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Moose at their bioclimatic edge alter their behavior based on weather, landscape, and predators

Current Zoology 2018年第4期64卷 419-432页

作者： Mark.A. DITMER Ron A. MOEN steve k. windels James D. FORESTER Thomas E, NESS Tara R. HARRIS Conservation Department Minnesota Zoo 13000 Zoo Boulevard Apple Valley MN 55124 USA Department of Fisheries Wildlife and Conservation Biology University of Minnesota 2003 Upper Buford Circle Ste 135 St Paul MN 55108 USA Natural Resources Research Institute and Department of Biology University of Minnesota Duluth 5013 Miller Trunk Highway Duluth MN 55811 USA Voyageurs National Park 360 Hwy 11 E International Falls MN 56649 USA

Populations inhabiting the bioclimatic edges of a species＇ geographic range face an increasing amount of stress from alterations to their environment associated with climate change. Moose Alces alces are large-bodied ungulates that are sensitive to heat stress and have exhibited population declines and range contractions along their southern geographic extent. Using a hidden Mark.v model to analyze movement and accelerometer data, we assigned behaviors （rest, forage, or travel） to all locations of global positioning system-collared moose （n = 13, moose-years = 19） living near the southern edge of the species＇ range in and around Voyageurs National Park. MN, USA. We assessed how moose behavior changed relative to weather, landscape, and the presence of predators. Moose sig- nificantly reduced travel and increased resting behaviors at ambient temperatures as low as 15~C and 24~C during the spring and summer, respectively. In general, moose behavior changed season- ally in association with distance to lak.s and ponds. Moose used wetlands for travel throughout the year, rested in conifer forests, and foraged in shrublands. The influence of wolves Canis lupus varied among individual moose and season, but the largest influence was a reduction in travel during spring when near a wolf home range core, primarily by pregnant females. Our analysis goes beyond habitat selection to capture how moose alter their activities based on their environment. Our findings, along with climate change forecasts, suggest that moose in this area will be required to further alter their activity patterns and space use in order to find sufficient forage and avoid heat stress.

关键词： Alces alces climate change heat stress moose temperature wolves

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基于核密度估计的动物生境适宜度制图方法

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生态学报 2013年第23期33卷 7590-7600页

作者：张桂铭朱阿兴杨胜天秦承志肖文 steve k.windels 北京师范大学地理学与遥感科学学院北京100875 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所资源与环境信息系统国家重点实验室北京100101 美国威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校地理系麦迪逊wi53706 大理学院东喜玛拉雅资源与环境研究所大理671003 美国Voyageurs国家公园国际瀑布城mn56649

生境适宜度制图能提供动物适宜生境的空间分布信息,对野生动物种群管理、保护地规划等非常重要。生境适宜度制图的关键是构建生境适宜度模型(habitat suitability model,HSM),只基于动物出现位置数据构建HSM的方法在实践中得到了非常广... 详细信息

生境适宜度制图能提供动物适宜生境的空间分布信息,对野生动物种群管理、保护地规划等非常重要。生境适宜度制图的关键是构建生境适宜度模型(habitat suitability model,HSM),只基于动物出现位置数据构建HSM的方法在实践中得到了非常广泛的应用。然而现有的只基于动物出现位置数据构建HSM的方法还不能很好地直接表达动物生境适宜度和环境因子之间具有生态学意义的数量关系,因此也就不能很好地体现环境因子对动物生境利用的生态学作用。提出了一种基于核密度估计构建HSM的方法,在地理信息系统技术支持下,通过运用核密度估计从代表性的动物出现位置数据中估计出动物出现对各个环境因子的概率密度函数来直接表达生境适宜度与各个环境因子之间的数量关系,以体现环境因子对动物生境利用的生态学作用,在此基础上对生境适宜度与各个环境因子之间的数量关系进行综合构建了具有明确生态学意义的HSM用于动物生境适宜度制图。以美国Voyageures国家公园的白尾鹿(Odocoileus virginianus)生境适宜度制图为例,基于365个出现位置点位数据并结合积雪深度、地表覆被类型、森林边界长度和坡度等环境因子数据,开展了该方法的案例研究。通过交叉验证计算连续Boyce指数对制图结果进行评价,结果表明:基于核密度估计方法构建的HSM预测能力强,所得出的生境适宜度图经10次交叉验证,连续Boyce指数平均值为0.75,标准差为0.11,达到了较高精度。此外,由于基于核密度估计的方法能以"生境适宜度和环境因子之间具有生态学意义的数量关系"的形式来直接体现环境因子对动物生境利用的生态学作用,就模型的可解释性而言,该方法要优于现有的其他构建HSM的方法。

