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Soil microbial activity and community structure as affected by exposure to chloride and chloride-sulfate salts

Journal of Arid Land 2018年第5期10卷 737-749页

作者： ZHANG Qianqian steven A WAKeLIN LIANG Yongchao CHU Guixin College of Life Science Shaoxing University Department of Resources and environmental Science College of Agriculture/the Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Shihezi University College of Resources and environmental Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University Department of Forest Systems Scion Research Ministry of education Key Laboratory of environment Remediation and ecological Health College of Environmental & Resource Sciences Zhejiang University

Mixed or chloride salty ions dominate in saline soils, and exert wide-ranging adversely affect on soil biological processes and soil functions. The objectives of this study were to（1） explore the impacts of mixed（0, 3, 6, 10, 20 and 40 g Cl–/SO42–salt/kg dry soil） and chloride（0, 1.5, 3, 5, 8 and 15 g Cl– salt/kg dry soil） salts on soil enzyme activities, soil physiological functional（Biolog） profiles and microbial community structure by using soil enzymatic, Biolog-eco microplates as well as denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis（DeeG） methods, and（2） determine the threshold concentration of soil electronic conductivity（eC1：5） on maintaining the functional and structural diversity of soil microbial community. The addition of either Cl– or mixed Cl–/SO42–salt obviously increased soil eC, but adversely affected soil biological activities including soil invertase activity, soil microbial biomass carbon（MBC） and substrate-induced respiration（SIR）. Cl– salt showed a greater deleterious influence than mixed Cl–/SO42–salt on soil enzymes and MBC, e.g., the higher soil MBC consistently appeared with Cl–/SO42–instead of Cl– treated soil. Meanwhile, we found that SIR was more reliable than soil basal respiration（SBR） on explaining the changes of soil biological activity responsive to salt disturbance. In addition, microbial community structures of the soil bacteria, fungi, and Bacillus were obviously affected by both salt types and soil eC levels, and its diversity increased with increasing of mixed Cl–/SO42–salt rates, and then sharply declined down after it reached critical point. Moreover, the diversity of fungal community was more sensitive to the mixed salt addition than other groups. The response of soil physiological profiles（Biolog） followed a dose-response pattern with Cl–（R2=0.83） or mixed Cl–/SO42–（R2=0.89） salt. The critical threshold concentrations of salts for soil physiological function were 0.45 d S/m for Cl– and 1.26 d S/m for Cl–/SO42–, and those for soil

关键词： soil biological activity microbial diversit3T chloride salt mixed salt threshold concentration

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Physician-level variation in the diagnosis of myocardial infarction and the use of angiography among veterans with elevated troponin

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Journal of Medical Colleges of PLA(China) 2016年第3期31卷 129-133页

作者： David e.Winchester Nayan Agarwal Lucas Burke steven Bradley Tatiana Schember Carsten Schmalfuss Division of Cardiovascular Medicine University of Florida College of MedicineGainesville FLUSA Malcom Randall Veterans Affairs Medical Center GainesvilleFLUSA Division of Cardiology Department of MedicineVA Eastern Colorado Health Care SystemDenverCOUSA Department of Medicine University of Colorado School of Medicine at the Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraCOUSA.

Background:Cardiac troponin assays have improved the ability to detect myocardial ***,ascertaining whether troponin elevation is due to myocardial infarction(MI) or secondary to another process can be *** aim is to evaluate provider-level variation in the diagnosis of MI and the use of invasive coronary angiography(ICA) among patients with undifferentiated elevations in cardiac ***:We analyzed data from all patients with elevated troponin levels in a single Veterans Affairs(VA) Medical Center between 2006 and *** of several cardiologists prospectively evaluated each patient's presentation and course of *** compared the frequency of MI diagnosis and ICA use between physicians using univariate odds ratios(OR).Results:Among 761 patients,34.0% were diagnosed with MI and 25.9% underwent *** unadjusted rates of MI(23.9% to 56.7%,P=0.02) and ICA(17.3% to 73.3%,Pered between *** the patient cohorts for each physician,baseline characteristics were similar except for chest *** multivariate regression,factors associated with the use of cardiac ICA included an abnormal electrocardiograph(eCG)(OR=1.89,P=0.014),level of troponin(OR=1.71,P=0.004),chest pain(OR=8.60,Pe by non-VA physicians(OR=4.45,P=0.006).One physician had a lower ICA use(OR=0.56,P=0.017).In multivariate regression of MI,no physician-level variation was ***:Among patients with elevated troponin,the likelihood of being diagnosed with MI and undergoing ICA is dependent on their clinical *** adjustment,physician-level variation in care was observed for the use of ICA,but not for the diagnosis of MI.

