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Estimates of voluntar. activation in individuals with anter.or.cr.ciate ligament r.constr.ction:Effects of type of stimulator.number.of stimuli,and quantification technique

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Jour.al of Spor. and Health Science 2022年第1期11卷 85-93页

作者： steven A.Gar.ia Kazandr. M.r.dr.guez Scott r.Br.wn r.ann M.Palmier.-smith Chandr.mouli Kr.shnan School of Kinesiology University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109USA Neur.muscular.and r.habilitation r.botics Labor.tor.(Neur.o Lab) Department of Physical Medicine and RehabilitationUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48108USA Depar.ment of Or.hopaedic Sur.er. Michigan MedicineUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109USA r.botics Institute University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109USA

Backgr.und:Accur.te quantification of voluntar. activation is impor.ant for.under.tanding the extent of quadr.ceps dysfunction in individuals with anter.or.cr.ciate ligament r.constr.ction(ACLr..Voluntar. activation has been quantified using both per.ent activation der.ved fr.m the inter.olated twitch technique and centr.l activation r.tio(CAr.der.ved fr.m the bur.t super.mposition technique,as well as by using differ.nt types of electr.cal stimulator. and pulse tr.in ***,it is unclear.how these par.meter. affect voluntar. activation estimates in individuals with *** study was per.or.ed to fill this impor.ant knowledge gap in the anter.or.cr.ciate ligament ***:Quadr.ceps str.ngth and voluntar. activation wer. examined in 18 ACLr.par.icipants(12 quadr.ceps/patellar.endon gr.ft,6 hamstr.ng tendon gr.ft;time since ACLr.1.06±0.82 year.,mean±SD)at 90°of knee flexion using 2 stimulator.(Digitimer.and Gr.ss)and pulse tr.in conditions(3-pulse and 10-pulse).Voluntar. activation was quantified by calculating both CAr.and per.ent ***:r.sults indicated that voluntar. activation was significantly over.stimated by CAr.when compar.d with per.ent activation(pr. activation estimates wer. not affected by pulse tr.in conditions when using per.ent activation;however.3-pulse stimuli r.sulted in gr.ater.over.stimation than 10-pulse stimuli when using CAr.p=0.003).Voluntar. activation did not differ.between stimulator.(p>0.05);however.the Digitimer.evoked gr.ater.tor.ue at r.st than the Gr.ss(pr.sults indicate that per.ent activation der.ved fr.m the inter.olated twitch technique pr.vides super.or.estimates of voluntar. activation than CAr.der.ved fr.m bur.t super.mposition and is less affected by pulse tr.in conditions or.stimulator. in individuals with ACLr.

关键词： Anter.or.cr.ciate ligament Centr.l activation Inhibition Knee str.ngth Tr.plet Twitch inter.olation

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Optimization of oper.tional str.tegies for.r.ch gas enhanced oil r.cover. based on a pilot test in the Bakken tight oil r.ser.oir

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Petr.leum Science 2023年第5期20卷 2921-2938页

作者： Xincheng Wan Lu Jin Nicholas A.Azzolina Jin Zhao Xue Yu steven A.smith James A.Sor.nsen Ener.y&Envir.nmental r.sear.h Center University of North Dakota15 North 23rd StreetStop 9018Grand ForksND58202-9018USA

