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Bayesian geological and geophysical data fusion for the construction and uncertainty quantification of 3D geological models

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Geoscience Frontiers 2021年第1期12卷 479-493页

作者： Hugo K.H.Olierook Richard Scalzo David Kohn Rohitash Chandra Ehsan Farahbakhsh Chris Clark steven m.Reddy R.Dietmar müller School of Earth and Planetary Sciences Curtin UniversityGPO Box U1987PerthWA6845Australia Centre for Translational Data Science University of SydneyNSW2006SydneyAustralia Sydney Informatics Hub University of SydneyNSW2006SydneyAustralia EarthByte Group School of GeosciencesUniversity of SydneyNSW2006SydneyAustralia Timescales of mineral Systems and John de Laeter Centre Curtin UniversityGPO Box U1987PerthWA6845Australia School of mathematics and Statistics University of New South WalesSydneyNSW2052Australia Department of mining Engineering Amirkabir University of Technology(Tehran Polytechnic)TehranIran

Traditional approaches to develop 3D geological models employ a mix of quantitative and qualitative scientific techniques,which do not fully provide quantification of uncertainty in the constructed models and fail to optimally weight geological field observations against constraints from geophysical ***,using the Bayesian Obsidian software package,we develop a methodology to fuse lithostratigraphic field observations with aeromagnetic and gravity data to build a 3D model in a small(13.5 km×13.5 km)region of the Gascoyne Province,Western *** approach is validated by comparing 3D model results to independently-constrained geological maps and cross-sections produced by the Geological Survey of Western *** fusing geological field data with aeromagnetic and gravity surveys,we show that 89%of the modelled region has>95%certainty for a particular geological unit for the given model and *** boundaries between geological units are characterized by narrow regions withm wide at the Earth's surface and 500-2000 m wide at ***~4 km depth,the model requires geophysical survey data with longer wavelengths(e.g.,active seismic)to constrain the deeper *** Obsidian was originally built for sedimentary basin problems,there is reasonable applicability to deformed terranes such as the Gascoyne ***,modification of the Bayesian engine to incorporate structural data will aid in developing more robust 3D ***,our results show that surface geological observations fused with geophysical survey data can yield reasonable 3D geological models with narrow uncertainty regions at the surface and shallow subsurface,which will be especially valuable for mineral exploration and the development of 3D geological models under cover.

关键词： Capricorn orogen machine learning Bayesian inference markov chain monte Carlo Solid earth mineral exploration

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Osteoclasts:New Insights

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Bone Research 2013年第1期1卷 11-26页

作者： Xu Feng steven L.Teitelbaum Department of Pathology The University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAlabama 35294USA Department of Pathology and Immunology Washington University School of MedicineSt.LouisMissouri 63110USA

Osteoclasts, the bone-resorbing cells, play a pivotal role in skeletal development and adult bone remodeling. They also participate in the pathogenesis of various bone disorders. Osteoclasts differentiate from cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage upon stimulation of two essential factors, the monocyte/ macrophage colony stimulating factor （m-CSF） and receptor activation of NF-κB ligand （RANKL）. m-CSF binds to its receptor c-Fms to activate distinct signaling pathways to stimulate the proliferation and survival of osteoclast precursors and the mature cell. RANKL, however, is the primary osteoclast differentiation factor, and promotes osteoclast differentiation mainly through controlling gene expression by activating its receptor, RANK. Osteoclast function depends on polarization of the cell, induced by integrin avβ3, to form the resorptive machinery characterized by the attachment to the bone matrix and the formation of the bone-apposed ruffled border. Recent studies have provided new insights into the mechanism of osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption. In particular, c-Fms and RANK signaling have been shown to regulate bone resorption by cross-talking with those activated by integrin avβ3. This review discusses new advances in the understanding of the mechanisms of osteoclast differentiation and function.

