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Agricultural Sciences in China 2010年第11期9卷 1602-1611页

作者： XIE Fu-ti ZHANG Hui-jun WANG Hai-ying AO Xue St. Martin steven k Agricultural College Shenyang Agricultural University Shenyang 110161 P.R.China Department of Horticulture and Crop Science Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center The Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210-1086. USA

Understanding the changes in agronomic and physiological traits associated with yield genetic gain is important for soybean production and future breeding strategy. The objective of this study was to compare the older and modern cultivars to learn whether the yield improvements depend on preplant fertilizer or the plant productivity improvement, A set of older cultivars, with their modern counterparts derived from breeding programs in Liaoning and Ohio were evaluated for their agronomic and physiological traits under different fertilizer levels from 2004 to 2006. There was no improvement of response to N and P preplant fertilizer for genotypes. After more than 70 yr breeding, soybean breeders made some improvements in agronomic and physiological traits that contribute to yield increase. When compared to older cultivar, modern Liaoning and Ohio cultivars were shorter and more resistance to lodging, had greater leaf density, higher harvest index, more leaf area per plant, and greater photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance at the beginning of seed development. Ohio cultivars were more resistant to lodging as if selected for easy harvest by combine, even under high N and P preplant fertilizer level, which resulted in Ohio cultivars with higher and stable yield productivity.

关键词： soybean [Giycine max (L.) Merr.] fertilizer agronomic trait physiology breeding

Microalloyed Steels for Heat Treating Applications at Higher Process Temperatures

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2011年第S1期18卷 80-89页

作者： David k.Matlock John G.Speer steven G.Jansto Marcus Stuart Advanced Steel Processing and Products Research Center Colorado School of MinesGoldenColorado USA CBMM-Reference Metals BridgevillePA CBMM Sao PauloBrasil

The potential is considered for use of microalloyed bar steels,in conjunction with thermomechanical processing,to enhance the properties of steels heat treated at higher process temperatures than have been used *** examples are highlighted:microalloyed spring steels with enhanced resistance to tempering and Nb-modified gear steels for high temperature vacuum carburizing,*** the order of 1050℃ versus 930℃ for a typical gas carburizing *** the spring steel example,the Nb+V steel results in significantly finer prior austenite grain sizes than the other steels considered,enhanced fatigue performance,and improved *** the Nb-modified carburizing steel,Nb additions up to 0.1 wt pct to a Ti-modified 8620 steel,in conjunction with thermomechanical processing to control initial precipitate distributions prior to carburizing,are shown to lead to materials with improved resistance to abnormal austenitic grain growth at the higher process *** content and heating rate to the carburizing temperature were shown to be important variables and suppression of abnormal grain growth was correlated with the development of a critical distribution of fine NbC precipitates,stable at the austenitizing temperature leading to improved fatigue performance in steels with fine and uniform grain *** for extending the results of this study to alloy design and controlled rolling in bar mills are assessed.

关键词： microalloying niobium thermomechanical processing carburizing abnormal grain growth

Downstaging of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma followed by liver transplantation using immune checkpoint inhibitors:Where do we stand?

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology and Therapeutics 2024年第5期15卷 24-32页

作者： Hirak Pahari Javid A Peer Shikhar Tripathi Suresh k Singhvi Ushast Dhir Department of Liver Transplant and Hepatobiliary Surgery Sir Ganga Ram HospitalNew Delhi 110060DelhiIndia Department of Surgical Gastroenterology and Liver Transplant Sir Ganga Ram HospitalNew Delhi 110060DelhiIndia

