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Iron Metabolism Abnormalities in Children with Homozygous Sickle Cell Disease in Brazzaville

Open Journal of Pediatrics 2023年第3期13卷 394-407页

作者： Lucie Charlotte Ollandzobo Ikobo Hardy Maryse Ibovi Gataud steve Vassili missambou mandilou Olivia Firmine Galiba Atipo-Tsiba Rolf Iwandza Jean Robert Mabiala Babela Faculty of Health Sciences Marien Ngouabi University Brazzaville Congo Department of Infant Pediatrics CHU of Brazzaville Brazzaville Congo Department of Clinical Haematology CHU Brazzaville Brazzaville Congo Antoinette-Sassou-Nguesso National Reference Centre for Sickle Cell Disease in Brazzaville Brazzaville Congo

Introduction: Sickle cell disease is the most common genetic disease in the world, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. It is a protean condition with multiple complications including disturbed iron metabolism. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of iron metabolism abnormalities in children with homozygous sickle cell disease, to describe the epidemiological, clinical and paraclinical characteristics of children with these abnormalities and to identify associated factors. Patients and Methods: This was a cross-sectional analytical study conducted over 9 months in the mother-child consultation unit of the Brazzaville University Hospital, the National Reference Centre for Sickle Cell Disease and the paediatric department of the Blanche Gomes mother-child hospital. It concerned children aged between 3 months and 15 years followed up for homozygous sickle cell disease. The study was based on a haemogram, iron metabolism test, LDH, transaminases and CRP. Results: The overall prevalence of iron metabolism abnomalities was 40.7%. Of the 145 children included, 35.9% had iron overload and 4.8% iron deficiency. Iron overload was associated with infections, undernutrition, iron supplementation and number of blood transfusions. Iron deficiency was not significantly associated with any factor but recurrent infections were relatively more frequent. Conclusion: Abnormalities of iron metabolism in sickle cell patients are relatively frequent, which justifies monitoring during follow-up for early detection and better management. .

关键词： Anomalies Metabolism Iron Child Homozygous Sickle Cell Disease Brazzaville

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Biological Markers of Undernutrition and Risk of Complications in Children Hospitalized at the Teaching Hospital of Brazzaville

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2022年第2期10卷 1-9页

作者： Christel Mikolélé-Bilombo Lucie Charlotte Atipo-Ibara Ollandzobo steve Vassili missambou mandilou Thibaut Ocko Gokaba Lethso Clausina Mikolélé-Bilomb Ahoui Josué Simo Louokdom Martial Landry Miguel Etienne Mokondjimobe Donatien Moukassa Jean Robert Mabiala-Babela Ange Antoine Abena Jean-Rosaire Ibara Faculty of Health Sciences Marien Ngouabi University Brazzaville Congo Department of Pediatrics Teaching Hospital of Brazzaville Brazzaville Congo Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Teaching Hospital of Brazzaville Brazzaville Congo Cameroon Mountain University Douala Cameroon Denis Sassou Nguesso University Brazzaville Congo

Introduction: Undernutrition is a condition frequently encountered in pediatrics. It leads to an increased morbidity and mortality regardless of the underlying condition or other risk factors such as age. In countries with limited resources such as ours, the diagnosis of undernutrition is often limited to the clinical presentation, and the contribution of biology is not often taken into account. Objectives: To establish the relationship between anthropometric parameters and biological markers in the diagnosis and classification of undernutrition and to assess the risk of infectious complications during undernutrition in children. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted in Brazzaville among undernourished children aged 1 - 59 months between October 2018 and April 2019. Clinical diagnosis was based on WHO growth charts. The CRP, orosomucoid, albumin and transthyretin were obtained using the Cobas c311 analyzer, which enabled the calculation of Prognostic Inflammatory and Nutritional Index (PINI). The comparison of the means of the biological markers used the Student’s t-test, the risk of infectious complications the chi-square. The correlation of the diagnostic value of Z-score weight/height and PINI was also investigated. The significance level was set at 0.05. Results: Of the 95 children enrolled 63 (66.3%) were clinically severely malnourished, including 26 acute (41.3%) and 37 chronic (58.7%). The PINI revealed severe undernutrition in 85 children (89.4%) including 50 acute (58.8%) and 35 chronic (41.2%). CRP and orosomucoid were statistically higher in severe acute undernutrition (p Conclusion: Anthropometric parameters have a front-line advantage for assessing and classifying undernutrition. However, biological markers of undernutrition with PINI should be systematized in the diagnosis and management of undernutrition.

