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第二次世界大战后英国乡村景观研究的脉络走向及启示

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地理科学 2020年第4期40卷 590-598页

作者：范建红梁肇宏 steven b Emery 广东工业大学建筑与城市规划学院广东广州510090 伯明翰大学地理地球与环境科学学院英国伯明翰B152TT

英国是全球乡村景观建设和发展的典范。从地理学、生态学及规划学等综合的视角出发,首先从社会背景上分析二战后英国乡村景观的演变轨迹;其次从学术背景梳理英国乡村景观的研究历程,并从学科角度提炼不同阶段的研究重点及研究特征;最后... 详细信息

英国是全球乡村景观建设和发展的典范。从地理学、生态学及规划学等综合的视角出发,首先从社会背景上分析二战后英国乡村景观的演变轨迹;其次从学术背景梳理英国乡村景观的研究历程,并从学科角度提炼不同阶段的研究重点及研究特征;最后从研究趋势方面讨论学者们最新的研究议题。在梳理和总结英国乡村景观研究的基础上,提出对中国乡村景观研究的启示和借鉴。

关键词：乡村景观乡村地理学乡村振兴二战后英国

Single-cell RNA-seq reveals the immune escape and drug resistance mechanisms of mantle cell lymphoma

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Cancer biology & Medicine 2020年第3期17卷 726-739页

作者： Liang Wang steven Mo Xin Li Yingzhi He Jing Yang Department of Hematology Beijing Tongren HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100730China beijing Advanced Innovation Center for big Data-based Precision Medicine Beihang University and Capital Medical UniversityBeijing Tongren HospitalBeijing 100730China Nanning Life-Ontology biotechnology Co. Ltd.Nanning 530000China Department of Hematology Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510280China

Objective:Mantle cell lymphoma(MCL)is a rare subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma(NHL)with high heterogeneity and a high recurrence *** heterogenous cell populations contribute to relapse remains to be ***:We performed single cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)on approximately 4,000 bone marrow cells sampled from one patient with multidrug resistant *** identified 10 subpopulations comprising 4 malignant b cell subtypes,3 T cell subtypes,2 dendritic cell subtypes and 1 natural killer(NK)cell ***,we identified cell markers,including a series of genes associated with immune escape and drug *** addition,we explored the roles of these genes in the mechanism of immune escape and drug resistance,and we verified the expression imbalance and clinical prognostic potential by using GEO datasets including 211 MCL ***:The major immune escape mechanisms of MCL included anti-perforin activity,decreased immunogenicity and direct inhibition of apoptosis and cell killing,as mediated by type I and II b *** drug resistance mechanisms of different cell clusters included drug metabolism,DNA damage repair,apoptosis and survival *** III b cells closely communicate with other *** key genes involved in the resistance mechanisms showed dysregulated expression and may have significant clinical prognostic ***:This study investigated potential immune escape and drug resistance mechanisms in *** results may guide individualized treatment and promote the development of therapeutic drugs.

关键词： Cell heterogeneity immune escape mantle cell lymphoma multidrug resistance scRNA-seq

Random forest machine learning models for interpretable X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectrum-property relationships

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npj Computational Materials 2020年第1期6卷 743-753页

作者： steven b.Torrisi Matthew R.Carbone brian A.Rohr Joseph H.Montoya Yang Ha Junko Yano Santosh K.Suram Linda Hung Accelerated Materials Design and Discovery Toyota Research InstituteLos AltosCA 94022USA Department of Physics Harvard UniversityCambridgeMA 02138USA Department of Chemistry Columbia UniversityNew YorkNY 10027USA Advanced Light Source Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA 94720USA Molecular biophysics and Integrated bioimaging Division Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA 94720USA

X-ray absorption spectroscopy(XAS)produces a wealth of information about the local structure of materials,but interpretation of spectra often relies on easily accessible trends and prior assumptions about the ***,researchers have demonstrated that machine learning models can automate this process to predict the coordinating environments of absorbing atoms from their XAS ***,machine learning models are often difficult to interpret,making it challenging to determine when they are valid and whether they are consistent with physical *** this work,we present three main advances to the data-driven analysis of XAS spectra:we demonstrate the efficacy of random forests in solving two new property determination tasks(predicting bader charge and mean nearest neighbor distance),we address how choices in data representation affect model interpretability and accuracy,and we show that multiscale featurization can elucidate the regions and trends in spectra that encode various local properties.