关键词：核密度估计生境适宜度制图地理信息系统白尾鹿连续Boyce指数

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Loon Nest Viability Model: A Performance Indicator for Improving Water-Level Regulation of Large Water Bodies

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Natural Resources 2018年第1期9卷 1-16页

作者： Marianne Bachand Julien Hénault Richard Sylvain Martin steve k. windels Jean Morin Meteorological Service of Canada Environment and Climate Change Canada Québec Canada Département de biologie & Centre d’études nordiques Université Laval Québec Canada Voyageurs National Park International Falls USA

Rule curves dictating target water levels for management have been implemented in several water bodies in North America over the last 70 years or more. Anthropogenic alterations of water levels are k.own to affect several components of wetland ecosystems. Evaluating the influence of rule curves on biological components with simple performance indicators could help harmonize water level management with wetland integrity. We assessed the potential of using the probability of common loon nest viability as a performance indicator of long-term impacts of rule curves on nesting wetland birds. We analyzed the outcome of rule curves on the probability of loon nest viability in Rainy Lak. and Namak.n Reservoir, 2 regulated water bodies located along the Ontario-Minnesota border. The analysis was focused on 4 hydrological time series between 1950 and 2013: 2 sets of time series simulating rule curves used to manage the water bodies in the past decades (referred to as the 1970RC and 2000RC), one of the historical measured water levels, and one of computed natural water levels. The probability of loon nest viability under the 1970RC was 2× higher than under natural conditions in both water bodies. The probability was also 2× higher under the 2000RC than under the 1970RC in the Namak.n Reservoir but not in Rainy Lak.. The rule curves generally improved conditions for nesting loons in both water bodies. The presented performance indicator can be used to evaluate future rule curves before they are implemented in the Rainy-Namak.n or other similar systems.

关键词： Gavia immer Namak.n Reservoir Nest Viability Performance Indicator Rainy Lak. Rule Curves Water Level

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Mshpy23:a user-friendly,parameterized model of magnetosheath conditions

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 89-104页

作者： Jaewoong Jung Hyunju Connor Andrew Dimmock.steve Sembay Andrew Read Jan Soucek NASA Goddard Space Flight Center GreenbeltMDUSA Department of Astronomy University of MarylandCollege ParkMDUSA Swedish Institude of Space Physics UppsalaSweden University of Leicester LeicesterUK Institute of Atmospheric Physics Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic

Lunar Environment heliospheric X-ray Imager(LEXI)and Solar wind−Magnetosphere−Ionosphere Link.Explorer(SMILE)will observe magnetosheath and its boundary motion in soft X-rays for understanding magnetopause reconnection modes under various solar wind conditions after their respective launches in 2024 and *** conditions,namely,plasma density,velocity,and temperature,are k.y parameters for predicting and analyzing soft X-ray images from the LEXI and SMILE *** developed a userfriendly model of magnetosheath that parameterizes number density,velocity,temperature,and magnetic field by utilizing the global Magnetohydrodynamics(MHD)model as well as the pre-existing gas-dynamic and analytic *** this parameterized magnetosheath model,scientists can easily reconstruct expected soft X-ray images and utilize them for analysis of observed images of LEXI and SMILE without simulating the complicated global magnetosphere ***,we created an MHD-based magnetosheath model by running a total of 14 OpenGGCM global MHD simulations under 7 solar wind densities(1,5,10,15,20,25,and 30 cm)and 2 interplanetary magnetic field Bz components(±4 nT),and then parameterizing the results in new magnetosheath *** compared the magnetosheath model result with THEMIS statistical data and it showed good agreement with a weighted Pearson correlation coefficient greater than 0.77,especially for plasma density and plasma ***,we compiled a suite of magnetosheath models incorporating previous magnetosheath models(gas-dynamic,analytic),and did two case studies to test the *** MHD-based model was comparable to or better than the previous models while providing self-consistency among the magnetosheath ***,we constructed a tool to calculate a soft X-ray image from any given vantage point,which can support the planning and data analysis of the aforementioned LEXI and SMILE missions.A release of the code has been uploaded to a Git

关键词： magnetosheath python modeling

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Diagnostic tools in male infertility--the question of sperm dysfunction

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2011年第1期13卷 53-58页

作者： Christopher LR Barratt steven Mansell Catherine Beaton steve Tardif Senga k.Oxenham Reproductive and Developmental Biology Maternal and Child Health Science Laboratories Centre for Oncology and Molecular Medicine Ninewells Hospital University of Dundee Dundee DD1 9SY Scotland UK Assisted Conception Unit NHS Tavside Ninewelts Hospital. Dundee. DD1 9SY. Scotland. UK