关键词： Undernutrition Nutritional Marker Inflammatory Marker PINI Child Congo

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Jaundice in the Newborn at the Teaching Hospital of Brazzaville

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2019年第2期9卷 111-118页

作者： Gaston Ekouya Bowassa Giresse Tsouassa Wa Ngono Neli Yvette Ngakengni Engoba Moyen Koumou Onanga steve missambou mandilou Georges Moyen Faculty of Health Sciences Marien NGOUABI University of Brazzaville Brazzaville Congo Department of Neonatology University Hospital of Brazzaville Brazzaville Congo Department of Biochimy University Hospital of Brazzaville Brazzaville Congo

Introduction: Jaundice is a major symptom during neonatal time. It is defined by a bilirubin ≥ 50 mg/l. Objectives: To determine the frequency of neonatal jaundice at the Brazzaville University Hospital, to determine the main etiologies, to evaluate the management, to specify the evolution. Patients and Method: It was a prospective and descriptive study that was conducted in the Neonatology Department and Biochemistry Laboratory of the University Hospital of Brazzaville, from 1st August 2015 to 31st July 2016. It included newborn children admitted into the neonatal unit for treatment of jaundice. The variables studied were epidemiological, clinical, etiological therapy and outcome. Results: The frequency of the neonatal jaundice is 7.2%. The hyperbilirubinemia as not conjugated was found in 99.1% of cases. The main causes are bacterial neonatal infection n = 102 (47.9%), the physiological icterus n = 46 (21.6%) and the ABO incompatibility n = 40 (18.8%). The treatment consists of the phototherapy in all cases. Each phototherapy session lasts 3 hours n = 99 (56.9%), 6 hours n = 58 (33.3%) and 12 hours n = 17 (9.8%). The average duration of the administering of the therapy is of 3 ± 2 days. Hyperbilirubinemia encephalopathy occurred in 62 (29.1%) cases, including 49 cases of kernicterus. The death occurred in 70 (32.9%) children. Conclusion: The importance and the gravity of the neonatal jaundice require primary preventive means based on proper care in pregnancy and the birth. While the secondary prevention includes high index of suspicion, comprehensive diagnostic equipment availability to prevent acute bilirubin encephalopathy.

关键词： Jaundice Neonatal Phototherapy Bilirubin Encephalopathy

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Sexual Behaviour of Congolese Teenagers

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2021年第4期11卷 656-668页

作者： Lucie Charlotte Ollandzobo Ikobo steve Vassili missambou mandilou Messie Josias Matsielo Lynda Tchidjo Ngamo Evrard Romaric Nika Jean Robert Mabiala Babela Faculté des Sciences de la Santé Université Marien Ngouabi Brazzaville Congo Service de pédiatrie nourrisson CHU de Brazzaville Brazzaville Congo

Introduction: Sexual risk behaviour among adolescents is a public health problem worldwide. Widely studied in the Western countries, this problem has only been addressed partially in Brazzaville. Thus, 12 years later, we conducted this study with the aim of analysing the sexual behaviour of adolescents in Congo. Patients and Methods: This was a cross-sectional and analytical study from January to August 2019 (8 months). It involved 2000 adolescents residing in the departments of Brazzaville and Pointe-Noire constituting the urban population, and those of Cuvette and Bouenza, the rural population. Results: A total of 1167 adolescents reported being sexually active. The mean age at first sexual intercourse differed between the two sexes (p 0.0005). Of the adolescents surveyed 96.1% (n = 1122) claimed to have ever heard of HIV/AIDS infection and 8.7% (n = 101) to have ever contracted sexually transmitted infections. The main channel of information was school in 57.7%. Condoms were the only means of protection (85.5%). The factors associated with risky sexual behaviour were, on the one hand, those related to the adolescent (lack of schooling, orphan status, alcohol and tobacco consumption, paid employment and possession of a mobile phone). On the other hand, those related to parents (low level of education, mother’s employment status and single-parent household structure). The frequency of sexually active adolescents was similar in both settings (p < 0.05). The rates of adolescents having ever heard of HIV/AIDS were almost similar with a slight predomin