关键词： property structure spectrum

Skeletal Muscle Fiber Type and Morphology in a Middle-Aged Elite Male Powerlifter Using Anabolic Steroids

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Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise 2021年第4期3卷 404-411页

作者： steven b.Machek Kent A.Lorenz Marialice Kern Andrew J.Galpin James R.bagley Muscle Physiology Laboratory Department of KinesiologyCollege of Health and Social SciencesSan Francisco State University1600 Holloway AvenueGym 101San FranciscoCA 94132USA Exercise and biochemical Nutrition Laboratory Department of HealthHuman Performanceand RecreationRobbins College of Health and Human SciencesBaylor UniversityWacoTXUSA biochemistry and Molecular Exercise Physiology Laboratory Center for Sport PerformanceCalifornia State UniversityFullertonUSA

Powerlifting regularly exposes athletes to extreme stimuli such as chronic heavy resistance training(HRT),and many powerlifters choose to augment their performance with anabolic-androgenic steroids(AAS).However,little is known about the myocellular adaptations that occur from long-term HRT and AAS use,especially into middle *** were presented with the unique opportunity to study muscle cells from an elite-level powerlifter(EPL;age 40 years)with≥30 years of HRT experience and≥15 years of AAS *** purpose of this case study was to identify myocellular characteristics[myosin heavy chain(MHC)fiber type,fiber size,and myonuclear content]in EPL,as well as compare these data to existing *** participant underwent a resting vastus lateralis muscle biopsy and single fibers were analyzed for MHC content via SDS-PAGE.A subset of fibers underwent MHC-specific imaging analysis via confocal microscopy to identify cell size(cross-sectional area,CSA)and myonuclear domain(MND)*** fiber type distribution was 9% I,12% I/IIa,79% IIa,and 0% other *** pure MHC IIa(fast-twitch)fiber content was amongst the highest reported in the *** analysis of MHC IIa fibers revealed a mean CSA of 4218±933μm^(2) and MND of 12,548±3181μm^(3).While the fast-twitch fiber CSA was comparable to values in previous literature,mean MND was smaller than has been reported in untrained men,implying greater capacity for growth and *** findings showcase the unique muscle cell structure of an elite powerlifter,extending the known physiological limits of human muscle size and strength.

关键词： Resistance training Myonuclear domain Myonuclei Myosin heavy chain Confocal microscopy Muscle biopsy

Effect of biochar fertilizers on amino acid variability of Secale cereale and Lupinus angustifolius

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biochar 2019年第2期1卷 187-201页

作者： Katja Wiedner Corinna Schimpf steven Polifka bruno Glaser Soil biogeochemistry Institute of Agronomy and Nutritional SciencesMartin Luther University Halle-WittenbergVon-Seckendorff-Platz 306120 Halle(Saale)Germany

Little is known on the effects of biochar on N uptake and amino acid variability in crops such as winter rye and narrow-leafed lupine despite the fact that amino acids are important indicators,for food quality and plant stress.N uptake of both crops showed contrasting results when treated with different biochar *** amino acid contents referred to total nitro-gen generally tend to decrease in rye grains in the presence of biochar;whereas lupine seeds were more or less unaffected by biochar combined with mineral fertilizer or *** lupine seeds,total amino acid contents significantly increased when biochar was mixed with digestate but decreased when mixed with fermented ***,one of the most limiting amino acids in cereals,reached the recommended value of 4 g kg^(−1) in rye grain for most biochar *** lupine seeds,lysine decreased when biochar had been applied but were still in the recommended range when used as animal ***,an indicator for plant stress,significantly decreased(−49%)in rye when 2 Mg biochar ha^(−1) was added in combination with mineral *** contrast,proline increased when biochar was added to organic(digestate and compost)fertilizers(up to 43%).Further biochar research should focus much more on food quality,which is a key challenge for global food production.

