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Surface storm flow prediction on hillslopes based on topography and hydrologic connectivity

Ecological Processes 2016年第1期5卷 153-165页

作者： Dennis W.Hallema Roger Moussa ge Sun steven g.mcnulty INRA UMR LISAH Laboratoire d’etude des Interactions Sol-Agrosysteme-Hydrosysteme(INRAIRDMontpellier SupAgro)2 place Pierre Viala34060 Montpellier CEDEX 2France U.S.Department of Agriculture Forest Service Eastern Forest Environmental Threat Assessment CenterSouthern Research StationRaleighNC 27606USA U.S.Department of Energy Oak Ridge Institute for Science and EducationOak RidgeTN 37830USA

Background:Hillslopes provide critical watershed ecosystem services such as soil erosion control and storm flow regulation through collecting,storing,and releasing rain *** intense rainstorms,rainfall intensity and infiltration capacity on the hillslope control Hortonian runoff while the topographic attributes of the hillslope(e.g.,slope,aspect,curvature)and the channel network define the structural hydraulic connectivity that determines how rapidly excess water is *** paper discusses literature on the link between topographic attributes and hydrologic connectivity and demonstrates how this link can be used to define a parsimonious model for predicting surface runoff during high intensity *** text:First,we provide a topographic characterization of the hillslope necessary to determine the structural hydrologic connectivity of surface flow based on existing ***,we demonstrate a hydrologic surface response model that routes the geomorphologic unit hydrograph(gIUH)through a spatial domain of representative elementary hillslopes reflecting the structural hydrologic *** attributes impact flow and travel time distributions by affecting gravitational acceleration of overland flow and channel,solar irradiance,flow deceleration by vegetation,and flow divergence/***:We show with an example where we apply the gIUH-based model to hypothetical hillslopes that the spatial organization of the channel network is critical in the flow and travel time distribution,and that topographic attributes are key in obtaining simple yet accurate representations of hydrologic *** gIUH models of surface runoff that use this hydrologic connectivity have the advantage of low data requirements,being scalable and applicable regardless of the spatial complexity of the hillslope,and have the potential to fundamentally improve flood forecasting tools used in the assessment of ecosystem servi

关键词： Hydrological processes Hydrologic connectivity Storm flow Ecosystem services gIUH

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Pandemic spotlight on urban water quality

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Ecological Processes 2020年第1期9卷 249-251页

作者： Dennis W.Hallema François-Nicolas Robinne steven g.mcnulty Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources North Carolina State University3041 East Cornwallis RoadResearch Triangle ParkNC 27709USA Canadian Partnership for Wildland Fire Science Department of Renewable ResourcesUniversity of Alberta751 General Services BuildingEdmontonAB T6G 2H1Canada Eastern Forest Environmental Threat Assessment Center Southern Research StationU.S.Department of Agriculture Forest ServiceResearch Triangle ParkNC 27709USA.

Surface water improvements associated with the COVID-19 economic slowdown illustrate environmental resiliency and societal control over urban water quality.

关键词： urban quality. water

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潜在气候变化对美国南部数州火炬松林生产力和排水量的影响

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人类环境杂志 1996年第7期25卷 449-453页

作者： steven g.mcnulty James M. Vose Wayne T.Swank 石培礼 USDA林务局 Coweeta水文实验室 Coweeta实验室

PnET-Ⅱs,是一个很有效的,以生理学为基础的森林生态系统模型,它将土壤和植被数据与6种气候变化情况结合起来。利用这个模型预测了美国南部的得克萨斯、密西西比、佛罗里达和弗吉利亚等州火炬松立地的年净初级生产量和排水量。未来的气... 详细信息