关键词： Acute coronary syndrome Coronary angiography Variation in care Cardiac troponin

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The impact of COVID-19 on clinical outcomes of burn patients

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Burns & Trauma 2023年第1期11卷 792-799页

作者： elliot T.Walters Alen Palackic Camila Franco-Mesa Nikhil R.Shah Michael J.erickson steven e.Wolf Department of Surgery University of Texas Medical Branch301 UniversityGalvestonTXUSA Division of Plastic Aesthetic and Reconstructive SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryMedical University of GrazGrazAustria

Background:Multiple studies have shown the SARS-CoV-2 virus(COVID-19)to be associated with deleterious outcomes in a wide range of *** impact of COVID-19 has not been well investigated among burned *** suspect that patients will have worsened respiratory and thrombotic complications,ultimately leading to increased *** objective of this study is to determine the impact a concurrent infection of COVID-19 has on clinical outcomes after a burn ***:This is a retrospective,propensity matched,cohort *** examined a de-identified database of electronic medical records of over 75 million patients across 75 health care associations in the United States for patients treated for thermal burns from 1 January 2020,to 31 July 2021,and those who also were diagnosed with COVID-19 infection within one day before or after injury based on International Classification of Disease,tenth revision(ICD-10)*** participants included adults who were treated for a burn injury during the study ***:We included 736 patients with burn injury and concomitant COVID-19 infection matched to 736 patients with burn injury and no concurrent COVID-19 infection(total 1472 patients,mean age 36.3±24.3).We found no significant increase in mortality observed for patients with concurrent COVID-19(OR 1.203,95%CI 0.517-2.803;p=0.6675).We did observe significant increase in infections(OR 3.537,95%CI 2.798-4.471;p=0.0001),thrombotic complications(OR 2.342,95%CI 1.351-4.058;p=0.0018),as was the incidence of hypertrophic scarring(OR 3.368,95%CI 2.326-4.877;p=0.0001).Conclusions:We observed that concurrent COVID-19 infection was associated with an increase in infections,thrombosis and hypertrophic scarring but no increase in mortality in our cohort of burn patients.

关键词： COVID-19 infection mortality burn thrombosis scarring

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Comparison of five video-assisted intubation devices by novice and expert laryngoscopists for use in the aeromedical evacuation environment

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Military Medical Research 2017年第2期4卷 61-69页

作者： Matthew C.Wallace SSgt Tyler Britton Robbie Meek Sharon Walsh-Hart Col Todd e.Carter steven J.Lisco University of Cincinnati Medical Center Department of Anesthesiology

Background: The critically ill or injured patient undergoing military medical evacuation may require emergent intubation. Intubation may be life-saving, but it carries *** novice or infrequent laryngoscopist has a distinct disadvantage because experience is critical for the rapid and safe establishment of a secured airway. This challenge is compounded by the austere environment of the back of an aircraft under blackout conditions. This study determined which of five different video-assisted intubation devices(VAIDs) was best suited for in-flight use by U.S. Air Force Critical Care Air Transport Teams by comparing time to successful intubation between novice and expert laryngoscopists under three conditions, Normal Airway Lights on(NAL), Difficult Airway Lights on(DAL) and Difficult Airway Blackout(DAB), using manikins on a standard military transport stanchion and the floor with a minimal amount of setup time and extraneous light ***: A convenience sample size of 40 participants(24 novices and 16 experts) attempted intubation with each of the 5 different video laryngoscopic devices on high-fidelity airway manikins. Time to tracheal intubation and number of optimization maneuvers used were recorded. Kruskal-Wallis testing determined significant differences between the VAIDs in time to intubation for each particular scenario. Devices with significant differences underwent pair-wise comparison testing using rank-sum analysis to further clarify the difference. Device assembly times, startup times and the amount of light emitted were recorded. Perceived ease of use was surveyed. Results: Novices were fastest with the Pentax AWS in all difficult airway scenarios. experts recorded the shortest median times consistently using 3 of the 5 devices. The AWS was superior overall in 4 of the 6 scenarios tested. experts and novices subjectively judged the Glide Scope Ranger as easiest to use. The light emitted by all the devices was less than the USAF-issued hea