关键词： Adolescent Risky Sexual Behaviour Congo

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Severe Hypoglycemia in Hospitalized Children with Diabetic Ketoacidosis in Brazzaville

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2020年第1期10卷 236-245页

作者： Aymar Pierre Gildas Oko Judicael Kambourou Engoba Moyen Laetitia Lombet Neli Yvette Ngakengni steve Vassili missambou mandilou Aurore Mbika Cardorelle Georges Marius Moyen Faculty of Health Sciences Marien Ngouabi University of Brazzaville Brazzaville Congo

Background: Severe hypoglycemia is a lifethreatening iatrogenic complication in the management of diabetic ketoacidosis, however, few studies have described how often this complication occurs. Objective: To identify the risk factors for severe hypoglycemia in children treated for diabetic ketoacidosis and to describe the sociodemographic, clinical characteristics and outcome of these children. Methods: From January 2013 to December 2017, 69 children admitted to pediatric intensive care unit with a diagnosis of diabetic ketoacidosis were enrolled in a retrospective and prospective study. Data of children with and without severe hypoglycemia were compared. Data were analyzed using Epi Info 7.***.5.0. Results: Out of 69 children enrolled, 10 (14.5%) had severe hypoglycemia (girls: 60%, median age 144 months (interquartile range, 108?-?168 months)). Episodes of severe hypoglycemia occurred during the first 48 hours of hospitalization in 8 (80%) children and during the late night shift in 6 (60%) children. Causes of severe hypoglycemia were: excessive insulin dose (60%), inappropriate infusion solution (70%), failure to properly monitor blood glucose levels (40%). Severe hypoglycemia risk factors were: age p?= 0.00004;OR = 42.0 [95% CI: 6.3?-?279]) and severe malnutrition (p?= 0.002;OR?=?10.9 [95% CI: 2.4 -?48.6]). Of 8 (11.6%) children died, 4 had severe hypoglycemia (p?= 0.01;OR = 8.8 [95% CI, 1.7 -?44.8]). Conclusion: The importance and severity of severe hypoglycemia require preventive measures to control risk factors.

关键词： Severe Hypoglycemia Diabetic Ketoacidosis Risk Factors Brazzaville

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Proteinuria in Children Living with HIV on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (Haart)

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2020年第2期10卷 255-262页

作者： Lucie Charlotte Ollandzobo Ikobo Roland Bienvenu Ossibi Ibara Neli Yvette Ngakengni Laren Babomi Gaston Ekouya Bowassa Linda Tchidjo Ngamo steve Vassili missambou mandilou Sabrina Nadia Bouithy Evrard Romaric Nika Jean Robert Mabiala Babela Faculty of Health Sciences Marien Ngouabi University of Brazzaville Brazzaville Republic of Congo Pediatric Services Brazzaville University Hospital Brazzaville Republic of Congo Infectious Diseases Service Brazzaville University Hospital Brazzaville Republic of Congo Department of Neonatology Brazzaville University Hospital Brazzaville Republic of Congo Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology Talangai Hospital Brazzaville Republic of Congo

