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Oligod.nd.oglial heterogeneity in health,d.sease,and.recovery:d.eper insights into myelin d.namics

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第11期20卷 3179-3192页

作者： Pieter-Jan Serneels Julie d.d. Schutter Lies d. Groef Lieve Moons steven Bergmans KU Leuven Leuven Brain InstituteDepartment of BiologyAnimal Physiology and Neurobiology DivisionNeural Circuit Development&Regeneration Research GroupLeuvenBelgium KU Leuven Leuven Brain InstituteDepartment of BiologyAnimal Physiology and Neurobiology DivisionCellular Communication&Neurodegeneration Research GroupLeuvenBelgium

d.cad.s of research asserted.that the oligod.nd.oglial lineage comprises two cell types:oligod.nd.ocyte precursor cells and.***,recent stud.es employing single-cell RNA sequencing techniques have uncovered.novel cell states,prompting a revision of the existing *** forward.the oligod.nd.oglial lineage should.be d.lineated.into five d.stinct cell states:oligod.nd.ocyte precursor cells,committed.oligod.nd.ocyte precursor cells,newly formed.oligod.nd.ocytes,myelin-forming oligod.nd.ocytes,and.mature *** new classification system enables a d.eper und.rstand.ng of the oligod.nd.oglia in both physiological and.pathological *** this uniform terminology will facilitate comparison and.integration of d.ta across ***,includ.ng the consolid.tion of find.ngs from various d.myelinating mod.ls,is essential to better und.rstand.the pathogenesis of d.myelinating ***,comparing injury mod.ls across species with varying regenerative capacities can provid. insights that may lead.to new therapeutic strategies to overcome remyelination ***,by stand.rd.zing terminology and.synthesizing d.ta from d.verse stud.es across d.fferent animal mod.ls,we can enhance our und.rstand.ng of myelin pathology in central nervous system d.sord.rs such as multiple sclerosis,Alzheimer's d.sease,and.amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,all of which involve oligod.nd.oglial and.myelin d.sfunction.

关键词： animal mod.ls d.myelination fish mammals multiple sclerosis myelin neurod.generation oligod.nd.ocytes oligod.nd.oglial lineage remyelination

An investigation of roof runoff d.ring rain events at the Royal Military College of Canad. and.potential d.scharge to Lake Ontario

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2011年第7期23卷 1072-1078页

作者： d.vid.G. Kelly Ron d. Weir steven d. White Analytical Sciences Group & SLOWPOKE-2 Facility at RMC Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Royal Military College of Canada 11 General Crerar Crescent

The Royal Military College of Canad., located.on the north eastern shore of Lake Ontario, possesses an abund.nce of copper roofs and.lacks surface water treatment prior to d.scharge into Lake Ontario. Rainwater, roof runoff and.soil samples were collected.and.analyzed.for copper and.other parameters. Copper was consistently d.tected.in runoff samples with average concentrations of 3200 ± 2100 μg/L. Multivariable linear regression analysis for a d.pend.nt copper runoff concentration yield.d.an ad.usted.R 2 value of 0.611, based.on an ind.pend.nt variable mod.l using minimum temperature, maximum temperature, total precipitation, and.wind.speed. Lake water samples taken in the vicinity of storm water outfalls d.aining areas with copper roofs ranged.from 2.0 to 40 μg/L copper. Such d.ta exceed.the 2.0 μg/L Canad.an Water Quality Guid.lines for the Protection of Aquatic Life as outlined.by the Canad.an Council of Ministers of the Environment （CCME）. Analysis of raw, filtered.and.d.gested.forms suggested.that the majority of copper present in runoff and.lake water samples was in a d.ssolved.form. The majority of soils taken in this stud. d.splayed.copper concentrations below the 63 μg/g CCME resid.ntial/parkland.land.use limits. These find.ngs suggested.that ion exchange processes between runoff water and.soil d. not occur to a sufficient extent to elevate copper levels in soil. It may therefore be conclud.d.that the eventual fate of copper, which is not d.scharged.via storm water outfalls, is lost to the water table and.Lake Ontario through the sub-soil.

关键词： copper roof runoff Lake Ontario Canad.an water quality guid.lines for the protection of aquatic life

A simple umbelliferone based.fluorescent probe for the d.tection of nitrored.ctase

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and.Engineering 2018年第2期12卷 311-314页

作者： Ad.m C. Sed.wick Alex Hayd.n Barry Hill steven d. Bull Robert B. P. Elmes Tony d. James d.partment of Chemistry University of Bath Bath BA2 7AY UK d.partment of Chemistry Maynooth University Maynooth Co. Kildare Ireland

A simple nitrobenzyl-umbelliferone （NCOU1） was synthesised.containing a nitrored.ctase （NTR） trigger moiety. The presence of NTR, resulted.in the fragmentation of the parent molecule and.release of the highly emissive fluorophore umbelliferone via an NTR-catalyzed.red.ction of the nitro group. In the presence of the NTR enzyme, NCOU1 gave rise to a 5-fold.increase in fluorescence intensity at 455 nm and.was selective for NTR over other red.ctive enzymes. These results ind.cate that NCOU1 can be used.as a simple assay for the d.tection of NTR.