关键词： osteoclast bone remodeling m-CSF RANKL integrin avβ3

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Plant photosystem Ⅱ assembly:TROL2 to the rescue

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molecular Plant 2023年第11期16卷 1719-1721页

作者： Sujith Puthiyaveetil steven D.mcKenzie Department of Biochemistry and Center for Plant Biology Purdue UniversityWest LatayetteIN 47907USA

In one of the most consequential biochemical reactions on earth,a pigment-protein complex known as photosystem Ⅱ(PSⅡ)in photosynthesis extracts electrons,protons,and oxygen from water using energy from ***Ⅱ thereby sustains life on earth by harnessing the potential of two nearly inexhaustible raw materials:sunlight and *** plant PSllis a membrane-embedded *** monomer consists of around 28 unique protein subunits,157 chlorophylls,44 carotenoids,2 pheophytins,a heme,a non-heme iron,two quinones,and a mn_(4)CaO_(5) cluster(Su et al.,2017;Cao et al.,2018).Within each monomeric complex,20 protein subunits constitute a core(Figure 1A).

关键词： Figure earth thereby

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Exploring the reasons for the seasons using Google Earth, 3D models, and plots

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2017年第6期10卷 582-603页

作者： Declan G.De Paor mladen m.Dordevic Paul Karabinos Stephen Burgin Filis Coba steven J.Whitmeyer Departments of Physics and Ocean Earthand Atmospheric SciencesOld Dominion UniversityNorfolkVAUSA Department of Geology and Environmental Science James Madison UniversityHarrisonburgVAUSA Department of Geosciences Williams CollegeWilliamstownMAUSA Department of Curriculum and Instruction University of ArkansasFayettevilleARUSA Department of Physics Old Dominion UniversityNorfolkVAUSA

Public understanding of climate and climate change is of broad societal ***,misconceptions regarding reasons for the seasons abound amongst students,teachers,and the public,many of whom believe that seasonality is caused by large variations in Earth’s distance from the *** may be reinforced by textbook illustrations that exaggerate eccentricity or show an inclined view of Earth’s near-circular *** explanations that omit multiple factors influencing seasons,that do not mesh with students’experiences,or that are erroneous,hinder scientifically valid *** show that many teachers share their students’misconceptions,and even when they understand basic concepts,teachers may fail to appreciate the range of factors contributing to seasonal change,or their relative *** have therefore developed a learning resource using Google Earth,a virtual globe with other useful,weather-and climate-related visualizations.A classroom test of 27 undergraduates in a public research university showed that 15 improved their test scores after the Google Earth-based laboratory class,whereas 5 *** correct answers rose from 4.7/10 to 6/10,giving a paired t-test value of *** using Google Earth,students are helped to segue to a heliocentric view.

关键词： Visualization geo-spatial science geobrowser earth observation 3-d representation

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The interaction of stem cells and vascularity in peripheral nerve regeneration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第8期16卷 1510-1517页

作者： Sara Saffari Tiam m.Saffari Dietmar J.O.Ulrich steven E.R.Hovius Alexander Y.Shin Division of Hand and microvascular Surgery Department of Orthopedic SurgeryMayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Radboud University Medical CenterNijmegenthe Netherlands

The degree of nerve regeneration after peripheral nerve injury can be altered by the microenvironment at the site of injury. Stem cells and vascularity are postulated to be a part of a complex pathway that enhances peripheral nerve regeneration;however, their interaction remains unexplored. This review aims to summarize current knowledge on this interaction, including various mechanisms through which trophic factors are promoted by stem cells and angiogenesis. Angiogenesis after nerve injury is stimulated by hypoxia, mediated by vascular endothelial growth factor, resulting in the growth of preexisting vessels into new areas. modulation of distinct signaling pathways in stem cells can promote angiogenesis by the secretion of various angiogenic factors. Simultaneously, the importance of stem cells in peripheral nerve regeneration relies on their ability to promote myelin formation and their capacity to be influenced by the microenvironment to differentiate into Schwann-like cells. Stem cells can be acquired through various sources that correlate to their differentiation potential, including embryonic stem cells, neural stem cells, and mesenchymal stem cells. Each source of stem cells serves its particular differentiation potential and properties associated with the promotion of revascularization and nerve regeneration. Exosomes are a subtype of extracellular vesicles released from cell types and play an important role in cell-to-cell communication. Exosomes hold promise for future transplantation applications, as these vesicles contain fewer membrane-bound proteins, resulting in lower immunogenicity. This review presents pre-clinical and clinical studies that focus on selecting the ideal type of stem cell and optimizing stem cell delivery methods for potential translation to clinical practice. Future studies integrating stem cell-based therapies with the promotion of angiogenesis may elucidate the synergistic pathways and ultimately enhance nerve regeneration.

