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Growth of nitrate contribution to aerosol pollution during wintertime in Xi'an,northwest China:Formation mechanism and effects of NH_(3)

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Particuology 2024年第4期87卷 303-315页

作者： Hui Su Ting Zhang Suixin Liu Yao Qu Huan Li Jiamao Zhou Zhuzi Zhao Qiyuan Wang Lu Li Minxia shen Shuoyuan Chen steven Sai Hang Ho Junji Cao State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology.Key Laboratory ofAerosol Chemistry and Plhysics Institute of Earth EnvironmentChinese Acadery of SciencesXi'an 710061China Xi'an Institute for Innovative Earth Environment Research Xi'an 710061China National pbservation and Research Station of Regional Ecological Environment Change and Cornprehensive Management in the Guanzhong Plain Xi'an 710061China Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Atmospheric and Haze fog Pollution Prevention Institute of Earth EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXi'an 710061China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Jiangsu University of TechnologyChangzhou 213001China Division of Atmospheric Sciences Desert Research InstituteReno NV89512United States Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China

With the strengthened controls on SO2 emissions and extensive increases in motor vehicles'exhaust,aerosol pollution shifts from sulfate-rich to nitrate-rich in recent years in Xi'an,*** further gain insights into the factors on nitrate formation and efficiently mitigate air pollution,highly time-resolved observations of water-soluble inorganic ions(WSIIs)in PM_(2.5) were measured in a suburban area of Xi'an,China during *** concentration of total WSIIs is 39.8μg m-3 on average,accounting for 50.3%of PM_(2.5) *** contrast to a slight decrease in the mass fraction of SO_(4)^(2-),NO_(3)-shows a sig-nificant increase of the PM_(2.5) contribution with the aggravation of aerosol *** suggests the importance of NO_(3)-formation to haze ***,homogeneous reactions govern the formation of NO_(3)-,while alkali metals such as calcium and sodium play an additional role in retaining NO_(3)-in PM_(2.5) during clean ***,the heterogeneous hydrolysis reaction contributed more to NO_(3)-formation during the pollution periods under high relative *** investigation reveals that temperature,relative humidity,oxidant,and ammonia emissions facilitate rapid NO_(3)-*** the random forest(RF)model,NO_(3)-concentrations were successfully simulated with measured variables for the training and testing datasets(R2>0.95).Among these variables,CO,NH_(3),and NO_(2) were found to be the main factors affecting the NO_(3)-*** with the period without vehicle re-striction,the contributions of NO_(3)-and NH4+to PM_(2.5) mass decreased by 5.3%and 3.4%in traffic re-striction periods,*** vehicle restriction leads to the decreases of precursor gases of NO_(2),SO_(2),and NH_(3) by 12.8%,5.9%,and 27.6%,*** results demonstrate collaborative emission reduction of NO_(x) and NH_(3) by vehicle restrictions,and using new energy vehicles(or electric vehicles)can effectively alleviate particul

关键词： PM_(2.5) Water-soluble inorganic ions Nitrate formation Excess ammonium Vehicle restrictions

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互利作用促进了高山树线幼苗的存活

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2024年第3期17卷 115-127页

作者： Wensheng Chen Jiangrong Li Jesús Julio Camarero Huihui Ding Fangwei Fu Yueyao Li Xiangyu Zheng Xiaoxia Li Wei shen Shalik Ram Sigdel steven W.Leavitt Eryuan Liang Institute of Tibet Plateau Ecology Tibet Agricultural&Animal Husbandry UniversityNyingchi 860000China Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology in Tibet Plateau(Tibet Agricultural&Animal Husbandry University) Ministry of EducationNyingchi 860000China National Forest Ecosystem Observation&Research Station of Nyingchi Tibet Nyingchi 860000China Key Laboratory of Alpine Vegetation Ecological Security in Tibet Nyingchi 860000China Zhejiang Zhoushan Archipelago Observation and Research Station Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Stationand Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-RestorationSchool of Ecological and Environmental SciencesEast China Normal UniversityShanghai 200241China State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System Resources and Environment(TPESRE)Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología(IPE-CSIC) Zaragoza 50059Spain Anhui Province Key Lab of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention Key Laboratory of JiangHuai Arable Land Resources Protection and Eco-restorationMinistry of Natural ResourcesCollege of Resources and EnvironmentAnhui Agricultural UniversityHefei 230036China Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85721USA

高山树线被视为记录气候变化对树木和森林影响的生态监测器。迄今为止,大多数树线研究都集中在气候变化如何驱动树线动态的变化。然而,关于生物相互作用如何调节树线变化,特别是在树木更新这一树线动态的瓶颈方面,人们知之甚少。本研究... 详细信息