PnET-Ⅱs,是一个很有效的,以生理学为基础的森林生态系统模型,它将土壤和植被数据与6种气候变化情况结合起来。利用这个模型预测了美国南部的得克萨斯、密西西比、佛罗里达和弗吉利亚等州火炬松立地的年净初级生产量和排水量。未来的气候中气温变化大于历史值(1951～1984年)2～7℃,降水量变化大于历史值-10%～20%。在这些立地中,气温增加对森林的水文和生产力的影响比降水量变化的影响更大,这些变化可能会通过降低净初级生产量和总叶面积而严重地影响美国南部各州森林的结构和功能。单位面积的水分利用将增加,但植物的总水分需求量将因总叶面积降低而减少,因此,将增加松林区域的排水量。年平均气温增加7℃,将在很大程度缩小火炬松林的分布范围。

关键词：气候变化美国南部火炬松林 PnET-Ⅱs 森林

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Oligodendroglial heterogeneity in health,disease,and recovery:deeper insights into myelin dynamics

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第11期20卷 3179-3192页

作者： Pieter-Jan Serneels Julie D.De Schutter Lies De groef Lieve Moons steven Bergmans KU Leuven Leuven Brain InstituteDepartment of BiologyAnimal Physiology and Neurobiology DivisionNeural Circuit Development&Regeneration Research GroupLeuvenBelgium KU Leuven Leuven Brain InstituteDepartment of BiologyAnimal Physiology and Neurobiology DivisionCellular Communication&Neurodegeneration Research GroupLeuvenBelgium

Decades of research asserted that the oligodendroglial lineage comprises two cell types:oligodendrocyte precursor cells and ***,recent studies employing single-cell RNA sequencing techniques have uncovered novel cell states,prompting a revision of the existing *** forward,the oligodendroglial lineage should be delineated into five distinct cell states:oligodendrocyte precursor cells,committed oligodendrocyte precursor cells,newly formed oligodendrocytes,myelin-forming oligodendrocytes,and mature *** new classification system enables a deeper understanding of the oligodendroglia in both physiological and pathological *** this uniform terminology will facilitate comparison and integration of data across ***,including the consolidation of findings from various demyelinating models,is essential to better understand the pathogenesis of demyelinating ***,comparing injury models across species with varying regenerative capacities can provide insights that may lead to new therapeutic strategies to overcome remyelination ***,by standardizing terminology and synthesizing data from diverse studies across different animal models,we can enhance our understanding of myelin pathology in central nervous system disorders such as multiple sclerosis,Alzheimer's disease,and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,all of which involve oligodendroglial and myelin dysfunction.

关键词： animal models demyelination fish mammals multiple sclerosis myelin neurodegeneration oligodendrocytes oligodendroglial lineage remyelination

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Lateral detrital C transfer across a Spartina alternifora invaded estuarine wetland

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Ecological Processes 2021年第1期10卷 980-998页

作者： Yu gao Jiquan Chen Tingting Zhang Bin Zhao steven mcnulty Haiqiang guo Feng Zhao Ping Zhuang Key Laboratory of East China Sea&Oceanic Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization Scientifc Observing and Experimental Station of Fisheries Resources and Environment of East China Sea and Yangtze EstuaryEast China Sea Fisheries Research InstituteChinese Academy of Fishery SciencesShanghai 200090China. Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering Coastal Ecosystems Research Station of the Yangtze River Estuaryand Institute of Eco-Chongming(IEC)Fudan UniversityShanghai 200438China. Department of geological Sciences University of Texas at AustinAustinTX 78712USA. Department of geography and Center for global Change and Earth Observations(CgCEO) Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA. Eastern Forest Environmental Threat Assessment Center Southern Research StationUSDA Forest ServiceResearch Triangle ParkNC 27709USA.