Liver transplantation(lt)in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)and chronic liver disease(CLD)is limited by factors such as tumor size,number,portal venous or hepatic venous invasion and extrahepatic *** previously established criteria,such as Milan or UCSF,have been relaxed globally to accommodate more potential recipients with comparable 5-year outcomes,there is still a subset of the population that has advanced HCC with or without portal vein tumor thrombosis without detectable extrahepatic spread who do not qualify or are unable to be downstaged by conventional methods and do not qualify for liver *** checkpoint inhibitors(ICI)such as atezolizumab,pembrolizumab,or nivolumab have given hope to this group of *** completed a comprehensive literature review using PubMed,Google Scholar,reference citation analysis,and *** search utilized keywords such as'liver transplant','HCC','hepatocellular carcinoma','immune checkpoint inhibitors','ICI','atezolizumab',and'nivolumab'.Several case reports have documented successful downstaging of HCC using the atezolizumab/bevacizumab combination prior to lt,with acceptable early outcomes comparable to other *** effects of ICI have also been reported during the perioperative *** such cases,a 1.5-month interval between ICI therapy and lt has been ***,the results of downstaging using combination immunotherapy were encouraging and *** reports suggested a potential ray of hope for patients with CLD and advanced HCC,especially those with multifocal HCC or branch portal venous tumor ***,prospective studies and further experience will reveal the optimal dosage,duration,and timing prior to lt and evaluate both short-and long-term outcomes in terms of rejection,infection,recurrence rates,and survival.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Liver transplant Downstaging Atezolizumab Nivolumab Immune checkpoint inhibitors

Sampling duration and freezing temperature influence the analysed gastric inositol phosphate composition of pigs fed diets with different levels of phytase

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Animal Nutrition 2019年第2期5卷 196-201页

作者： steven Laird Imke kühn Michael R.Bedford Hayley Whitfield Helen M.Miller Faculty of Biological Sciences University of Leeds AB Vista School of Biological Sciences University of East Anglia

This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of time and freezing temperature during sampling on gastric phytate(myo-inositol [MYO] hexakisphosphate [InsP6]), lower inositol phosphates(InsP2-5) and MYO concentrations in pigs fed diets containing different levels of phytase. Forty pigs were fed 1 of 4 wheat-barley diets on an ad libitum basis for 28 d. The diets comprised a nutritionally adequate positive control(PC), a similar diet but with Ca and P reduced by 1.6 and 1.24 g/kg, respectively(NC), and the NC supplemented with 500(NC + 500) or 2,000(NC + 2000) FTU phytase/kg. At the end of the experiment, chyme were collected from the stomach, thoroughly mixed and 2 subsamples(30 mL) were frozen immediately: one snap-frozen at-79 ℃ and the other at-20 0 C. The remaining chyme were left to sit at room temperature(20 ℃) and further subsamples were collected and frozen as above at 5,10 and15 min from the point of mixing. There were linear reductions in gastric InsP6 concentration over time during sampling(P < 0.001), irrespective of diet or freezing temperature. Moreover, InsP6 concentration was influenced by a diet × freezing temperature interaction(P < 0.05), with less InsP6 measured in chyme frozen at-20 ℃ than at-79 ℃;however,this difference was greater in the control diets than the phytase supplemented diets. Freezing chyme at-79 ℃ recovered more ∑InsP2-5 + MYO than freezing at-20 ℃ in pigs fed phytase supplemented diets;however, this difference was not apparent in the diets without phytase(diet × freezing temperature, P < 0.01), It can be concluded that significant phytate hydrolysis occurs in the gastric chyme of pigs during sampling and processing, irrespective of supplementary phytase activity. Therefore, to minimise post-slaughter phytate degradation and changes in the gastric inositol phosphate profile, chyme should be snap-frozen immediately after collection.

关键词： Pig Inositol phosphate Phytase Sampling time Freezing temperature

Ocular syphilis resurgence in an urban underserved community in the United States

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2022年第8期15卷 1357-1362页

作者： Emily k.Tam Alexander Port Diana Martin Gabrielle Fridman steven Ness Nicole H.Siegel Department of Ophthalmology Boston Medical CenterBostonMA 02118USA

AIM:To evaluate the clinical characteristics,demographics,and visual outcomes of patients with ocular syphilis at an urban hospital to increase awareness and assist in earlier diagnosis and treatment of the resurgent ***:A retrospective chart review was performed on patients with ICD-9 and ICD-10 diagnosis codes correlating with syphilis or syphilis-related ocular diseases between 2010 and *** evaluated included age,gender,race,vision,ocular findings,human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)status and men who have sex with men status,recreational drug and alcohol ***:Ocular syphilis was diagnosed in 40 patients(53 eyes)of a total of 229 patients who tested positive for syphilis via serum and/or cerebrospinal fluid treponemal testing from *** patients with ocular syphilis,most patients were males,aged 45 or above and Black,and had no diagnosed HIV *** 50%patients had 20/40 vision or *** 50%had nongranulomatous anterior uveitis as their initial presentation,and 49%of patients had involvement of the posterior *** glaucoma(5.7%),papillitis(7.5%),vasculitis(5.7%),and retinal detachment(5.7%)were rarer presentations of the disease and were associated with a poorer visual ***:Given the increased prevalence and protean manifestations of syphilis,early diagnosis and treatment are *** studies on ocular syphilis are warranted to understand this resurging disease.