关键词： simulation difficult airway novice expert military video laryngoscopy light emission

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Usingvery long-range terrestriallaser scanner to analyze the temporal consistency of the snowpack distribution in a high mountain environment

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Journal of Mountain Science 2017年第5期14卷 823-842页

作者： Juan I.LOPeZ-MOReNO Jesús ReVUeLTO e.ALONSO-GONZALeZ Alba SANMIGUeL-VALLeLADO steven R.FASSNACHT Jeffrey DeeMS enrique MORAN-TeJeDA Pyrenean Institute of ecology CSICZaragozaSpain Meteo-France-CNRS CNRM(UMR3589)Centre d'Etudes de la NeigeGrenobleFrance Colorado State University Fort CollinsColoradoUSA National Snow and Ice Data Center NSlDCBoulderColorado University of Balearic Islands MallorcaSpain

This study demonstrated the usefulness of very long-range terrestrial laser scanning(TLS) for analysis of the spatial distribution of a snowpack, to distances up to 3000 m, one of the longest measurement range reported to date. Snow depth data were collected using a terrestrial laser scanner during 11 periods of snow accumulation and melting,over three snow seasons on a Pyrenean hillslopecharacterized by a large elevational gradient, steep slopes, and avalanche occurrence. The maximum and mean absolute snow depth error found was 0.5-0.6 and 0.2-0.3 m respectively, which may result problematic for areas with a shallow snowpack, but it is sufficiently accurate to determine snow distribution patterns in areas characterized by a thick snowpack. The results indicated that in most cases there was temporal consistency in the spatial distribution of thesnowpack, even in different years. The spatial patterns were particularly similar amongst thesurveys conducted during the period dominated by snow accumulation(generally until end of April), or amongst those conducted during the period dominated by melting processes(generally after mid of April or early May). Simple linear correlation analyses for the 11 survey dates, and the application of Random Forests analysis to two days representative of snow accumulation and melting periods indicated the importance of topography to the snow distribution. The results also highlight that elevation and the Topographic Position index(TPI) were the main variables explaining the snow distribution, especially during periods dominated by melting. The intra-and inter-annual spatial consistency of the snowpack distribution suggests that the geomorphological processes linked to presence/absence of snow cover act in a similar way in the long term, and that these spatial patternscan be easily identifiedthrough several years of adequate monitoring.

关键词： Snow Terrestrial laser scanner(TLS) Topography Random Forests Spatial distribution Pyrenees

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Friction and wear performance of polyether ether ketone(PeeK)polymers in three lubrication regimes

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Friction 2024年第4期12卷 670-682页

作者： Davide MASSOCCHI Nora LeCIS Marco LATTUADA Davide SCAGLIA steven CHATTeRTON Paolo PeNNACCHI Department of Mechanical engineering Politecnico di MilanoMilan 20156Italy eni SpA Downstream product R&DLombardia 20097Italy eurobearings S.R.L. Lombardia 29016Italy

This experimental study investigates the friction and wear of three coatings commonly used in industrial applications,particularly in hydrodynamic *** three materials under investigation were Babbitt,polyether ether ketone(PeeK)reinforced with 15%carbon fibers,and PeeK reinforced with 20%carbon *** first polymer material was extruded,while the other was produced by fused deposition modelling(FDM).The materials were subjected to sliding tests in a pin-on-disc configuration,with a steel ball serving as the counter *** tests were conducted at room temperature,with a load of 10 N and under three different lubrication conditions:dry,grease,and *** linear speed was set at 0.3 m/s for the dry and semi-solid lubrication tests,while for the oil tests,the speed was set at 0.25 m/*** greases used had consistency grades of NGLI 000 and NGLI *** ISO VG 68 circulation oil was used for the oil lubrication ***,thermodynamic analyses were performed under the most severe conditions(i.e.,dry)to investigate the steel-Babbitt and steel-PeeK contact.

