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DNA alkylation promote. by an e.e.tron-rich quinone.me.hide. inte.me.iate

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Frontie.s of Che.ical Scie.ce.and e.gine.ring 2016年第2期10卷 213-221页

作者： Che.gyun Huang steven e. Rokita De.artme.t of Che.istry and Bioche.istry University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 USA Sichuan Institute.of Ge.logical e.gine.ring Inve.tigation Chengdu 610072 China De.artme.t of Che.istry Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD 21218 USA

Biological application of conjugate. de.ive. from oligonucle.tide. and quinone.me.hide. have.pre. viously be.n limite. by the.slow e.change.of the.r covale.t se.f-adducts and subse.ue.t alkylation of targe. nucle.c acids. To e.hance.the.rate. of the.e.proce.se., a ne. quinone.me.hide.pre.ursor with an e.e.tron donating substitue.t has be.n pre.are.. Additionally, this substi- tue.t has be.n place. para to the.nasce.t e.o-me.hyle.e.group of the.quinone.me.hide.for maximum e.fe.t. A conjugate.made.from this pre.ursor and a 5＇-aminohe.- yloligonucle.tide.acce.e.ate. formation of its re.e.sible.se.f-adduct and alkylation of its comple.e.tary DNA as pre.icte. from prior mode. studie..

关键词： quione.me.hide DNA alkylation re.e.sible.covale.t re.ction bioconjugation targe.-dire.te. modification of nucle.c acids

Ge.e.ic variability of the.stable.fly asse.se. on a global scale.using amplifie. fragme.t le.gth polymorphism

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Inse.t Scie.ce 2016年第5期23卷 695-703页

作者： Kathle.n M Kne.land steven R. Skoda John e. Foste. De.artme.t of e.tomology 103 Entomology Haft University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE 68583 USDA-ARS-KBUSLIRL Scre.worm Re.e.rch Unit 2700 Fredericksburg Road Kern/ille TX 78028 USA

The.stable.fly, Stomoxys calcitrans （L.）（Dipte.a： Muscidae., is a blood-fe.ding, e.onomically important pe.t of animals and humans worldwide. Improve. manage.e.t strate.ie. are.e.se.tial and the.r de.e.opme.t would be.e.it from studie. on ge.e.ic di- ve.sity of stable.flie.. e.pe.ially if done.on a global scale. such re.e.rch could ge.e.ate.information ne.e.sary for the.de.e.opme.t and application of more.e.ficie.t control me.h- ods. He.e.n we.re.ort on a ge.e.ic study of stable.flie. using amplifie. fragme.t le.gth polymorphism, with sample. of 10-40 individuals acquire. from a total of 25 locations in the.Ne.rctic, Ne.tropic, Pale.rctic, Afrotropic and Australasian bioge.graphical re.ions. We.hypothe.ize. that ge.e.ic diffe.e.tiation would e.ist across ge.graphical barrie.s. Although Fsx （0.33） was mode.ate.y high, the.Gsx （0.05; re.re.e.ting ge.e.ic dive.sity be.we.n individuals） was ve.y low; Nm value. （re.re.e.ting ge.e.flow） we.e.high （9.36）. The.mismatch distribution and te.ts of ne.trality sugge.te. population e.pansion, with no ge.e.ic diffe.e.tiation be.we.n locations. The.analysis of mole.ular variance.（AMOVA） re.ults showe. the.majority of ge.e.ic dive.sity was within groups. The.mante. te.t showe. no corre.ation be.we.n ge.graphic and ge.e.ic distance. this strongly supports the.AMOVA re.ults. The.e.re.ults sugge.t that stable.flie. did not show ge.e.ic diffe.e.tiation but are.panmictic, with no e.ide.ce.of isolation by distance.or across ge.graphical barrie.s.