高山树线被视为记录气候变化对树木和森林影响的生态监测器。迄今为止,大多数树线研究都集中在气候变化如何驱动树线动态的变化。然而,关于生物相互作用如何调节树线变化,特别是在树木更新这一树线动态的瓶颈方面,人们知之甚少。本研究假设种间和种内促进作用决定了高山树线树苗的定居和存活。为了验证这一假设,我们在青藏高原东南部的色季拉山高山树线交错区(海拔4300–4500 m)的3个生长生境(林冠内、林冠外和草地)中共计移植了630株不同年龄(4–6年、7–9年和10–15年)的急尖长苞冷杉(Abies georgei ***)幼苗,连续3年监测了移植后幼苗的微气候、高度生长、死亡率和叶片功能性状。结果发现,叶片功能性状的变化是由微气候驱动的。移植后,叶片可溶性糖和淀粉浓度以及C:P比增加,而叶面积减小。幼苗的资源利用逐渐转向更保守的策略,其背后机制主要受到了生理性状(非结构性碳水化合物和植物养分)的介导。同时,由结构方程模型发现太阳辐射、温度和水分条件在植物相互作用下,通过介导叶片形态性状的变化最终影响了幼苗的死亡率和年生长。上述研究结果表明,植物间的互利作用通过改变太阳辐射和叶片功能性状,最终在决定幼苗生长和存活上起到至关重要的作用,同时也为理解全球气候变化背景下高山树线动态变化的驱动机制提供了新的见解。

关键词：青藏高原移栽实验叶片功能性状太阳辐射

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Renal cell carcinoma: Evolving and emerging subtypes

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2013年第9期1卷 262-275页

作者： Suzanne M Crumley Mukul Divatia Luan Truong steven shen Alberto G Ayala Jae Y Ro Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine Houston Methodist Hospital Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University

Our knowledge of renal cell carcinoma(RCC) is rapidly expanding. For those who diagnose and treat RCC, it is important to understand the new developments. In recent years, many new renal tumors have been described and defined, and our understanding of the biology and clinical correlates of these tumors is changing. Evolving concepts in Xp11 translocation carcinoma, mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma, multilocular cystic clear cell RCC, and carcinoma associated with neuroblastoma are addressed within this review. Tubulocystic carcinoma, thyroid-like follicular carcinoma of kidney, acquired cystic disease-associated RCC, and clear cell papillary RCC are also described. Finally, candidate entities, including RCC with t(6;11) translocation, hybrid oncocytoma/chromophobe RCC, hereditary leiomyomatosis and RCC syndrome, and renal angiomyoadenomatous tumor are reviewed. Knowledge of these new entities is important for diagnosis, treatment and subsequent prognosis. This review provides a targeted summary of new developments in RCC.

关键词： Renal cell carcinoma Subtypes Xp11 translocation Mucinous tubular and spindle cell Multilocular cystic clear cell Carcinoma associated with neuroblastoma recently described entities Clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma Acquired cystic kidney disease Hereditary leiomyomatosis Candidate entities Renal cell carcinoma with t(6 11)translocation

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Clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma is the 4th most common histologic type of Renal Cell Carcinoma:a study of 290 cases

Clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma is the 4th most co...

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2013海南省第五届生命科学联合学术会议

作者：郑少江 HaijunZhou Luan D.Truong Jae Y.Ro Alberto G Ayala steven S.shen Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine The Methodist HospitalWeill Medical College of Cornell University Department of Pathology Hainan Medical College

Background:Clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma(ccpRCC)has recently been recognized as a distinct subtype of RCC due to its unique morphologic,immunohistochemical and genetic features and indolent clinical *** have been a number of case series of sporadic or end-stage renal disease(ESRD)associated-ccpRCC,but the incidence of this tumor in nephrectomy series for renal mass has not beenfully investigated Design:A total of 290 consecutive partial(n=137)or radical nephrectomies(n=153)for RCC

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Black locust coppice stands homogenize soil diazotrophic communities by reducing soil net nitrogen mineralization

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Forest Ecosystems 2022年第3期9卷 289-300页

作者： Kun Li Huimei Tian W.Keith Moser steven T.Overby L.Scott Baggett Ruiqiang Ni Chuanrong Li Weixing shen Mountain Tai Forest Ecosystem Research Station of State Forestry Administration Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration for Silviculture of the Lower Yellow RiverForestry College of Shandong Agricultural UniversityTai'an271018ShandongChina Rocky Mountain Research Station United States Forest Service2500 S.Pine Knoll Dr.FlagstaffAZ86001USA Rocky Mountain Research Station United States Forest Service240 West Prospect Fort CollinsCO80526USA Mount Tai Scenic Spot Management Committee Tai'an271000ShandongChina