关键词： hydrodynamic bearings polyether ether ketone(PeeK)polymers additive manufacturing grease lubrication sliding oil lubrication ball-on-disk tribology

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Disentangling multiple scattering with deep learning:application to strain mapping from electron diffraction patterns

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npj Computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 2419-2433页

作者： Joydeep Munshi Alexander Rakowski Benjamin H.Savitzky steven e.Zeltmann Jim Ciston Matthew Henderson Shreyas Cholia Andrew M.Minor Maria K.Y.Chan Colin Ophus Center for Nanoscale Materials Argonne National LaboratoryArgonne DrWoodridge60517ILUSA National Center for electron Microscopy Molecular FoundryLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory1 Cyclotron RoadBerkeley94720CAUSA Department of Materials Science and engineering University of California BerkeleyBerkeley94720CAUSA Scientific Data Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory1 Cyclotron RoadBerkeley94720CAUSA

A fast,robust pipeline for strain mapping of crystalline materials is important for many technological *** electron nanodiffraction allows us to calculate strain maps with high accuracy and spatial resolutions,but this technique is limited when the electron beam undergoes multiple ***-learning methods have the potential to invert these complex signals,but require a large number of training *** implement a Fourier space,complex-valued deep-neural network,FCU-Net,to invert highly nonlinear electron diffraction patterns into the corresponding quantitative structure factor ***-Net was trained using over 200,000 unique simulated dynamical diffraction patterns from different combinations of crystal structures,orientations,thicknesses,and microscope parameters,which are augmented with experimental *** evaluated FCU-Net against simulated and experimental datasets,where it substantially outperforms conventional analysis *** code,models,and training library are open-source and may be adapted to different diffraction measurement problems.

关键词： valued adapted crystalline

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Immunobiology of hepatocarcinogenesis: Ways to go or almost there?

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology 2016年第3期7卷 242-255页

作者： Pavan Patel steven e Schutzer Nikolaos Pyrsopoulos Department of Medicine Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School

Hepatocellular carcinoma is on the rise and occurs in the setting of chronic liver disease and *** treatment modalities are available,mortality from this cancer remains *** therapy with the utilization of biologic compounds such as the Food and Drug Administration approved sorafenib might be the only option that can increase ***,with modern pharmacologic developments,is a new frontier in cancer therapy and therefore the immunobiology of hepatocarcinogenesis is under *** review will discuss current concepts of immunobiology in hepatocarcinogenesis along with current treatment modalities employing *** tumor microenvironment along with a variety of immune cells coexists and interplays to lead to *** infiltrating lymphocytes including CD8+ T cells,CD4+ T cells along with regulatory T cells,tumor associated macrophages,tumor associated neutrophils,myeloid derived suppressor cells,and natural killer cells interact to actively provide anti-tumor or pro-tumor ***,oncogenic pathways such as Raf/mitogenactivated protein kinase/extracellular-signal-regulated kinase pathway,phosphatidyl-3-kinase/AKT/mammalian target or rapamycin,Wnt/β-catenin,nuclear factor-κB and signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 may lead to activation and proliferation of tumor cells and are also considered cornerstones in *** directed at this complex milieu of cells has been showned to be successful in cancer *** use of vaccines,adoptive cell therapy and immune checkpoint inhibitor modulation are current options for *** translational research will shed light to concepts such as anti-tumor immunity which can add another alternative in the therapeutic armamentarium.