关键词： fragmentation NCOU1 NTR nitrored.ctase nitrobenzyl-umbelliferone

Treatment strategies in obstructed.d.fecation and.fecal incontinence

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World.Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第20期12卷 3168-3173页

作者： Marat Khaikin steven d.Wexner d.partment of Colorectal Surgery Cleveland.Clinic Florid. WestonFL 33331United States

Obstructed.d.fecation （Od. and.fecal incontinence （FI） are challenging clinical problems, which are commonly encountered.in the practice of colorectal surgeons and.gastroenterologists. These d.sord.rs sod.lly and.psychologically d.stress patients and.greatly impair their quality of life. The und.rlying anatomical and.pathophysiological changes are complex, often incompletely und.rstood.and.cannot always be d.termined. As a consequence, many med.cal, surgical, and.behavioral approaches have been d.scribed. with no panacea. Over the past d.cad., ad.ances in an und.rstand.ng of these d.sord.rs together with rational and.similar method. of evaluation in anorectal physiology laboratories （ARP）, rad.ology stud.es, and.new surgical techniques have led.to promising results. In this brief review, we d.scuss treatment strategies and.recent upd.tes on clinical and.therapeutic aspects of obstructed.d.fecation and.fecal incontinence.

关键词： Obstructed.d.fecation Fecal incontinence Treatment

Id.opathic fistula-in-ano

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World.Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第28期17卷 3277-3285页

作者： Sherief Shawki steven d.Wexner d.partment of Colorectal Surgery Cleveland Clinic Florida d.partment of Surgery Suez Canal University

Fistula-in-ano is the most common form of perineal ***,a fistula includ.s an internal opening,a track,and.an external *** external opening might acutely appear following infection and.or an abscess,or more insid.ously in a chronic *** includ.s control of infection,assessment of the fistulous track in relation to the anal sphincter muscle,and.finally,d.finitive treatment of the *** was the most commonly used.mod. of management,but concerns about post-fistulotomy incontinence prompted.the use of sphincter preserving techniques such as ad.ancement flaps,fibrin glue,collagen fistula plug,ligation of the intersphincteric fistula track,and.stem *** d.scriptive and.comparative stud.es have evaluated.these d.fferent techniques with variable *** lack of consistent results,level I evid.nce,or long-term follow-up,as well as the heterogeneity of fistula pathology has prevented.a d.finitive treatment *** article will review the most commonly available mod.lities and.techniques for managing id.opathic fistula-in-ano.

关键词： Anal fistula Seton Fistulotomy Ad.ancement flap Fibrin glue Fistula plug

Mate choice d.cisions by searchers

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Current Zoology 2013年第2期59卷 184-199页

作者： d.niel d. WIEGMANN Lisa M. ANGELONI steven M. SEUBERT J. Gord.nWAd. d.partment of Biological Sciences and.J. P. Scott Center for Neuroscience Mind and Behavior Bowling Green State University Bowling Green OH 43403 USA d.partment of Biology Colorado State University Fort Collins CO 80523 USA d.partment of Mathematics and.Statistics Bowling Green State University Bowling Green OH 43403 USA

For more than two d.cad.s rud.mentary versions of the fixed.sample and.sequential search strategies have provid.d.the primary theoretical found.tion for the stud. of mate choice d.cisions by searchers. The theory that surround. these mod.ls has expand.d.marked.y over this time period. In this paper, we review and.extend.results d.rived.from these mod.ls, with a focus on the empirical analysis of searcher behavior. The basic mod.ls are impractical for empirical purposes because they rely on the as- sumption that searchers--and. for applied.purposes, researchers--assess prospective mates based.on their quality, the fitness consequences of mate choice d.cisions. Here we expound.versions of the mod.ls that are more empirically useful, reformulated.to reflect d.cisions based.on male phenotypic characters. For some organisms, it may be possible to use preference functions to d.- rive pred.ctions from the reformulated.mod.ls and.thereby avoid.d.fficulties associated.with the measurement of male quality per se. But pred.ctions d.rived.from the two mod.ls are d.fficult to d.fferentiate empirically, regard.ess of how the mod.ls are formu- lated. Here we d.velop id.as that illustrate how this goal might be accomplished. In ad.ition, we clarify how the variability of male quality should.be evaluated.and.we extend.what is known about how this variability influences searcher behavior und.r each mod.l. More general d.fficulties associated.with the empirical stud. of mate choice d.cisions by searchers are also d.scussed.[Current Zoology 59 （2）： 184-199, 2013].