Background:The lateral movements of mass and energy across the terrestrial-aquatic interface are being increasingly recognized for their importance in the carbon(C)balance of coastal/estuarine *** quantifed the lateral fux of detrital C in the Yangtze estuary where invasive Spartina alternifora has substantially and extensively altered the ecosystem structure and *** overall objective was to close the C budget of estuarine wetlands through feld sampling,tower-based measurements,and ***:A lateral detrital C exchange evaluation platform was established in a case study of the Yangtze River Estuary to investigate the efect of ecosystem structural changes on lateral detrital C transfer *** study estimated the lateral detrital C exchange based on the gross primary production(gPP)by performing coupled modeling and feld ***-based measurements and MODIS time series and CH4 outgassing and biomass simultaneously measured the lateral detrital C fux to characterize the relative contributions of lateral(i.e.,detritus)C fuxes to the annual marsh C ***:The C pools in the plants and soil of Spartina marshes were signifcantly higher than those of the native community dominated by Phragmites *** gPP based on MODIS(gPPMODIS)was 472.6 g C m^(−2) year^(−1) and accounted for 73.0%of the gPP estimated from eddy covariance towers(gPPEC)(646.9±70.7 g C m^(−2) year^(−1)).We also detected a higher gPPMODIS during the pre-growing season,which exhibited a similar lateral detrital C fux *** average,25.8%of the net primary production(NPP),which ranged from 0.21 to 0.30 kg C m^(−2) year^(−1),was exported during lateral *** annual C loss as CH4 was estimated to be 17.9±3.7 g C m^(−2) year^(−1),accounting for 2.8%of the *** net positive detrital C fux(i.e.,more detritus leaving the wetlands),which could exceed 0.16 kg C m^(−2) day^(-1),was related to daily ***,the observed lateral detrital C fu

关键词： Estuarine wetland Carbon outwelling Lateral carbon fux Methane emission Spartina alternifora Phragmites australis

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A Field Observation and Significant Range Extension of Manouria impressa in Myanmar

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Asian Herpetological Research 2016年第4期7卷 295-297页

作者： Saw HTUN steven g. PLATT Wildlife Conservation Society Myanmar Program Office Block C- 1 Aye Yeik Mon 1st Street Hlaing Township YangonMyanmar

Few records of the impressed tortoise （Manouria impressa） are available from Myanmar and most are based on historic accounts, old museum specimens, and shells obtained from villagers and wildlife traffickers. We herein report the observation of a living M. impressa in the Hukaung Valley Wildlife Sanctuary of northern Myanmar. Our observation extends the known distribution of M. impressa in Myanmar approximately 850 km northwards from previously reported populations in the Rakhine Hills of Magway Region.

关键词： conservation Hukaung Valley Wildlife Sanctuary impressed tortoise Myanmar

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Net Nitrogen Mineralization in Natural Ecosystems across the Conterminous US

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International Journal of geosciences 2013年第9期4卷 1300-1312页

作者： LeeAnna Y. Chapman steven g. mcnulty ge Sun Yang Zhang Department of Marine Earth and Atmospheric Sciences North Carolina State University Raleigh USA Eastern Forest Environmental Threat Assessment Center United States Department of Agriculture—Forest Service Raleigh USA

Nitrogen is the primary nutrient limiting ecosystem productivity over most of the US. Although soil nitrogen content is important, knowledge about its spatial extent at the continental scale is limited. The objective of this study was to estimate net nitrogen mineralization for the conterminous US (CONUS) using an empirical modeling approach by scaling up site level measurements. Net nitrogen mineralization and total soil nitrogen data across the CONUS were obtained from three different ecosystems: low elevation forests, high elevation forests, and grasslands. Equations to predict net nitrogen mineralization were developed through stepwise linear regression using total Kjeldahl nitrogen, air temperature, precipitation, and nitrogen deposition as predictor variables for four categories: low elevation high temperature forests (coefficient of determination, R2 = 0.83), low elevation low temperature forests (R2 = 0.74), high elevation forests (R2 = 0.80), and grasslands (R2 = 0.88). A map of net nitrogen mineralization was developed in gIS using these equations and national-scale databases for the CONUS. The result shows that net nitrogen mineralization varies widely across the US. grasslands were predicted to have the lowest net nitrogen mineralization, while low elevation forests in the east had the highest. Mean values were 14.3 kg·ha-1·yr-1 for grasslands, 22.6 kg·ha-1·yr-1 for high elevation forests, 58 kg·ha-1·yr-1 for low elevation low temperature forests, and 82.9 kg·ha-1·yr-1 for low elevation high temperature forests. This continental scale estimation of net nitrogen mineralization provides a means of comparing net nitrogen mineralization across regions, and the databases developed from this study are useful for accounting for nitrogen limitations in large scale ecosystem modeling.