关键词： ocular syphilis neurosyphilis uveitis surveillance treponema pallidum

Glyoxylate Reductase Isoform 1 is Localized in the Cytosol and Not Peroxisomes in Plant Cells

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2012年第3期54卷 152-168页

作者： steven L. k. Ching Satinder k. Gidda Amanda Rochon Owen R. van Cauwenberghe Barry J. Shelp Robert T. Mullen Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology University of Guelph Guelph Ontario N1G 2W1 Canada Department of Plant Agriculture University of Guelph Guelph Ontario N1G 2W1 Canada

Glyoxylate reductase （GLYR） is a key enzyme in plant metabolism which catalyzes the detoxification of both photorespiratory glyoxylate and succinic semialdehdye, an intermediate of the γ-aminobutyrate （GABA） pathway. Two isoforms of GLYR exist in plants, GLYR1 and GLYR2, and while GLYR2 is known to be localized in plastids, GLYR1 has been reported to be localized in either peroxisomes or the cytosol. Here, we reappraised the intracellular localization of GLYR1 in Arabidopsis thaliana L. Heynh （ecotype Lansberg erecta） using both transiently-transformed suspension cells and stably-transformed plants, in combination with fluorescence microscopy. The results indicate that GLYR1 is localized exclusively to the cytosol regardless of the species, tissue and/or cell type, or exposure of plants to environmental stresses that would increase flux through the GABA pathway. Moreover, the C-terminal tripeptide sequence of GLYR1, -SRE, despite its resemblance to a type 1 peroxisomal targeting signal, is not sufficient for targeting to peroxisomes. Collectively, these results define the cytosol as the intracellular location of GLYR1 and provide not only important insight to the metabolic roles of GLYR1 and the compartmentation of the GABA and photorespiratory pathways in plant cells, but also serve as a useful reference for future studies of proteins proposed to be localized to peroxisomes and/or the cytosol.

关键词： Arabidopsis GABA GLYR1 cytosol photobleaching peroxisome PTS stress tobacco BY-2.

Long-term complications of the transmeatal approach (Open Transcanal) in cochlear implants: A follow-up study

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Journal of Otology 2023年第1期18卷 33-37页

作者： Hesham Saleh Almofada Nasser kAlmutairi Michael steven Timms king Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center RiyadhSaudi Arabia Al Faisal University College of MedicineSaudi Arabia Saudi German Hospital DubaiUnited Arab Emirates

Objective: Multiple alternative approaches of cochlear implant surgery have been described, such as the suprameatal approach, transcanal approach, transmeatal approach and middle cranial fossa ***(open trnascanal) approach has not been adapted since first described in the clinical *** aimed to assess the long-term complications of the transmeatal approach in a series of 131 patients at our center between 2004 and ***: This study was a retrospective case series of all patients who underwent cochlear implants with the transmeatal(open transcanal) approach from May 2004 to December 2008 at king Faisal Specialist and Research Hospital(Riyadh, Saudi Arabia), which were conducted by the same ***: Complications were observed often with various combinations-recurrent otitis externa, posterior tympanic membrane perforation, electrode extrusion, cholesteatoma, and chronic mastoiditis. The overall long-term complication rate was 16%(21/131). The gap between the implantation and the diagnosis of a complication ranged from kness of the posterior canal wall in 1 ***: The transmeatal approach posed an high rate of complications on long-term follow-up such as cholestetoma formation, extrusion of electrode or perielectrode reaction formation to tympanic membrane and external auditory canal.