Background:Black locust(BL,Robinia pseudoacacia)is considered a promising tree species for reforestation due to its great ability to fix ***,after two or three coppice-harvesting rotations,the productivity of BL *** soil microbial communities are affected and how these groups correlate with the nitrogen mineralization process across multi-generation stands remains ***:We investigated the composition and structure of free-living nitrogen-fixing microorganisms(diazotrophs)by sequencing the marker gene nifH and compared these results to levels of soil nitrogen mineralization in the bulk soil and rhizosphere in black locust plantations on Mount Tai,***:The results showed multi-generation BL coppice plantations decreased the total soil nitrogen(N),soil phosphorus(P),soil microbial biomass N(MBN),soil microbial biomass C(MBC),soil nitrification rate(Rn),soil ammonification rate(Ra),and net soil N mineralization rate(Rm),but significantly increased the concentration of soil NH_(4þ)-N to maintain sufficient NO_(3)^(-)*** dominant species in bulk soil and rhizosphere changed from Rhodopseudomonas(22.62%and 15.76%),unclassified_c_Alphaproteobacteria(22.37%and 29.28%),unclassified_o_Rhizobiales(15.40%and 13.31%),Bradyrhizobium(12.00%and 11.74%)in seedling plantations to Bradyrhizobium(45.95%and 47.86%)and Rhodopseudomonas(43.56%and 41.84%)in coppice plantations,*** test and Redundancy analysis(RDA)revealed that Rn,Ra,and Rm were the most important factors shaping the diazotrophic ***:Our results suggest that the multi-generation BL coppice plantation can homogenize soil diazotrophic communities,which is mainly regulated by the available N loss caused by nitrogen *** the management technology of coppice plantations will provide more beneficial external consumption.

关键词： Black locust plantation nifH gene Nitrogen mineralization Coppice Soil nutrient

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Characteristics of PM_(2.5) and Its Reactive Oxygen Species in Heating Energy Transition and Estimation of Its Impact on the Environment and Health in China——A Case Study in the Fenwei Plain

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2023年第7期40卷 1175-1186页

作者： Zexuan WANG Hongmei XU Rong FENG Yunxuan GU Jian SUN Suixin LIU Ningning ZHANG Dan LI Tao WANG Linli QU steven Sai Hang HO Zhenxing shen Junji CAO Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology(SKLLQG) Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry&PhysicsInstitute of Earth EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXi’an 710061China Agricultural Technology&Extension Central of Xi'an City Xi’an 710061China Hong Kong Premium Services and Research Laboratory KowloonHong Kong Special Administrative Region(SAR)China Division of Atmospheric Sciences Desert Research InstituteRenoNV 89512United States

To reduce the adverse effects of traditional domestic solid fuel,the central government began implementing a clean heating policy in northern China in *** coal is an alternative low-cost fuel for rural households at the present *** this study,18 households that used lump coal,biomass,and clean coal as the main fuel were selected to evaluate the benefits of clean heating transformation in Tongchuan,an energy city in the Fenwei Plain,*** indoor and personal exposure(PE)samples of fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))were synchronically *** with the lump coal and biomass groups,the indoor PM_(2.5)concentration in the clean coal group is 43.6%and 20.0%lower,respectively,while the values are 16.8%and 21.3%lower,respectively,in the personal exposure ***_(2.5)-bound elements Cd,Ni,Zn,and Mn strongly correlated with reactive oxygen species(ROS)levels in all fuel groups,indicating that transition metals are the principal components to generate oxidative *** a reliable estimation method,it is predicted that after the substitution of clean coal as a household fuel,the all-cause,cardiovascular,and respiratory disease that causes female deaths per year could be reduced by 16,6,and 3,respectively,in the lump coal group,and 22,8,and 3,respectively,in the biomass *** though the promotion of clean coal has led to impressive environmental and health benefits,the efficiencies are still *** environmental-friendly energy sources must be promoted in the rural regions of China.

关键词： clean energy transition solid fuel combustion PM_(2.5) ROS Fenwei Plain

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精准医学基础研究与临床实践的回顾与展望

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生理科学进展 2017年第4期48卷 241-248页

作者：高建林魏美芳周晓燕柯开富桑爱民管又飞程纯沈树泉南通大学附属医院复旦大学附属肿瘤医院南通大学大连医科大学 Institute for Health Informatics Clinical Translational Science InstituteAcademic Health CenterUniversity of Minnesota

精准医学是健康卫生和医学科学的发展方向,是发展了一个多世纪的现代医学实践的升级版。本文研究了医学科研和医疗实践的发展趋势,从分子遗传、环境变迁及医疗信息管理等领域,分析和总结了影响精准医学发展的一些因素,提出了精准医学基... 详细信息

