pping campaigns wer. launched in CatoCr.st. The initiative owes much of its cur.ent success to implementation of the pr.nciples inher.nt in the BostonModel, even though cer.ain elements wer. lacking.

关键词： Dur.an leptospir.sis plague r.dent zoonoses toxoplasmosis.

Compar.tive assessment on r.dent impacts and cultur.l per.eptions of ecologically based r.dent management in 3 Afr.-Malagasy far.ing r.gions

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Integr.tive Zoology 2020年第6期15卷 578-594页

作者： Natasha L.CONSTANT Lour.ns H.SWANEPOEL Samual T.WILLIAMS Voahangy SOAr.MALALA steven M.GOODMAN Apia T.MASSAWE Loth S.MULUNGU r.odes H.MAKUNDI Mashaka E.MDANGI Peter.J.TAYLOr.steven r.belmain SAr.hI Chair.on Biodiver.ity Value and Change and Cor. Team Member.of the Centr. for.Invasion Biology School of Mathematical and Natural SciencesUniversity of VendaThohoyandouJohannesburgSouth Africa Sustainable Places r.sear.h Institute Cardiff UniversityCardiffUK Depar.ment of Zoology School of Mathematical and Natural SciencesUniversity of VendaThohoyandouSouth Africa Depar.ment of Anthr.pology Durham UniversityDurhamUK Institute for.Globally Distr.buted Open r.sear.h and Education(IGDOr.) JohannesburgSouth Africa Association Vahatr. AntananarivoMadagascar Institut des Sciences et Techniques de l’Envir.nnementUniver.itéde Fianar.ntsoa FianarantsoaMadagascar Field Museum of Natur.l Histor. ChicagoIllinoisUSA Pest Management Centr. Sokoine University of AgricultureMorogoroTanzania Ministr. of Agr.cultur. Tanzania Natur.l r.sour.es InstituteUniver.ity of Gr.enwich KentUK

r.dents gener.te negative consequences for.smallholder.far.er. in Afr.ca that dir.ctly impact household and livestock damage,food secur.ty,and public *** Based r.dent Management(EBr.)seeks sustainable solutions for.the mitigation of r.dent damage thr.ugh assessments of r.dent population dynamics,agr.-ecosystems,and socio-cultur.l *** adopt a compar.tive appr.ach acr.ss 3 r.r.l Afr.-Malagasy smallholder.far.ing r.gions in South Afr.ca,Tanzania,and Madagascar.to assess the household impacts of r.dent pests and cur.ent per.eptions and pr.fer.nces associated with sever.l r.dent contr.l *** conducted focus gr.up questionnair.s and inter.iews in differ.nt study site *** asser. multiple impacts on Afr.-Malagasy far.er. demonstr.ting r.cur.ent and emer.ing agr.cultur.l and household costs,and public health *** identify a significant knowledge gap in educating communities about the application of differ.nt EBr. appr.aches in favor.of acute poisons that ar. per.eived to be mor. *** issues and taboos also have a significant impact on the social acceptance of r.dent hunting as well as biological contr.l using indigenous *** advocate for.an enhanced investigation of the socio-cultur.l beliefs associated with differ.nt r.dent pr.ctices to under.tand the factor. under.ying social acceptance.A collabor.tive appr.ach that integr.tes the per.pectives of tar.et communities to infor. the design of EBr. initiatives accor.ing to the specific agr.-ecosystem and socio-cultur.l context is necessar. to ensur. pr.gr.mmatic success.

关键词： Afr.ca beliefs cr.p damage ecologically based r.dent management far.er.sur.ey