关键词： AFLP biting flie. e.te.nal parasite. ge.e.ic dive.sity live.tock pe.ts Stomoxys calcitrans

Se.e. possible.state. of ge.spatial data with re.pe.t to map proje.tion and de.inition: a nove. pe.agogical de.ice.for GIS e.ucation

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Ge.-Spatial Information Scie.ce 2018年第4期21卷 288-293页

作者： steven e.Gre.o De.artme.t of Human e.ology University of CaliforniaDavisCAUSA

Conce.tually,the.the.ry and imple.e.tation of“map proje.tion”in ge.graphic information syste.(GIS)te.hnology is difficult to compre.e.d for most introductory stude.ts and novice.*** this difficulty is the.conce.t of a“map proje.tion file.that de.ine. map proje.tion parame.e.s of ge.-spatial *** proble. of the.missing proje.tion file.appe.rs ubiquitous for all use.s,e.pe.ially in practice.whe.e.data is wide.y *** common proble. is inadve.te.t misapplication of the.De.ine.Proje.tion”tool that can re.ult in a GIS datase. with an incorre.tly de.ine. map proje.tion *** e.ucation should provide.more.guidance.in diffe.e.tiating the.conce.ts of map proje.tion ve.sus proje.tion file. by incre.sing unde.standing and minimizing common e.rors.A nove. pe.agogical de.ice.is introduce. in this pape.:the.se.e. possible.state. of GIS data with re.pe.t to map proje.tion and *** se.e. possible.state. are.(1)a proje.te. coordinate.syste.(PCS)that is corre.tly de.ine.,(2)a PCS that is incorre.tly de.ine.,(3)a PCS that is unde.ine.,(4)a ge.graphic coordinate.syste.(GCS)that is corre.tly de.ine.,(5)a GCS that is incorre.tly de.ine.,(6)a GCS that is unde.ine.,and(7)a *** cre.te. automate. trouble.hooting tools to de.e.mine.a missing map proje.tion file.are.discusse..

关键词： GIS e.ucation map proje.tion e.ror map proje.tion file de.ine.proje.tion

Scale. of snow de.th variability in high e.e.ation range.and sage.rush

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Frontie.s of e.rth Scie.ce 2017年第3期11卷 469-481页

作者： Molly e. Te.e.CHe.steven R. FASSNACHT Paul J. Me.MAN Wate.she. Scie.ce Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability Colorado State University Fort Collins CO 80523-1476 USA Inte.ational Arctic Re.e.rch Ce.te. Water & Environmental Research Center Institute of Northern Engineering University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks AK 99775 USA Coope.ative.Institute.for Re.e.rch in the.Atmosphe.e Fort Collins CO 80523-1375 USA Natural Re.ource. e.ology Laboratory Fort Collins CO 80523-1499 USA Abt. Kartographie GIS & Femerkundung Geographisches Institut Georg-August-Universitat Gottingen 37077 Gottingen Germany Range.and e.osyste. Scie.ce Department of Forest and Rangeland Stewardship Colorado State University Fort Collins CO 80523 USA

In high e.e.ation se.i-arid range.ands, sage. brush and othe. shrubs can affe.t transport and de.osition of wind-blown snow, e.abling the.formation of snowdrifts. Datase.s from thre. fie.d e.pe.ime.ts we.e.use. to inve.tigate.the.scale. of spatial variability of snow de.th around big mountain sage.rush （Arte.isia tride.tata Nutt.） at a high e.e.ation plate.u range.and in North Park, Colorado, during the.winte.s of 2002, 2003, and 2008. Data we.e.colle.te. at multiple.re.olutions （0.05 to 25 m） and e.te.ts （2 to 1000 m）. Fine. scale.data we.e.colle.te. spe.ifically for this study to e.amine.the.corre.ation be.we.n snow de.th; sage.rush microtopogra- phy, the.ground surface. and the.snow surface. as we.l as the.te.poral consiste.cy of snow de.th patte.ns. Vario- grams we.e.use. to ide.tify the.spatial structure.and the.Moran＇s I statistic was use. to de.e.mine.the.spatial corre.ation. Re.ults show some.te.poral consiste.cy in snow de.th at se.e.al scale.. Plot scale.snow de.th variability is partly a function of the.nature.of individual shrubs, as the.e.is some.corre.ation be.we.n the.spatial structure.of snow de.th and sage.rush, as we.l as be.we.n the.ground and snow de.th. The.optimal sampling re.olution appe.rs to be.25-cm, but ove. a large.are., this would re.uire.a multitude.of sample., and thus a random stratifie. approach is re.omme.de. with a fine.me.sure.e.t re.olution of 5-cm.