精准医学是健康卫生和医学科学的发展方向,是发展了一个多世纪的现代医学实践的升级版。本文研究了医学科研和医疗实践的发展趋势,从分子遗传、环境变迁及医疗信息管理等领域,分析和总结了影响精准医学发展的一些因素,提出了精准医学基础研究和临床实践的一些新思路,希望对精准医学的发展、医学科研实践及医疗卫生政策的制定产生积极的影响。

关键词：精准医学分子遗传表观遗传学生物与医学信息

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An Efficient,Energy Stable Scheme for the Cahn-Hilliard-Brinkman System

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Communications in Computational Physics 2013年第4期13卷 929-957页

作者： Craig Collins Jie shen steven M.Wise Department of Mathematics University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN 37912USA Department of Mathematics Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN 47907USA

We present an unconditionally energy stable and uniquely solvable finite difference scheme for the Cahn-Hilliard-Brinkman(CHB)system,which is comprised of a Cahn-Hilliard-type diffusion equation and a generalized Brinkman equation modeling fluid *** CHB system is a generalization of the Cahn-Hilliard-Stokes model and describes two phase very viscous flows in porous *** scheme is based on a convex splitting of the discrete CH energy and is *** equations at the implicit time level are nonlinear,but we prove that they represent the gradient of a strictly convex functional and are therefore uniquely solvable,regardless of time step *** to energy stability,we show that the scheme is stable in the time and space discrete ℓ^(∞)(0,T;H_(h)^(1))and ℓ^(2)(0,T;H_(h)^(2))*** also present an efficient,practical nonlinear multigrid method–comprised of a standard FAS method for the Cahn-Hilliard part,and a method based on the Vanka smoothing strategy for the Brinkman part-for solving these *** particular,we provide evidence that the solver has nearly optimal complexity in typical *** solver is applied to simulate spinodal decomposition of a viscous fluid in a porous medium,as well as to the more general problems of buoyancy-and boundary-driven flows.

关键词： Cahn-Hilliard equation Stokes equations Brinkman equation finite difference methods nonlinear multigrid convex splitting energy stability

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Distributed sparse bundle adjustment algorithm based on three-dimensional point partition and asynchronous communication

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Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2018年第7期19卷 889-904页

作者： Xiao-long shen Yong DOU steven MILLS David M EYERS Huan FENG Zhiyi HUANG College of Computer National University of Defense Technology Science and Technology on Parallel and Distributed Laboratory National University of Defense Technology Department of Computer Science University of Otago Department of Computer Science Tsinghua University

Sparse bundle adjustment(SBA) is a key but time-and memory-consuming step in three-dimensional(3 D) reconstruction. In this paper, we propose a 3 D point-based distributed SBA algorithm(DSBA) to improve the speed and scalability of SBA. The algorithm uses an asynchronously distributed sparse bundle adjustment(A-DSBA)to overlap data communication with equation computation. Compared with the synchronous DSBA mechanism(SDSBA), A-DSBA reduces the running time by 46%. The experimental results on several 3 D reconstruction datasets reveal that our distributed algorithm running on eight nodes is up to five times faster than that of the stand-alone parallel SBA. Furthermore, the speedup of the proposed algorithm(running on eight nodes with 48 cores) is up to41 times that of the serial SBA(running on a single node).

关键词：调整算法数据通讯异步三维散布分区 SBA 分布式

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Nanoindentation in elastoplastic materials:insights from numerical simulations

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International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials 2010年第2期1卷 95-114页

作者： steven W.Moore Majid T.Manzari Yin-Lin shen Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering The George Washington UniversityWashingtonDC 20052USA Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The George Washington UniversityWashingtonDC 20052USA

Finite element simulations of nanoindentation were performed on an elastoplastic material using Berkovich and conical indenters to investigate the effects of geometry on the load-displacement response of the *** Berkovich indenter,widely used in nanoindentation experiments,is typically simplified to a theoretically equivalent 70.3°conical indenter for numerical simulations,which allows for a less computationally intensive two-dimensional(2D)axisymmetric *** studies into the validity of this equivalence assumption for indentations in elastoplastic materials have varying *** 2D and 3D finite element simulations,the present study investigates the response of elastoplastic materials,obeying a combined isotropic and kinematic hardening,to indentation with conical and Berkovich *** show that there is a clear difference in the load-displacement response of the selected material to the two *** Berkovich geometry is found to produce a more localized pattern of contact stresses and plastic strains,leading to a smaller mobilized force for the same magnitude of *** further validate the numerical simulations,experimental results of nanoindentation into an aluminium specimen were compared to elastoplastic finite element simulation *** suggest that machining-induced residual stresses have likely affected the experimental results.

关键词： nanoindentation finite element analysis elastoplasticity tip geometry

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