关键词： Hepatocarcinogenesis Adoptive cell therapy Tumorigenesis Hepatocellular carcinoma Immunology Tumorigenesis Immunotherapy Immunobiology Immune checkpoint inhibitors

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Interpreting atomization of agricultural spray image patterns using latent Dirichlet allocation techniques

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Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture 2020年第1期4卷 253-261页

作者： Hongfei Li steven Cryer John Raymond Lipi Acharya Department of Statistics University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignChampaignILUSA Data Science Corteva AgriscienceIndianapolisINUSA

Breakup patterns of agricultural formulations are explored using unsupervised learning techniques to elucidate themechanics of atomization for oil-in-water *** researchers have shown these formulations succumb to a different breakup mechanism than conventional formulations,beginning with inhomogeneities within the liquid sheet that nucleate holes within the material being sprayed,beginning themechanism responsible for breaking the sheet into *** Latent Dirichlet Allocation(LDA),a Bayesian hierarchical model,is used to explore unsupervised learning relationships between image analysis metrics on spray video data and the resulting atomization droplet *** factors discovered by LDA were used for classification of video segments and achieved 99.9%accuracy(3-fold cross validation).Seventy-five videos were used for regression where each video had a unique measured droplet size distribution(D10,D50,and D90 values)for *** using the features learnt by Latent Dirichlet Allocation used with regression have extremely good results(R^2~0.995 in 3-fold cross validation,R^2~0.963 on never-seen videos),which serves as evidence for the potential use of this model in image analysis of agricultural spray *** has huge potential in both learning and predicting atomization patterns[e.g.,driftable fines(dropsen used with images based on the breakup phenomena in agricultural *** small drop sizes that occur during atomization have the greatest propensity for off-target movement through wind induced *** proved useful in characterizing current and future formulation designs using only images as witnessed by observations and excellent predictions summarized in this *** fact,thesemethods offer potential for use under field conditions to address spray performance based upon images of spray patterns at the nozzle without the need for expensive light scattering equipment often used to measure this phenomenon

关键词： atomization formulation image

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Response of Microcystis aeruginosa FACHB-905 to different nutrient ratios and changes in phosphorus chemistry

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2018年第4期36卷 1040-1052页

作者： PeNG Guotao steven W.WILHeLM LIN Sijie WANG Xlangrong College of environmental Science and engineering State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource ReuseTongj UniversityShanghai 200092China Department of environmental Science and engineering Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Department of Microbiology University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN37920USA

Cyanobacterial blooms are a global problem, with their occurrence tightly tied to nutrient loading. We cultured Microcystis aeruginosa FACHB-905 in growth medium with either inorganic(orthophosphate) or organic(β-glycerophosphate or polyphosphate) phosphorus and at different N:P ratios with 50:1, 30:1, 16:1, 4:1 and 1:4, serving as the phosphorus source. Fluorescence parameters were measured to determine the response of cellular responses to nutrient stress. Scanning electron microscopy(SeM) and estimates of antioxidant activity were employed to examine potential mechanisms of physical change. The results demonstrate that inorganic phosphorus was more bioavailable to M. aeruginosa relative to organic phosphorus in culture. The highest cell concentration(2.21×10~6 cells/mL), chlorophyll-a(0.39 pg/cell) and phycocyanin(1.57 pg/cell) quotas and high levels of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters( reTR, e_k, α, φ_(PSⅡ) and F_v/F_m) were obtained when phosphorus was supplied as K_2 HPO_4 at a N:P ratio of 16–30. Organic sources of phosphorus(β-glycerophosphate and polyphosphate) were bioavailable to M. aeruginosa. In addition, too concentrated orthophosphate(N:P=1:4) resulted in the oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation of cell membrane(identified by the antioxidant system activity), and the photosynthetic activity declined consequently. This study has demonstrated the effects of different phosphorus chemistries and N:P ratios on the cyanobacterial growth, photosynthetic activity and cell physiology, which could be an effective tool for predicting cyanobacterial dominance or N-deficiency in natural lakes(due to the superior ability of cyanobacteria for dissolved N and fix atmospheric N in some cases).

关键词： antioxidant system chlorophyll fluorescence parameters Microcystis nutrient stress photosynthesis

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