关键词： snow hydrology high e.e.ation range.ands,spatial statistics variograms snow pack spatial variability,snow drifts

Nutrition and me.abolism in burn patie.ts

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Burns & Trauma 2017年第2期5卷 95-106页

作者： Audra Clark Jonathan Imran Tarik Madni steven e. Wolf Unive.sity of Te.as Southwe.te.n Me.ical Ce.te. 5323 Harry Hines Blvd.Dallas TX 75390 USA

Se.e.e.burn cause. significant me.abolic de.ange.e.ts that make.nutritional support unique.y important and challe.ging for burne. patie.ts. Burn injury cause. a pe.siste.t and prolonge. hype.me.abolic state.and incre.se. catabolism that re.ults in incre.se. muscle.wasting and cache.ia. Me.abolic rate. of burn patie.ts can surpass twice.normal, and failure.to fulfill the.e.e.e.gy re.uire.e.ts cause. impaire. wound he.ling, organ dysfunction,and susce.tibility to infe.tion. Ade.uate.asse.sme.t and provision of nutritional ne.ds is impe.ative.to care.for the.e.patie.ts. The.e.is no conse.sus re.arding the.optimal timing, route. amount, and composition of nutritional support for burn patie.ts, but most clinicians advocate.for e.rly e.te.al nutrition with highcarbohydrate.*** support must be.individualize., monitore., and adjuste. throughout re.ove.y. Furthe. inve.tigation is ne.de. re.arding optimal nutritional support and accurate.nutritional e.dpoints and goals.

关键词： Burn Nutrition Me.abolism Critical care

A Surve. of Unbalance. Flow Diagnostics and The.r Application

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Advance. in Atmosphe.ic Scie.ce. 2000年第2期17卷 165-183页

作者： Fuqing Zhang steven e. Koch Christophe. A. Davis and Michae. L. Kaplan De.artme.t of Marine Earth and Atmospheric Sciences North Carolina State University Raleigh NC

This pape. pre.e.ts an e.te.sive.surve. of the.most commonly use. tools for diagnosing unbalance. flow in the.atmosphe.e. name.y the.Lagrangian Rossby numbe., Psi ve.tor, dive.ge.ce.e.uation, nonline.r balance.e.uation, ge.e.alize. ome.a-e.uation, and de.arture.from fie.ds obtaine. by pote.tial vorticity (PV) inve.sion. The.basic thoe.y, assumptions as we.l as imple.e.tation and limitations for e.ch of the.tools are.all discusse.. The.e.tools are.applie. to high—re.olution me.oscale.mode. data to asse.s the.role.of unbalance. dynamics in the.ge.e.ation of a me.oscale.gravity wave.e.e.t ove. the.e.st Coast of the.Unite. State.. Comparison of the.e.tools in this case.study shows that the.e.various me.hods agre. to a large.e.te.t with e.ch othe. though the. diffe. in de.ails. Ke. words Unbalance. flow - Ge.strophic adjustme.t - Gravity wave. - Nonline.r balance.e.uation - Pote.tial vorticity inve.sion - Ome.a e.uations - Rossby numbe. This re.e.rch was conducte. unde. support from NSF grant ATM-9700626 of the.Unite. State.. The.nume.ical computations de.cribe. he.e.n we.e.pe.forme. on the.Cray T90 at the.North Carolina Supe.computing Ce.te. and the.Cray supe.compute. at the.NCAR Scie.tific Computing Division, which also provide. the.initialization fie.ds for the.MM5. Thanks are.e.te.de. to Mark Stoe.inga at Unive.sity of Washington for the.RIP post-proce.sing package.

关键词： Unbalance. flow Ge.strophic adjustme.t Gravity wave. Nonline.r balance.e.uation Pote.tial vorticity inve.sion Ome.a e.uations Rossby numbe.

He.dwate. re.ions- Physical, e.ological, and social approache. to unde.stand the.e.are.s： introduction to the. spe.ial issue

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Frontie.s of e.rth Scie.ce 2017年第3期11卷 443-446页

作者： steven R. FASSNACHT Ryan W. We.B William e. SANFORD e.S-Wate.she. Scie.ce Colorado State University Fort Collins CO 80523-1476 USA Ge.graphische. Institut Abt. Kartographie GIS & Femerkundung Georg-August-Universitat Gottingen 37077 Gottingen Germany Coope.ative.Institute.for Re.e.rch in the.Atmosphe.e Fort Collins CO 80523-1375 USA Ge.spatial Ce.troid Colorado State University Fort Collins CO 80523-1101 USA Natural Re.ource. e.ology Laboratory Fort Collins CO 80523-1499 USA Institute.of Arctic and Alpine.Re.e.rch University of Colorado Boulder Boulder CO 80309-0450 USA Ge.scie.ce. Colorado State University Fort Collins CO 80523-1482 USA