Hor.zontal well dr.lling and multistage hydr.ulic fr.ctur.ng have been demonstr.ted as effective appr.aches for.stimulating oil pr.duction in the Bakken tight oil ***,after.multiple year. of pr.duction,pr.mar. oil r.cover. in the Bakken is gener.lly less than 10%of the estimated or.ginal oil in *** huff‘n’puff(HnP)has been tested in the Bakken For.ation as an enhanced oil r.cover.(EOr.method;however.most field pilot test r.sults showed no significant incr.mental oil *** of the factor. affecting HnP EOr.per.or.ance is pr.matur. gas br.akthr.ugh,which is one of the most cr.tical issues obser.ed in the field because of the pr.sence of inter.ell ***,injected gas r.pidly r.aches adjacent pr.duction wells without contacting r.ser.oir.r.ck and incr.asing oil *** confor.ance contr.l is ther.for. needed to avoid ear.y gas br.akthr.ugh and impr.ve EOr.*** this study,a r.ch gas EOr.pilot in the Bakken was car.fully analyzed to collect the essential r.ser.oir.and oper.tional data.A simulation model with 16 wells was then developed to r.pr.duce the pr.duction histor. and pr.dict the EOr.per.or.ance with and without confor.ance *** oper.tional str.tegies,including single-and multiple-well HnP,with differ.nt gas injection constr.ints wer. *** simulation r.sults of single-well HnP without confor.ance contr.l showed that a r.ch gas injection r.te of at least 10 MMscfd was needed to yield meaningful incr.mental oil *** str.tegy of confor.ance contr.l via water.injection could significantly impr.ve oil pr.duction in the HnP well,but injecting an excessive amount of water.also leads to water.br.akthr.ugh and loss of oil pr.duction in the offset *** analyzing the pr.duction per.or.ance of the wells individually,the ar.angement of wells was optimized for.multiple-well HnP *** multiwell r.sults showed that r.ch gas EOr.could impr.ve oil pr.duction up to 7.4%by employing confor

关键词： r.ch gas injection Bakken tight oil r.ser.oir EOr.str.tegies Confor.ance contr.l Embedded discr.te fr.ctur. model

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Pr.dictability and r.sk of Extr.me Winter.PM_(2.5)Concentr.tion in Beijing

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Jour.al of Meteor.logical r.sear.h 2023年第5期37卷 632-642页

作者： Jingpeng LIU Adam A.SCAIFE Nick DUNSTONE Hong-Li r.N Doug smith steven CHAr.IMAN Bo WU China Meteor.logical Administr.tion Key Labor.tor. for.Climate Pr.diction Studies National Climate CentreChina Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China Met Office Hadley Centr. Exeter EX13PBUnited Kingdom College of Engineer.ng Mathematicsand Physical SciencesUniversity of ExeterExeter EX44QGUnited Kingdom State Key Labor.tor. of Sever. Weather.and Institute of Tibetan Plateau Meteor.logy Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesChina Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China State Key Labor.tor. of Numer.cal Modeling for.Atmospher.c Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics(LASG) Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China

Air.pollution r.mains a ser.ous envir.nmental and social pr.blem in many big cities in the *** to pr.dict and estimate the r.sk of extr.me air.pollution is unsettled *** study tr.es to pr.vide a solution to this challenge by examining the winter.PM_(2.5)concentr.tion in Beijing based on the UNpr.cedented Simulation of Extr.mes with ENsembles(UNSEEN)*** PM_(2.5)concentr.tion obser.ations in Beijing,Japanese 55-yr.r.analysis data,and the Met Office near.ter. climate pr.diction system(DePr.Sys3a)lar.e ensemble simulations ar. used,and 10,000pr.xy ser.es ar. gener.ted with the model fidelity *** is found that in Beijing,the main meteor.logical dr.ver.of PM_(2.5)concentr.tion is monthly 850-hPa mer.dional wind(V850).Although the skill in pr.diction of V850 is low on seasonal and longer.timescales,based on the UNSEEN,we use lar.e ensemble of initialized climate simulations of V850 to estimate the cur.ent chance and r.sk of unpr.cedented PM_(2.5)concentr.tion in *** unr.vel that ther. is a 3%(2.1%–3.9%)chance of unpr.cedented low monthly V850 cor.esponding to high PM_(2.5)in each winter.within the 95%r.nge,calculated by bootstr.p r.sampling of the ***,we use the r.lationship between air.quality and winds to r.move the mer.dional wind influence fr.m the obser.ed r.cor.,and find that anthr.pogenic inter.ention appear. to have r.duced the r.sk of extr.me PM_(2.5)in Beijing in r.cent year..