Objective: To determine the prevalence of proteinuria in children living with HIV (CLHIV) and identify associated factors. Patients and methods: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study carried out from April to August 2017 in the HIV care centres in Brazzaville and Pointe-Noire. The study included CLHIV with dipstick urinalysis test “Combur10 Test® M”. Results: Thirty seven CLHIV on HAART presented a proteinuria, 21.8%. Children were male gender in 21 cases (56.8%) and female gender in 16 cases (43.2%). Mean age was 10.9 ± 3.9 years. The children were infected with type 1 virus in 35 cases (94.6%), vertical transmission in all the cases (100%). Children were living with HIV for about 2 to 4 years of average n = 18 (48.6%) and they were WHO clinical stage 2 in 18 cases (48.6%). 13 children (35%) had CD4 level 3. All CLHIV (100%) were on HAART thus 20 (37.7%) on the combination of zidovudine (AZT), lamivudine (3TC) and nevirapine (NVP). This combination AZT, 3TC, NVP was a protective factor regarding the occurrence of proteinuria (OR: 0.43;IC (95%). Conclusion: Proteinuria

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Nickel-catalyzed enantioselective reductive amination of benzylic ketones in alcohols

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第8期67卷 2566-2570页

作者： Xiuhua Wang Jianrong steve Zhou State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics School of Chemical Biology and BiotechnologyPeking University Shenzhen Graduate SchoolShenzhen 518055China

Asymmetric reductive amination directly converts ketones and amines to alkylamines, which are important motifs in *** report that cationic nickel complexes of chiral diphosphines promote enantioselective reductive amination of benzylic ketones with both arylamines and benzhydrazide. Isopropanol was used as a safe and cheap source of hydrogen instead of formic acid. The reaction can be readily applied to a concise synthesis of diarylethylamines, a class of neuroactive substances.

关键词： transfer hydrogenation nickel catalysis chiral alkylamine reductive amination synthetic method

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Late Diagnosis of HIV Infection in Children: Prevalence and Outcome

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2017年第4期7卷 331-344页

作者： Aymar Pierre Gildas Oko Antoinette Géraldine Olandzobo Gaston Ekouya-Bowassa Mamadou Ildevert Cyriaque Ndjobo Lucie Ollandzobo Nelly Pandzou-Guembo Letitia Lombet Jeysse Pierre Yoleine Poathy steve Vassili missambou-mandilou Aurore Mbika-Cardorelle Georges Marius Moyen Department of Pediatrics Teaching Hospital Center (THC) of Brazzaville Brazzaville Congo Faculty of Health Sciences Marien Ngouabi University of Brazzaville Brazzaville Congo Hospital Center of Loandjili Pointe-Noire Congo

Background: Late diagnosis of HIV infection is an important cause of death in children. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of late diagnosed HIV infection in children, describe the socio-demographic characteristics and to analyze outcome of these children. Methods: From January 2015 to October 2016, we carried out a prospective analytical study in the pediatric departments of University Teaching Hospital of the Brazzaville. Late diagnosed HIV children were selected for this work. Data analysis was performed in univariate and multivariate with Epi Info 7.2.1. Results: Of the 6058 hospitalized children, 103 (1.7%) were selected, 57.3% were boys;the median age was 21.9 months (IQR, 17.8 - 76.7 months). Children of low socio-economic status accounted for 68.0%, those motherless: 43.7%. None of the children were tested for HIV before hospitalization. Mothers had a low education level in 60.2% of cases and were unaware of prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT): 60.3%. Children mostly showed signs of stages 4 (49.5%), and 3 (31.1%) of HIV infection, immunodeficiency was severe for 68.0% of children. Children discharged from the hospital accounted for 62.1% of which 15.53% against medical advice. The case fatality rate was 37.9%. The risk factors for death in univariate analysis were: age < 12 months (OR = 8.66), maternal death (OR = 17.93), severe malnutrition (OR = 66.07), clinical stages 4 (OR = 66.07) and severe immunodeficiency (OR = 17.37). The main pathologies responsible for death were respiratory infections (38.5%) and diarrheal diseases (30.8%). Conclusion: Improvement of PMTCT program effectiveness, universal access to early detection and antiretroviral therapy for infants are needed to reduce the number of late diagnosed HIV-children and therefore HIV-related morbidity and mortality.