Sperm dysfunction is the single most common cause of infertility, yet what is remark.ble is that, there is no drug a man can tak. or add to his spermatozoa in vitroto improve fertility. One reason for the lack.of progress in this area is that our understanding of the cellular and molecular work.ngs of the mature spermatazoon is limited. However, over the last few years there has been considerable progress in our k.owledge base and in addressing new methods to diagnose sperm dysfunction. We review the current state of the field and provide insights for further development. We conclude that：（i） there is little to be gained from more studies identifying/categorizing various populations of men using a basic semen assessment, where an effort is required in mak.ng sure the analysis is performed in an appropriate high quality way; （ii） technological development is lik.ly to bring the reality of sperm function testing closer to implementation into the clinical pathways. In doing this, these assays must be robust, cheap （or more appropriately termed cost effective）, easy to use and clinically useful; and （iii） clinical necessity, e.g., the need to identify the highest quality spermatozoon for injection is driving basic research forward. This is an exciting time to be an andrologist and, lik.ly, a fruitful one.

关键词： gamete biomark.r male fertility sperm biomark.r sperm dysfunction

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Investigation of the anisotropic confinement-dependent brittleness of a Utah coal

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International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 2021年第2期8卷 274-290页

作者： Bo-Hyun k.m Gabriel Walton Mark.k.arson steve Berry CDC/NIOSH 315 E.Montgomery Ave.SpokaneWAUSA Department of Geology and Geological Engineering Colorado School of MinesGoldenCOUSA Department of Geological Engineering Montana TechButteMTUSA

Changes of failure mechanism with increasing confinement,from extensional to shear-dominated failure,are widely observed in the rupture of intact specimens at the laboratory scale and in rock.*** an analysis published in 2018,both unconfined and triaxial compressive tests were conducted to investigate the strength characteristics of 84 specimens of a Utah coal,including the spalling limits,the ratio of apparent unconfined compressive strength to unconfined compressive strength(UCS),the damage characteristics,and the post-yield *** mechanical characteristics were found to be strongly anisotropic as a function of the orientation of the cleats relative to the loading direction,defined as the included angle.A total of four different included angles were used in the work.performed in *** authors found that the degree of anisotropic strength differed according to the included ***,the transition from extensional to shear failure at the given confinements was not clearly *** this study,a total of 20 specimens were additionally prepared from the same coal sample used in the previous study and then tested under both unconfined and triaxial compressive *** the authors already k.ew the most contrasting cases of the included angles from the previous work.using the four included angles,they chose only two of the included angles(0°and 30°)for this *** the triaxial compressive tests,a greater confining stress than the mean UCS was applied to the specimens in an attempt to identify the brittle-ductile transition of the *** new results have been compiled with the previous results in order to re-evaluate the confinement-dependency of the coal ***,the different confining stresses are used as analogs for different width-to-height(W/H)conditions of pillar *** the W/H ratios of the specimens were not directly considered during testing,the equivalent W/H ratios of a pillar as a function of

关键词： Utah coal Spalling limit AUCS/UCS ratio Damage characteristic Post-yield dilatancy Anisotropic

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Exome sequencing identifies a lik.ly causative variant in 53%of families with ciliopathy-related features on renal ultrasound after excluding NPHP1 deletions

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第5期11卷 40-43页

作者： k.nstantin Deutsch Verena k.ambt Thomas M.k.tzler Tilman Jobst-Schwan Ronen Schneider Florian Buerger steve Seltzsam Sherif El Desok. Jameela A.k.ri Fark.anda Hafeez Maria Szczepansk. Loai A.Eid Hazem S.Awad Muna Al-Saffar Neveen A.Soliman Velibor Tasic Camille Nicolas-Frank.k.rollos Yousef Luca M.Schierbaum Sophia Schneider Abdul Halawi Izzeldin Elmubarak.k.tharina Lemberg Shirlee Shril Shrik.nt M.Mane Nancy Rodig Friedhelm Hildebrandt Division of Nephrology Department of PediatricsBoston Children’s HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02215USA Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology Nephrology and Metabolic DiseasesCharite Universitatsmedizin BerlinBerlin 13353Germany Berlin Institute of Health at Charitee Universitatsmedizin Berlin BIH Biomedical Innovation AcademyBIH Charite Clinician Scientist ProgramBerlin 10178Germany Department of Nephrology and Hypertension FriedrichAlexander-Universitat Erlangen-NurnbergErlangen 91054Germany Department of Pediatrics Faculty of Medicine King Abdulaziz UniversityPediatric Nephrology Center of ExcellenceKing Abdulaziz University HospitalJeddah 21589Saudi Arabia Department of Pediatric Nephrology The Children’s Hospital and Institute of Child HealthLahore 54000Pakistan Department of Pediatrics Faculty of Medical Sciences in ZabrzeMedical University of Silesia in KatowiceKatowice 40-752Poland Dubai Hospital and Al-Jalila Children’s Specialty Hospital Kidney Center of ExcellenceDubai 4545United Arab Emirates Department of Genetics and Genomics UAE UniversityAbu Dhabi 15551United Arab Emirates Department of Pediatrics Division of Genetics and GenomicsBoston Children’s HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02215USA Department of Pediatrics Center of Pediatric Nephrology and TransplantationKasr Al Ainy School of MedicineCairo UniversityCairo 11562Egypt Egypt Center for Research and Regenerative Medicine(ECRRM) Cairo 11511Egypt Medical Faculty Sk.pje University Children’s HospitalSkopje 1000North Macedonia Department of Genetics Yale University School of MedicineNew HavenCT 06520USA