关键词： Cochlear implant Transmeatal approach Open transcanal approach Surgical complication

Male Tibetan macaques' (Macaca thibetana) choice of infant bridging partners

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Zoological Research 2014年第3期35卷 222-230页

作者： Briana BAUER Lori k. SHEERAN Megan D. MATHESON Jin-Hua LI R. steven WAGNER Primate Behavior and Ecology Program Central Washington University Department of Anthropology Central Washington University Department of Psychology Central Washington University School of Resources and Environment Anhui University School of Life Sciences Anhui Normal University Department of Biological Sciences Central Washington University

Adult male Tibetan(Macaca thibetana), Barbary(M. sylvanus), and stump-tailed macaques(M. arctoides) engage in bridging, a ritualized infant-handling behavior. Previous researchers found a bias toward the use of male infants for this behavior, but its function is debated. Explanations include three hypotheses: paternal care, mating effort, and agonistic buffering. We studied a group of habituated, provisioned Tibetan macaques to test whether adult males' affiliative relationships with females predicted their use of an infant for bridging. We also examined biases for sex, age, and individual in males' choice of bridging infant. We collected data via all occurrences, focal animal, and scan methods, from August to September 2011 at the Valley of the Wild Monkeys, China. We found that male infants were significantly preferred over females for bridging, but of three male infants in the group, only one was used by all males, while one male infant was used less often than expected. Adult males had females they were significantly more likely to be proximate to and/or to groom, but these corresponded to the mother of the bridging infant for only one male. Our results are most consistent with the agonistic buffering hypothesis: lower-ranked males used the alpha male's preferred bridging infant in an attempt to regulate their interactions with the alpha.

关键词： Agonistic buffering Affiliated infant Paternal care

High prevalence of soil-transmitted helminths in Southern Belize-highlighting opportunity for control interventions

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2014年第5期4卷 345-353页

作者： Rina Girard kaminsky steven k.a.lt Phillip Castillo kenton Serrano Guillermo Troya Department of Paediatrics School of MedicineNational Autonomous University of Honduras and Parasitology ServiceDepartment of Clinical Laboratory University Hospital Department of Communicable Diseases and Health Analysis Pan American Health Organization Southern Regional Hospital Stann Creek DistrictMinistry of Health Head of PAHO/WHO in Suriname former Services of Health Systems Consultant

Objective:To assess prevalence and intensity of soil-transmitted helminths(STH) in school age children of two southern districts as baseline information prior to implement a deworming program against intestinal parasites as part of an integrated country development ***:Children randomly selected from urban and rural schools in Southern Belize provided one stool sample each,analysed by the kato-katz method to assess prevalence and intensity of STH *** Info software was used for data analysis;Chi-square test and Fischer exact test were applied to compare group proportions;Pkworm infections tended to be more frequent in the older group 10 to 12 years *** significances(P≤0.01)were found in children in rural schools infected with any species of STH,in moderate Trichuris infections,in hookworm infections in rural areas with strong Mayan presence and in Ascaris infections in children of Mayan ***:High prevalence of STH in Southern Belize provided sound ground for implementing an integrated deworming control program.

关键词： Belize Intestinal parasites Soil-transmitted helminths Survey

Validity of continuous-failure-state unloading triaxial tests as a means to estimate the residual strength of rocks

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2021年第4期13卷 717-726页

作者： Gabriel Walton steven Gaines Leandro R.Alejano Department of Geology and Engineering Geology Colorado School of MinesGoldenCO80401USA Natural Resources Canada CanmetMININGOttawaOntarioK1A 1M1Canada Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Engineering Universidad de VigoVigo36310Spain

The residual strength of rocks and rock masses is an important parameter to be constrained for analysis and design purposes in many rock engineering applications.A residual strength envelope in principal stress space is typically developed using residual strength data obtained from compression tests on many different specimens of the same rock *** this study,we examined the potential for use of the continuous-failure-state testing concept as a means to constrain the residual strength envelope using a limited number of ***,cylindrical specimens of three rock types(granodiorite,diabase,and Stanstead granite)were unloaded at the residual state such that a full residual strength envelope for each individual specimen was *** a residual strength model that introduces a single new strength parameter(the residual strength index,or RSI),the results of the continuous-failurestate unloading tests were compared to conventionally obtained residual strength ***,the continuous-failure-state residual strength data were found to be consistent with the conventional residual strength ***,it was identified that the primary factor limiting an accurate characterization of the residual strength for a given rock type is not the amount of data for a given specimen,but the variety of specimens available to characterize the inherent variability of the rock unit of ***,the use of continuous-failure-state testing for estimation of the residual strength of a rock unit is only recommended when the number of specimens available for testing is very limited(i.e.<5).

关键词： Residual strength Continuous-failure-state testing Compression testing Brittle rock mechanics