关键词： angiogenesis exosomes nerve graft nerve regeneration peripheral nerve injury revascularization Schwann cells stem cells stem cell delivery vascularity

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南大洋增暖及其气候影响（英文）

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Science Bulletin 2023年第9期 946-960页

作者：蔡文炬高立宝罗义勇李熙晨郑小童张学斌程旭华贾凡 Ariaan Purich Agus Santoso 杜岩 David m.holland 石佳睿项宝强谢尚平 Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean multispheres and Earth System and Key Laboratory of Physical Oceanography Ocean University of China Laboratory for Ocean and Climate Dynamics Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology Center for Southern Hemisphere Oceans Research Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Oceans and Atmosphere First Institute of Oceanography and Key Laboratory of marine Science and Numerical modeling Ministry of Natural Resources Laboratory for Regional Oceanography and Numerical modeling Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Oceanography Hohai University Key Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Waves Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Climate Change Research Centre University of New South Wales Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes University of New South Wales State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Southern marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory Courant Institute of mathematical Sciences New York University Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution NOAA/Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory University Corporation for Atmospheric Research Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California San Diego

过去几十年南大洋在南极平流层臭氧消耗和大气二氧化碳浓度增加的共同作用下大幅增暖,显著影响着南极冰架和冰盖的融化、海平面上升、南北半球的降水分配以及热带海洋和大气环流等,引发了深远的气候效应.全球变暖背景下南大洋西风表现...

过去几十年南大洋在南极平流层臭氧消耗和大气二氧化碳浓度增加的共同作用下大幅增暖,显著影响着南极冰架和冰盖的融化、海平面上升、南北半球的降水分配以及热带海洋和大气环流等,引发了深远的气候效应.全球变暖背景下南大洋西风表现为极向加强,同时进入南大洋的热辐射和淡水通量持续增加,由此上翻的海水可吸收更多的热量和碳,经由更强的平均流向北输送,更多地在45°S附近海域下沉并存储.当前对南大洋增暖背后诸多复杂的物理过程仍缺乏足够的理解,比如来自冰架、冰盖及海洋涡旋的作用、热带-极地相互作用、南大洋本身对全球变暖的响应等,尤其是有限的观测数据和较低分辨率的模式无法准确呈现快速变化的物理现象和机理.因此,南大洋的未来增暖存在很大的不确定性且可能长期持续,但近期的进展为深入认知南大洋增暖及其气候影响奠定了坚实的基础.

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Soil microbial activity and community structure as affected by exposure to chloride and chloride-sulfate salts

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Journal of Arid Land 2018年第5期10卷 737-749页

作者： ZHANG Qianqian steven A WAKELIN LIANG Yongchao CHU Guixin College of Life Science Shaoxing University Department of Resources and Environmental Science College of Agriculture/the Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Shihezi University College of Resources and Environmental Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University Department of Forest Systems Scion Research ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health College of Environmental & Resource Sciences Zhejiang University

mixed or chloride salty ions dominate in saline soils, and exert wide-ranging adversely affect on soil biological processes and soil functions. The objectives of this study were to（1） explore the impacts of mixed（0, 3, 6, 10, 20 and 40 g Cl–/SO42–salt/kg dry soil） and chloride（0, 1.5, 3, 5, 8 and 15 g Cl– salt/kg dry soil） salts on soil enzyme activities, soil physiological functional（Biolog） profiles and microbial community structure by using soil enzymatic, Biolog-Eco microplates as well as denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis（DEEG） methods, and（2） determine the threshold concentration of soil electronic conductivity（EC1：5） on maintaining the functional and structural diversity of soil microbial community. The addition of either Cl– or mixed Cl–/SO42–salt obviously increased soil EC, but adversely affected soil biological activities including soil invertase activity, soil microbial biomass carbon（mBC） and substrate-induced respiration（SIR）. Cl– salt showed a greater deleterious influence than mixed Cl–/SO42–salt on soil enzymes and mBC, e.g., the higher soil mBC consistently appeared with Cl–/SO42–instead of Cl– treated soil. meanwhile, we found that SIR was more reliable than soil basal respiration（SBR） on explaining the changes of soil biological activity responsive to salt disturbance. In addition, microbial community structures of the soil bacteria, fungi, and Bacillus were obviously affected by both salt types and soil EC levels, and its diversity increased with increasing of mixed Cl–/SO42–salt rates, and then sharply declined down after it reached critical point. moreover, the diversity of fungal community was more sensitive to the mixed salt addition than other groups. The response of soil physiological profiles（Biolog） followed a dose-response pattern with Cl–（R2=0.83） or mixed Cl–/SO42–（R2=0.89） salt. The critical threshold concentrations of salts for soil physiological function were 0.45 d S/m for Cl– and 1.26 d S/m for Cl–/SO42–, and those for soil