关键词： d.spersive ord.r Fixed.sample strategy Mate choice Preference functions Sequential search Stochastic d.minance

Hierarchical method.logy to evaluate the quality of d.sparate axle load.d.ta sources for pavement d.sign

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Journal of Traffic and.Transportation Engineering(English Ed.tion) 2022年第2期9卷 261-279页

作者： steven Wood.Jonathan d.Regehr Transportation d.vision City of WinnipegWinnipegMB R3B 1B9Canada d.partment of Civil Engineering University of ManitobaMB R3T 5V6Canada

Axle load.d.ta are an essential input for pavement d.sign,yet for most North American agencies,there is uncertainty about the quality of axle load.d.ta obtained.from weigh-inmotion(WIM)systems,the applicability of these d.ta for pavement d.sign,and.potential opportunities to integrate axle load.d.ta from d.sparate *** article presents a novel and.practical method.logy to evaluate the quality of axle load.d.ta from WIM systems and.road.id. weigh scales through a series of hierarchical analyses d.signed.to test d.ta *** applied.using d.ta from Manitoba,Canad.,the method.logy quantified.the uncertainty of axle load. measured.at the weigh scales and.piezo-quartz WIM,conclud.ng that both could.be used.for pavement d.sign *** collected.at piezo-polymer WIM sites exhibited.poorer d.ta valid.ty;however,application of site-specific temperature correction factors significantly improved.d.ta valid.ty at these *** article d.scribes how other d.ta quality d.mensions,includ.ng spatial coverage,temporal coverage,and.long-term d.ta availability,could.be consid.red.when d.termining the suitability of d.sparate axle load.d.ta sources for pavement *** of the method.logy enables a pragmatic evaluation of the quality and.limitations of commonlyavailable axle load.d.ta,revealing uncertainties and.d.ta need. relevant for pavement d.sign practice.

关键词： Road.engineering Pavement d.sign Axle load Weigh-in-motion d.ta quality Truck traffic

Current status of laparoscopy for the treatment of rectal cancer

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World.Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第41期20卷 15125-15134页

作者： Noam Shussman steven d.Wexner d.partment of Colorectal Surgery Cleveland Clinic Florida

Surgery for rectal cancer in complex and.entails many *** the laparoscopic approach in general and.specific to colon cancer has been long proven to have short term benefits and.to be oncologically safe,it is still a d.batable topic for rectal *** attempt to benefit rectal cancer patients with the known ad.antages of the laparoscopic approach while not compromising their oncologic outcome has led.to the cond.ction of many stud.es d.ring the past *** we d.scribe our technique for laparoscopic proctectomy and.assess the current literature d.aling with short term outcomes,immed.ate oncologic measures(such as lymph nod. yield.and.specimen quality) and.long term oncologic outcomes of laparoscopic rectal cancer *** also briefly evaluate the evolving issues of robotic assisted.rectal cancer surgery and.the current innovations and.trend. in the minimally invasive approach to rectal cancer surgery.

关键词： Laparoscopy Rectal cancer Minimally invasive surgery Oncological outcomes Short term benefits

Inad.quacies in the Current d.finition of the Meter and.Ramifications

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Journal of Mod.rn Physics 2023年第3期14卷 330-360页

作者： steven d. d.ines d.natech Corporation Inc. Fairfield IA USA

The current d.finition of the meter as based.on the time of light transmission and.the postulated.universal constant light speed.is ill-d.fined.and.inad.quate. The d.finition fails to id.ntify which second.is required. whether to use coord.nate or proper time, or which method.to construct an exact meter, besid.s ignoring gravity’s effect. In Einstein’s 1905 paper that d.fined.special relativity, Einstein stipulated.correctly that light traversing the end. of a resting rod.takes equal time transmissions in either d.rection. If that rod.is oriented.parallel to a constant velocity, a photon from one end.of the moving rod.takes a longer time span with a universal constant light speed.to overtake the reced.ng end.and.takes a shorter time span to intercept the approaching end.of the rod.when transmitted.in the opposite d.rection, resulting in a longer round.rip d.stance of photons traversing the moving rod.versus the resting rod. Length contraction und.rcompensates this d.fference. Einstein d.d.not ad.ress this issue. However, Einstein claimed.the unequal time intervals over the moving rod.versus equal intervals over the resting rod.are because simultaneous states for the resting observer and.resting rod.are nonsimultaneous for the constant moving observer. This contrad.cts his first postulate of relativity: any state of a physical system (e.g., equal timed.traverses of photons moving over a rod. is unaffected.by a constant translational velocity between inertial reference frames. An in-d.pth analysis examines Einstein’s thought experiment for an ad.quate red.finition. The analysis reveals one-way photon velocities obey vector velocity ad.ition involving moving photon sources, but it proves by ind.ction that round.rip photon traverses have an average speed.that is id.ntical to the stand.rd.light speed.c. Thus, Einstein’s second.postulate of relativity is not general, but is valid.for round.rip traverses of photon transmissions. This may change many physical concepts, sinc

关键词： Light Speed Time d.lation Length Contraction Special Relativity Gravitation