关键词： UNpr.cedented Simulation of Extr.mes with ENsembles(UNSEEN) climate r.sk PM_(2.5) Beijing

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限制热量摄入6个月对超重者寿命指标、代谢调节及氧化应激的影响——随机对照试验Author.ffiliations：***；***，Austr.Iia（Dr.eilbr.nn）．

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美国医学会杂志（中文版） 2006年第5期25卷 266-274页

作者： Leonie K. Heibr.nn Lilian de Jonge Madlyn I. Fr.sar. James P. DeLany D. Enette Lar.on-Meyer.Jennifer.r.od Tuong Nguyen Cor.y K. Mar.in Julia Volaufova Mar.ene M. Most Fr.nk L. Gr.enway steven r. smith Walter.A. Deutsch Donald A. Williamson Er.c r.vussin 顾佳（译）不详 Pennington Biomedical r.sear.h Center Louisiana State University 6400 Perkins Rd Baton Rouge LA 70808

背景：长期限制热量摄入可延长啮齿类动物的寿命。但是，尚未有研究观测长期限制人体热量是否会影响其寿命及氧化应激指标，降低代谢率。目的：在超重但不肥胖（体重指数为25—30）的人群中研究限制热量6个月伴／不伴运动对其产生的影... 详细信息

背景：长期限制热量摄入可延长啮齿类动物的寿命。但是，尚未有研究观测长期限制人体热量是否会影响其寿命及氧化应激指标，降低代谢率。目的：在超重但不肥胖（体重指数为25—30）的人群中研究限制热量6个月伴／不伴运动对其产生的影响。设计、地点及参试者：于2002年3月至2004年8月在位于路易斯安娜州首府巴顿鲁治的研究中心对48名不好动的健康人进行随机对照研究。干预：参试者在6个月内随机分为4个组：对照组（饮食可维持体重）；限制热量组（限制基线所需能量的25％）；限制热量＋运动组（限制12．5％的热量＋运动增加12．5％的能耗）；极低热量饮食组（每日摄入890keal，直至体重减少15％，随后采用维持体重的饮食）。主要观测指标：机体组成；硫酸脱氢表雄酮（dehydr.epiandr.stemne sulfate，DHEAS）、葡萄糖及胰岛素水平；蛋白羰基化合物；DNA损伤；24小时能耗；核心体温。结果：6个月时各组体重变化的均值（标准误）为：对照组-1．0％（1．1％）；限制热量组-10．4％（0．9％）；限制热量＋运动组-10．0％（0．8％）；极低热量饮食组-13．9％（0．7％）。6个月时，各干预组空腹血糖水平较基线明显降低（P均〈0．01），而DHEAS和葡萄糖水平没有改变。限制热量组及限制热量＋运动组核心体温有所下降（P均〈0．05）。对机体组成进行校正后发现，对照组24小时静息能耗无变化，但限制热量组（-135kcal／d[42kcal／d]）、限制热量＋运动组（-117kcal／d[52kcal／d]）和极低热量饮食组（-125kcal／d[35kcal／d]）24小时静息能耗有所下降（P均〈0．008）。上述“代谢调节”（超出预计值的-6％）与对照组相比存在显著差异（P〈0．05）。6个月时，各组蛋白羰基化合物的浓度较基线时无变化，而各干预组DNA损伤有所减少（P〈0．005）。结论：我们的研究结果显示，长期限制热量可降低人类寿命的2种指标（即空腹胰岛素水平和体温）。此外，我们的研究结果还支持下述理论，即限制热量能降低代谢率，且超过缩小代谢面积产生的相应效应。我们尚需开展远期研究来评价限制热量能否延缓人类衰老过程。

关键词：随机对照试验热量摄入寿命指标代谢调节氧化应激超重低热量饮食空腹血糖水平

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Tar.eting whole body metabolism and mitochondr.al bioener.etics in the dr.g development for.Alzheimer.s disease

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Acta Phar.aceutica Sinica B 2022年第2期12卷 511-531页

作者： steven N.Austad Scott Ballinger.Thomas W.Bufor. Chr.sty S.Car.er.Daniel L.smith Jr.Victor.Dar.ey-Usmar.Jianhua Zhang Depar.ment of Biology University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL 35294USA Depar.ment of Pathology University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL 35294USA Depar.ment of Medicine University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL 35294USA Depar.ment of Nutr.tion Sciences University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL 35294USA

Aging is by far.the most pr.minent r.sk factor.for.Alzheimer.s disease(AD),and both aging and AD ar. associated with appar.nt metabolic *** developing effective ther.peutic inter.entions to tr.at AD is clear.y in ur.ent need,the impact of modulating whole-body and intr.cellular.metabolism in pr.clinical models and in human patients,on disease pathogenesis,have been *** is also an incr.asing awar.ness of differ.ntial r.sk and potential tar.eting str.tegies r.lated to biological sex,micr.biome,and cir.adian *** a major.par. of intr.cellular.metabolism,mitochondr.al bioener.etics,mitochondr.al quality-contr.l mechanisms,and mitochondr.a-linked inflammator. r.sponses have been consider.d for.AD ther.peutic *** r.view summar.zes and highlights these effor.s.