关键词： Nitrogen Limitation Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen Forest grassland Linear Regression Plant Available Nitrogen

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High Strength Low Alloy (HSLA) Steels in Building Construction

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2011年第S1期18卷 773-778页

作者： Sivakumaran Ken Siva Jansto steven g Department of Civil Engineering McMaster UniversityHamilton Reference Metals Company-CBMM 1000 Old Pond RoadBridgevillePA 15017USA

Majority of the buildings,including industrial buildings,are constructed using either structural steel (plates and structural shapes) or deformed bar steel reinforced *** buildings,however,must be designed to be safe and serviceable during construction and during use and *** objectives can be easily achieved by the use of steels having superior mechanical properties,ductility,weldability,fire resistance,*** the years,the steel industry has made improvements in steel making technologies resulting in high strength low alloy (HSLA) steels with superior steel properties well suited for building *** part of this paper presents the structural design considerations,and the constructional considerations associated with the building structures in general,and steel structures in *** second part of the paper looks at the acceptance criteria for HSLA steels for North American building codes and *** third part of the paper presents the structural properties of currently available HSLA steels for building *** discussion focuses on hot-rolled structural steel shapes as well as deformed steel bars for concrete *** paper argues that Niobium microalloying is the key to achieving superior properties in such steels.

关键词： HSLA steels building construction structural shapes deformed bars structural performance niobium

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Nitrogen-doped biochars as adsorbents for mitigation of heavy metals and organics from water:a review

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Biochar 2022年第1期4卷 906-935页

作者： Nitesh Kasera Praveen Kolar steven g.Hall Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNCUSA

Mitigation of toxic contaminants from wastewater is crucial to the safety and sustainability of the aquatic ecosystem and human *** is a pressing need to find economical and efficient technologies for municipal,agricultural,aquacultural,and industrial wastewater ***-doped biochar,which is synthesized from waste biomass,is shown to exhibit good adsorptive performance towards harmful aqueous contaminants,including heavy metals and organic ***-porating nitrogen into the biochar matrix changes the overall electronic structure of biochar,which favors the interaction of N-doped biochar with *** this review,we start the discussion with the preparation techniques and raw materials used for the production of N-doped biochar,along with its structural ***,the adsorption of heavy metals and organic pollutants on N-doped biochars is systematically *** adsorption mechanisms of contaminant removal by N-doped biochar are also clearly ***,mathematical analyses of adsorption,crucial to the quantification of adsorption,process design,and understanding of the mechanics of the process,are ***,the influence of environmental parameters on the adsorption process and the reusability of N-doped biochars are critically ***,future research trends for the design and development of application-specific preparation of N-doped biochars for wastewater treatment are suggested.

关键词： N-doped Nitrogen-enriched Adsorption Wastewater Mechanism

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Neutropenic enterocolitis

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World Journal of gastroenterology 2017年第1期23卷 42-47页

作者： Fabio g Rodrigues giovanna Dasilva steven D Wexner Department of Colorectal Surgery Cleveland Clinic FloridaWestonFL 33331United States

Neutropenic colitis is a severe condition usually affecting immunocompromised patients. Its exact pathogenesis is not completely understood. The main elements in disease onset appear to be intestinal mucosal injury together with neutropenia and the weakened immune system of the afflicted patients. These initial conditions lead to intestinal edema, engorged vessels, and a disrupted mucosal surface, which becomes more vulnerable to bacterial intramural invasion. Chemotherapeutic agents can cause direct mucosal injury (mucositis) or can predispose to distension and necrosis, thereby altering intestinal motility. This article aims to review current concepts regarding neutropenic colitis’ pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management.

关键词： Neutropenic enterocolitis Neutropenic colitis Immunocompromise Intestinal mucosal injury Neutropenia Intestinal edema Intramural invasion Pathogenesis

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