Around the.world human communitie. and natural e.osyste.s both re.y on he.dwate. re.ions for vital re.ource.. Re.ource. provide. include.groundwate. sto- rage.（Flint e. al., 2008; Clilve.d e. al., 2011; Cao e. al., 2012） in addition to soil moisture.and fore.t e.osyste. dynamics （McNamara e. al., 2005; Williams e. al., 2009; Je.cso and McGlynn, 2011; Smith e. al., 2011; Harpold e. al., 2015; We.b e. al., 2015）. Furthe.more.the.e.re.ions are.e.ologically vital zone. （Schlosse., 1995; Lowe.and Like.s, 2005） that impact downstre.m wate. quality （Pe.e.son e. al., 2001; Ale.ande. e. al., 2007）.

关键词： Social be.avior He.dwate.s

Circadian Rhythm of Calling Be.avior in the.e.e. Music Frog(Babina daunchina) is Associate. with Habitat Te.pe.ature.and Re.ative.Humidity

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Asian He.pe.ological Re.e.rch 2011年第3期2卷 149-154页

作者： Jianguo CUI Xiaoyan SONG Guangzhan FANG Fe. XU steven e. BRAUTH Ye.hong TANG Che.gdu Institute.of Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Institute.of Animal Scie.ce. De.artme.t of Psychology University of MarylandCollege Park

Ge.e.ally, the.function of vocalizations made.by male.anurans are.to attract fe.ale. or de.e.d re.ource.. Typically, male. vocalize.in choruse. during one.or more.pe.iods in a twe.ty-four-hour cycle. which varie., howe.e., among spe.ie.. Ne.e.the.e.s, the.causal factors influe.cing circadian variations of calling patte.ns in anuran spe.ie. are.not cle.r. In this study, male.chorus vocalizations we.e.monitore. in the.e.e. music frog(Babina daunchina) for 17 conse.utive.days during the.bre.ding se.son, while.its habitat air te.pe.ature.and re.ative.humidity in the.course.of e.pe.ime.ts we.e.me.sure. as we.l. The.re.ults re.e.le. that the.circadian calling patte.ns we.e.characte.ize. by two pe.iods of pe.k vocalization, which we.e.obse.ve. from 0500 h to 0700 h and from 1300 h to 2000 h, while.the.lowe.t activity pe.iod was found from 2100 h to 2200 h. Both calls/h and note./h we.e.positive.y corre.ate. with air te.pe.ature.and ne.ative.y with re.ative.humidity. Ove.all, our data indicate.that the.e.e. music frogs(B. daunchina) could re.ulate.the.r vocal activitie. base. on the.change. of physical micro-e.vironme.t(e. g., te.pe.ature.or humidity) to maximize.re.roductive.succe.s.

关键词： re.t-activity cycle adve.tise.e.t call te.pe.ature humidity e.e. music frog(Babina daunchina

He.lth-re.ate. quality of life.outcome. in Scandinavian patie.ts afte. radical prostate.tomy or watchful waiting： a critical appraisal

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2012年第1期14卷 136-137页

作者： Andre. A Chan steven e.Canfie.d Run Wang Division of Urology University of Texas Medical School at Houston Houston TX 77030 USA De.artme.t of Urology University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston TX 77030 USA

The.Scandinavian Prostate.Cance. Group- 4 re.e.tly re.orte. the.long-te.m survival be.e.it in me. who we.e.randomize. to radical prostate.tomy ve.sus me. watchful waiting for localize. prostate.cance..1 The.authors have.now pre.e.te. the.companion article.that update. the.long-te.m quality of life.e.aluation in the.e.me..2 Give. the.e.ce.le.t prognosis of patie.ts with e.rly stage.prostate.cance., the.impact of the.apy on patie.t＇s quality of life.is a significant factor in the.optimal manage.e.t of this dise.se.

关键词： He.lth-re.ate. quality of life Scandinavian patie.ts radical prostate.tomy watchful waiting