关键词： soil biological activity microbial diversit3T chloride salt mixed salt threshold concentration

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The role of mT1-mmP in the progression and metastasis of osteosarcoma

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Journal of Cancer metastasis and Treatment 2022年第1期8卷 564-578页

作者： Hannah L.m.Spencer steven D.Shnyder Paul m.Loadman Robert A.Falconer Institute of Cancer Therapeutics Faculty of Life SciencesUniversity of BradfordBradford BD71DPUK

The dysregulation of membrane-type 1 matrix metalloproteinase(mT1-mmP)has been extensively studied in numerous cancer types,and plays key roles in angiogenesis,cancer progression,and ***1-mmP is a predictor of poor prognosis in osteosarcoma(OS),yet the molecular mechanisms of disease progression are *** review provides a summary of the literature relating to the gene and protein expression of mT1-mmP(mmP-14)in OS clinical samples,evaluates the expression in cell lines and experimental models,and analyses its potential role in the progression and metastasis of *** addition,the therapeutic potential of mT1-mmP as a drug target has been *** to the biological complexity of mmPs,inhibition has proven to be ***,exploiting the expression and proteolytic capacity of mT1-mmP could open new avenues in the search for novel,safer and selective drugs for use in OS.

关键词： matrix metalloproteinase membrane-type osteosarcoma mT1-mmP

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Sex-specific sterility caused by extreme temperatures is likely to create cryptic changes to the operational sex ratio in Drosophila virilis

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Current Zoology 2021年第3期67卷 341-343页

作者： Benjamin S.Walsh Natasha L.m.manimion Tom A.R.Price steven R.Parratt Institute of Integrative Biology University of LiverpoolCrown StreetLiverpoolL697ZBUK

Climate change is increasing the frequency and severity of short-term heat shocks that threaten the persistence of natural ***,most work addressing the evolutionary consequences of anthropogenic environmental change has focused on natural selection,with less attention paid to the impacts on sexual *** conditions under which sexual selection operates is a topic of debate,but a generally observed pattern is that the oper-ational sex ratio(OSR)of a population is key to determining both the extent of competition for fertilizations and the scope for mate choice(Weir et al.2011)

关键词： climate change reproduction sexual selection fertility

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Hydrogen and Ozone SAW Based Gas Sensors with RF magnetron Sputtered InO_x and Electron Beam Evaporated SiN_y

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稀有金属材料与工程 2006年第A3期35卷 206-209页

作者： A.C.Fechete A.Wisitsora-at W.Wlodarskil K.Kalantar-zadeh S.Kandasamy A.S.holland Sensor Technology Laboratory School of Electrical & Computer EngineeringRMIT UniversityMelbourne V1C 3001Australia NECTEC 112 Thailand Science ParkKIong LuangPathumathani 12120Thailand Sensor Technology Laboratory School of Electrical & Computer EngineeringRMIT UniversityMelbourne VIC 3001Australia

Layered Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) devices with an InO_x/SiN_u/36°YX LiTaO_3 structure were investigated for sensing low concentrations of hydrogen (H_2) and ozone (O_3) at different operating *** sensor consists of a 1μm thick silicon nitride (SiN_y) intermediate layer deposited by electron beam evaporation on a 36°Y-cut X-propagating piezoelectric lithium tantalate (LiTaO_3) substrate and a 100 nm thin indium oxide (InO_x) sensing layer deposited by *** *** device fabrication is described and the performance of the sensor is analyzed in terms of response magnitude as a function of operating *** frequency shifts of 360 kHz for 600μg/g of H_2 and 92 kHz for 40 ng/g O_3 were *** addition,the surface morphology of the deposited films were investigated by Atomic Force microscopy (AFm) and the chemical composition by X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) to correlate gas-sensing behavior to structural characteristics of the thin film.

关键词： SAW gas sensors E-beam evaporated SiN_y InO_x O3 H2

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