关键词： Food quality Protein Lupine Winter rye Yield

Accessing acute medical care to protect health: the utility of community treatment orders

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General Psychiatry 2022年第6期35卷 379-388页

作者： steven P Segal Leena badran Lachlan Rimes School of Social Welfare University of CalifomiaBerkeleyBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA Social Work The University of Melboume Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health SciencesMelboumeVictoriaAustalia Victoria Department of Health and Human Services(VDHHS) MelboumeVictoriaAustralia

background The conclusion that people with severe mental llness require involuntary care to protect their health(including threats due to physical-nonpsychiatric-illness)is challenged by findings indicating that they often lack access to general healthcare and the assertionthat theywould access suchcarevoluntarily if available and ***,Australia's single-payer healthcare system provides accessible medical treatment;therefore,it is an excellent context in which to test these *** study replicates aprevious investigation in considering whether,in Australia's easy-access singlepayer healthcare system,patients placed on community treatment orders,specifically involuntary community treatment,are more likelyto access acute medical care addressing potentially life-threatening physical illnesses than voluntary patients with and without severe mental *** Replicating methods used in 2000-2010,for the years 2010-2017,this study compared the acute medical care access of three new cohorts:7826 hospitalised patientswith severemental illnesswho received a post-hospitalisation,community treatment order;13896 patients with severe mental illness released from the hospital without a community treatment order and 12101outpatients who were never psychiatrically hospitalised(individuals with less morbidity risk who were not considered to have severe mental llness)during periods when they were under versus outside community mental health *** regression was used to determine the influence of community-based community mental health supervision and the type of community mental health supervision(community treatment order vs non-community treatment order)on the likelihood of receiving an initial diagnosis of a life-threatening physical illness *** Validating their shared elevated morbidity risk,43.7%and 46.7%,respectively,of each hospitalised cohort(community treatment order and non-community treatment order pati

关键词： diagnosis treatment illness

Exploring Light Rail Transit in Lusaka City to Curb Congestion

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Exploring Light Rail Transit in Lusaka City to Curb Congesti...

作者： MWANZA steven 东南大学

学位级别：硕士

卢萨卡的公共交通问题可以追溯到决定城市形成方式的殖民时代。这个问题一直存在的原因在于该国尚未退出旨在服务欧洲小型定居者社区的殖民地规划模式。后殖民运输的管理置若罔闻,也没有强调大众运输方式的重要性/好处。自独立以来,赞... 详细信息

卢萨卡的公共交通问题可以追溯到决定城市形成方式的殖民时代。这个问题一直存在的原因在于该国尚未退出旨在服务欧洲小型定居者社区的殖民地规划模式。后殖民运输的管理置若罔闻,也没有强调大众运输方式的重要性/好处。自独立以来,赞比亚经历了政治和经济上的变化,但交通运输体系并未发生重大转变。政治上的变化带来了道路运输的自由化,汽车数量的增加与道路基础设施的有限增长产生了矛盾。卢萨卡是非洲城市化程度最高的城市之一,有超过两百二十万人口。这种城市化给城市服务带来了压力,包括交通基础设施。本研究的重点是在卢萨卡这样拥挤的城市实施集体运输系统,特别是研究了轻轨系统LRT的适用性。传统的四步模型被用在GIS扩展软件“Transcad”中,用以确定未来城市中的旅行模式和交通需求。运输需求模型是在R中使用多元回归分析开发的。该研究清楚地表明,旅行集中在商务和工作中心,其中大多数(旅行)是以家庭为基础的(他们的起源地和/或目的地为家中)。这也清楚地表明,卢萨卡市在高峰时段的交通流量远大于大部分公路的通行能力,因为2030年预测的沿Kafue公路前往Kafue的最大交通流量为28774 PPHPD。而该交通量适用于每小时20000到40000人次的轻轨系统。拥堵对我国经济有负面影响,这些影响不仅可以通过直接扩大或增加道路基础设施来解决,而且可以通过将乘客转移到其他统计上更安全,更快和更环保的方式(如铁路运输)来解决。本研究的发现是,虽然LRT的投资成本巨大,但将它应用在卢萨卡市是一种合适且可行的交通方式,同时从长远来看,效益远远超过成本。这已经是通过成本效益分析得到证实的,该分析指出在30年的运营项目期间,产生了1.3的C/b比率。因此,本研究是对交通部门的贡献,同时也可能有助于当局实现可行和环保的绿色解决方案,从而为赞比亚的经济和城市的美丽增添价值。