关键词： Late Diagnosis HIV Infection Prevalence Mortality Child Brazzaville

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Mshpy23:a user-friendly,parameterized model of magnetosheath conditions

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 89-104页

作者： Jaewoong Jung Hyunju Connor Andrew Dimmock steve Sembay Andrew Read Jan Soucek NASA Goddard Space Flight Center GreenbeltMDUSA Department of Astronomy University of MarylandCollege ParkMDUSA Swedish Institude of Space Physics UppsalaSweden University of Leicester LeicesterUK Institute of Atmospheric Physics Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic

Lunar Environment heliospheric X-ray Imager(LEXI)and Solar wind−Magnetosphere−Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE)will observe magnetosheath and its boundary motion in soft X-rays for understanding magnetopause reconnection modes under various solar wind conditions after their respective launches in 2024 and *** conditions,namely,plasma density,velocity,and temperature,are key parameters for predicting and analyzing soft X-ray images from the LEXI and SMILE *** developed a userfriendly model of magnetosheath that parameterizes number density,velocity,temperature,and magnetic field by utilizing the global Magnetohydrodynamics(MHD)model as well as the pre-existing gas-dynamic and analytic *** this parameterized magnetosheath model,scientists can easily reconstruct expected soft X-ray images and utilize them for analysis of observed images of LEXI and SMILE without simulating the complicated global magnetosphere ***,we created an MHD-based magnetosheath model by running a total of 14 OpenGGCM global MHD simulations under 7 solar wind densities(1,5,10,15,20,25,and 30 cm)and 2 interplanetary magnetic field Bz components(±4 nT),and then parameterizing the results in new magnetosheath *** compared the magnetosheath model result with THEMIS statistical data and it showed good agreement with a weighted Pearson correlation coefficient greater than 0.77,especially for plasma density and plasma ***,we compiled a suite of magnetosheath models incorporating previous magnetosheath models(gas-dynamic,analytic),and did two case studies to test the *** MHD-based model was comparable to or better than the previous models while providing self-consistency among the magnetosheath ***,we constructed a tool to calculate a soft X-ray image from any given vantage point,which can support the planning and data analysis of the aforementioned LEXI and SMILE missions.A release of the code has been uploaded to a Git

关键词： magnetosheath python modeling

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How Can Practitioners Support Citizen Volunteers in Disaster Risk Reduction? Insight from “Good and Ready” in Aotearoa New Zealand

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2024年第3期15卷 374-387页

作者： Lo?c Le Dé steve Ronoh Ei Mon Thinn Kyu Brigitte Rive School of Public Health and Interdisciplinary Studies Auckland University of Technology Pacific Health Research Centre Auckland University of Technology New Zealand Red Cross

Global and national policy frameworks emphasize the importance of people's participation and volunteers' role in disaster risk reduction. While research has extensively focused on volunteers in disaster response and recovery, less attention has been paid on how organizations involved in disaster risk management can support volunteers in leading and coordinating communitybased disaster risk reduction. In 2019, the New Zealand Red Cross piloted the Good and Ready initiative in Auckland,Aotearoa New Zealand, with the objective to empower local people in resilience building with a focus on volunteers and community participation. This research examined the positive and negative outcomes of Good and Ready and investigated volunteers' experiences in the disaster resilience initiative. It involved the codesign of a questionnaire-based survey using participatory methods with Good and Ready volunteers, the dissemination of the survey to gather volunteers' viewpoints, and a focus group discussion with participatory activities with Red Cross volunteers. The findings highlight that a key challenge lies in finding a balance between a program that provides flexibility to address contextual issues and fosters communities' ownership, versus a prescriptive and standardized approach that leaves little room for creativity and self-initiative. It pinpoints that supporting volunteers with technical training is critical but that soft skills training such as coordinating, communicating,or facilitating activities at the local level are needed. It concludes that the sustainability of Good and Ready requires understanding and meeting volunteers' motivations and expectations and that enhancing partnerships with local emergency management agencies would strengthen the program.

关键词： Community-based approach Disaster risk reduction New Zealand Participation Volunteers

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