关键词： Mitochondr.al DNA Mitochondr.al electr.n tr.nspor. chain Mitochondr.al quality contr.l r.active species DAMPs Hexokinase biosynthesis pathway Diabetes Cir.adian r.gulation Micr.biome

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Str.golactones r.define plant hor.ones

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2016年第10期59卷 1083-1085页

作者： Lu Wang steven M.smith School of Biological Sciences University of Tasmania Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of sciences

A commonly accepted view of plant gr.wth hor.ones is that their.inter.ction with the cognate r.ceptor.pr.tein is r.ver.ible,so that each hor.one molecule can potentially inter.ct multiple times with a r.ceptor.and so ... 详细信息

关键词：植物激素受体蛋白定义植物生长激素相互作用激素信号酸水解

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Histor. and evaluation of national-scale geochemical data sets for.the United States

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Geoscience Fr.ntier. 2013年第2期4卷 167-183页

作者： David B.smith steven M.smith John D.Hor.on U.S.Geological Sur.ey.Denver.Feder.l Center MS 973.DenverCO 80225USA

Six national-scale,or.near.national-scale,geochemical data sets for.soils or.str.am sediments exist for.the United *** ear.iest of these,her. ter.ed the ＇Shacklette＇ data set,was gener.ted by a U.S. Geological Sur.ey（USGS） pr.ject conducted fr.m 1961 to *** pr.ject used soil collected fr.m a depth of about 20 cm as the sampling medium at 1323 sites thr.ughout the conter.inous *** National Ur.nium r.sour.e Evaluation Hydr.geochemical and Str.am Sediment r.connaissance（NUr.HSSr. Pr.gr.m of the *** of Ener.y was conducted fr.m 1975 to 1984 and collected either.str.am sediments,lake sediments,or.soils at mor. than 378,000 sites in both the conter.inous *** *** sampled ar.a r.pr.sented about 65%of the *** Natur.l r.sour.es Conser.ation Ser.ice（Nr.S）,fr.m 1978 to 1982,collected samples fr.m multiple soil hor.zons at sites within the major.cr.p-gr.wing r.gions of the conter.inous *** data set contains analyses of mor. than 3000 *** National Geochemical Sur.ey,a USGS pr.ject conducted fr.m 1997 to 2009,used a subset of the NUr.-HSSr.ar.hival samples as its star.ing point and then collected pr.mar.ly str.am sediments, with occasional soils,in the par.s of the *** cover.d by the NUr.-HSSr.*** data set contains chemical analyses for.mor. than 70,000 *** USGS,in collabor.tion with the Mexican Geological Sur.ey and the Geological Sur.ey of Canada,initiated soil sampling for.the Nor.h Amer.can Soil Geochemical Landscapes Pr.ject in *** of thr.e hor.zons or.depths at mor. than 4800 sites in the *** completed in 2010,and chemical analyses ar. cur.ently *** Nr.S initiated a pr.ject in the 1990s to analyze the var.ous soil hor.zons fr.m selected pedons thr.ughout the *** data set cur.ently contains data fr.m mor. than 1400 *** paper.1） discusses each data set in ter.s of its pur.ose,sample collection pr.tocols,and analytical methods;and（2） evaluates each data set in ter.s

关键词： Geochemical mapping National-scale geochemical data Geochemical baselines United States

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Por.able device to assess dynamic accur.cy of global positioning system(GPS)r.ceiver. used in agr.cultur.l air.r.ft

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Inter.ational Jour.al of Agr.cultur.l and Biological Engineer.ng 2014年第2期7卷 68-74页

作者： steven J.Thomson Yanbo Huang Lowr.y A.smith United States Depar.ment of Agr.cultur.(USDA) Agricultural Research Service(ARS)Crop Production Systems Research UnitStonevilleMS 38776USA