关键词：轻轨LRT 公交客运卢萨卡市多元回归分析公共交通传统四步模型成本效益分析

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阶级视域下英国家庭的教育选择与偏好研究

外国教育研究 2021年第11期48卷 63-78页

作者：王玥琳 Andrew miles 河海大学公共管理学院江苏南京210098 曼彻斯特大学社会科学院英国曼彻斯特M139PL

英国家庭的教育选择被广泛认为与阶级背景相关联,教育再生产在一定程度上能够通过将学术等级转化为社会等级来实现。教育选择在个体人生的不同阶段表现出不同的选择偏好和选择特点,并且选择偏好和影响因素在个体中学、大学和代际决策过... 详细信息

英国家庭的教育选择被广泛认为与阶级背景相关联,教育再生产在一定程度上能够通过将学术等级转化为社会等级来实现。教育选择在个体人生的不同阶段表现出不同的选择偏好和选择特点,并且选择偏好和影响因素在个体中学、大学和代际决策过程中会发生改变。对英国工人阶级家庭而言,其初代决策受物质和文化要素影响,与家庭成员的工作和性别分工相适应;二代决策更加考虑地域和经济因素;三代决策倾向于选择私立教育,认为高等教育实现了工人阶级身份的上升流动。对英国中产阶级家庭而言,其初代决策和二代决策优先考虑学校的学术性、课程,而非地域、经济支持和未来的工作与薪资,三代决策仍然优先选择私立教育,倾向于获得延迟满足。

关键词：英国教育选择工人阶级中产阶级公立教育私立教育

Optimizing bus services with variable directional and temporal demand using genetic algorithm

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Journal of Central South University 2016年第7期23卷 1786-1798页

作者：瞿何舟 CHIEN steven I-Jy 刘晓波张培桐 bLADIKAS Athanassios School of Transportation and Logistics Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 610031China Sichuan Province Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Transportation Chengdu 610031China College of Automobile Chang'an UniversityXi'an 710064China John A.Reif Jr.Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering New Jersey Institute of TechnologyNewark 07102-1982USA Mechanical&Industrial Engineering New Jersey Institute of TechnologyNewark 07102-1982USA

As a major mode choice of commuters for daily travel, bus transit plays an important role in many urban and metropolitan areas. This work proposes a mathematical model to optimize bus service by minimizing total cost and considering a temporally and directionally variable demand. An integrated bus service, consisting of all-stop and stop-skipping services is proposed and optimized subject to directional frequency conservation, capacity and operable fleet size constraints. Since the research problem is a combinatorial optimization problem, a genetic algorithm is developed to search for the optimal result in a large solution space. The model was successfully implemented on a bus transit route in the City of Chengdu, China, and the optimal solution was proved to be better than the original operation in terms of total cost. The sensitivity of model parameters to some key attributes/variables is analyzed and discussed to explore further the potential of accruing additional benefits or avoiding some of the drawbacks of stop-skipping services.

关键词： bus transit cost travel time service patterns optimization genetic algorithm