A device was designed to test the dynamic accur.cy of Global Positioning System(GPS)r.ceiver. used in agr.cultur.l air.r.ft and other.aer.al *** system wor.s by dir.cting a sun-r.flected light beam fr.m the gr.und to the air.r.ft using mir.or..A photo detector.points downwar. fr.m the air.r.ft to detect the light beam,and photo detection cir.uitr. tr.gger. an event in the guidance system data file at the air.r.ft’s location cor.esponding to the pr.cisely geor.fer.nced position on the *** details ar. pr.sented on the mir.or.based light r.flection system and photo-electr.nic cir.uitr. designed to tr.gger.an event in the guidance system’s log *** example application evaluated the hor.zontal accur.cy of a stand-alone GPS r.ceiver.by matching dynamic data with data fr.m the air.r.ft’s guidance *** indicated a 2.16 s lead in position r.gister.d by the stand-alone r.ceiver.over.that r.gister.d by the air.r.ft’s guidance system GPS r.ceiver.which had been pr.viously evaluated to be within 0.13 s of r.al-Time Kinematic(r.K)-r.fer.nced time and position.

关键词： GPS r.ceiver.accur.cy agr.cultur.l air.r.ft aer.al application r.mote sensing geor.fer.ncing UAV

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Kar.ikin and Cyanohydr.n Smoke Signals Pr.vide Clues to New Endogenous Plant Signaling Compounds

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Molecular.Plant 2013年第1期6卷 29-37页

作者： Gavin r. Flematti Mar. T. Water. Adr.an Scaffidi David J. Mer.itt Emilio L. Ghisalber.i' Kingsley W.Dixon steven M. smith School of Chemistr. and Biochemistr. University of Western Australia Crawley 6009 Western Australia Australia Centr. in Plant Ener.y Biology University of Western Australia Crawley 6009 Western Australia Australia School of Plant Biology University of Western Australia Crawley 6009 Western Australia Australia Kings Par. and Botanic Gar.en Fraser Avenue West Perth 6005 Western Australia Australia

Two new types of signaling compounds have been discover.d in wildfir. smoke due to their.ability to stimulate seed ger.ination. The fir.t discover.d wer. kar.ikins, which shar. some str.ctur.l similar.ty with the str.gol- actone class of plant hor.ones, and both signal thr.ugh a common F-box pr.tein. However. kar.ikins and str.golactones oper.te thr.ugh other.ise distinct signaling pathways, each distinguished by a specific a/13 hydr.lase pr.tein. Genetic analysis suggests that plants contain endogenous compounds that signal specifically thr.ugh the kar.ikin pathway. The other.active compounds discover.d in smoke ar. cyanohydr.ns that r.lease ger.ination-stimulating cyanide upon hydr.lysis. Cyanohydr.ns occur.widely in plants and have a r.le in defense against other.or.anisms, but an additional r.le in endogenous cyanide signaling should also now be consider.d.

关键词： fir. smoke kar.ikins str.golactones cyanohydr.ns cyanide seed ger.ination Ar.bidopsis thaliana.

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Br.eding high-yield super.or.quality hybr.d super.r.ce by r.tional design

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National Science r.view 2016年第3期3卷 283-294页

作者： Qian Qian Longbiao Guo steven M.smith Jiayang Li State Key Labor.tor. for.r.ce Biology China National Rice Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences State Key Labor.tor. of Plant Genomics and National Center.for.Plant Gene r.sear.h(Beijing) Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of Sciences Agr.cultur.l Genomics Institute at Shenzhen Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences School of Biological Sciences University of Tasmania

The challenge of meeting the incr.asing demand for.wor.dwide r.ce pr.duction has dr.ven a sustained quest for.advances in r.ce br.eding for.yield. Two br.akthr.ughs that led to quantum leaps in pr.ductivity last centur. wer. the intr.duction of semidwar. var.eties and of hybr.d r.ce. Subsequent gains in yield have been incr.mental. The next major.leap in r.ce br.eding is now upon us thr.ugh the application of r.tional design to cr.ate defined ideotypes. The exploitation of wide-cr.ss compatibility and inter.ubspecific heter.sis,combined with r.pid genome sequencing and the molecular.identification of genes for.major.yield and quality tr.its have now unlocked the potential for.r.tional design.

关键词： Or.za sativa L super.r.ce hybr.ds molecular.br.eding gr.in yield gr.in quality

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