Nephronophthisis-related ciliopathies(NPHP-RC)represent one of the most common causes of chronic k.dney disease in the first three decades of life and are characterized by a broad genetic and clinical heterogeneity.1 To date,more than 90 genes have been identified that cause autosomalrecessive NPHP-RC if mutated,accounting for up to 60%of cases.1 Among these,homozygous deletions of NPHP1 are the most common *** genes localize to primary cilia,basal bodies,or the centrosome and lead to a primary ciliary disruption if mutated,thereby causing a broad phenotypical spectrum.1 Patients that suffer from NPHP-RC can either have an isolated renal phenotype,such as polyuria,polydipsia,decreased urinary concentration ability,and secondary enuresis due to loss of tubular function,or present with extrarenal symptoms including retinal degeneration,cerebellar vermis hypoplasia,or hepatic *** are often diagnosed in early adolescence,reaching end-stage renal disease before 25 years of age,but early onset and rapidly progressive forms of NPHP-RC also exist.1 Renal ultrasound indicates k.dneys of normal or reduced renal length with increased echogenicity and corticomedullary cysts.

关键词： degeneration urinary lik.ly

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An Investigation Into Indigenous Entrepreneurial Ownership： The Case of Francistown, Botswana

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Management Studies 2014年第4期2卷 203-215页

作者： Sumburani Sigauk. steve D. k. Muyambo Rodreck.Chirau Botho University Francistown Botswana

The economic development of a country and welfare of its citizenry essentially largely depend on the effective participation of its indigenous entrepreneurs. However, a casual observation of a cluster of businesses in most malls of Botswana＇s cities seems to suggest foreign dominated business ownership which the researchers proved to be correct in some areas. This does not augur well for rapid growth and development of the country＇s economy and hence the wellbeing of its citizens. Accordingly, the researchers carried out a comprehensive research on the level of indigenous entrepreneurial participation and business ownership in Botswana focusing on the second largest city, Francistown＇s retail business, and tried to establish the reasons for lack.of effective indigenous entrepreneurship in the economy since the attainment of independence from colonial Britain some 46 years ago in 1966. The research paper proposes the way forward in enhancing government efforts in promoting the indigenization process aiming at poverty eradication. The research methodology used consists of observations and questionnaires. The paper merged the empirical research information with the literature.

关键词： indigenization entrepreneurship economic development poverty eradication

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2007 Microsoft Office System Step by Step

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2007年

作者： Online Training Solutions Inc. Curtis D. Frye Joan Preppernau Joyce k. Cox steve Lambert

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Fourier coefficients of restrictions of eigenfunctions

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Science China Mathematics 2023年第8期66卷 1849-1878页

作者： Emmett L.Wyman Yak.n Xi steve Zelditch Department of Mathematics University of RochesterRochesterNY 14627USA School of Mathematical Sciences Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China Department of Mathematics Northwestern UniversityEvanstonIL 60208USA

Let{e_(j)}be an orthonormal basis of Laplace eigenfunctions of a compact Riemannian manifold(M,g).Let H■M be a submanifold and{ψ_(k.}be an orthonormal basis of Laplace eigenfunctions of H with the induced *** obtain joint asymptotics for the Fourier coefficientsk.>L^(2)(H)=∫He_(j),ψ_(k.dV_(H)of restrictionsγHe_(j)of e_(j)to *** particular,we obtain asymptotics for the sums of the norm-squares of the Fourier coefficients over the joint spectrum{(μ_(k.,λ_(j))}^(∞)_(j,k.0)of the(square roots of the)Laplacian△_(M)on M and the Laplacian△_(H)on H in a family of suitably‘thick.regions in R^(2).Thick.regions include(1)the truncated coneμ_(k./λ_(j)∈[a,b]■(0,1)andλ_(j)≤λ,and(2)the slowly thick.ning strip|μ_(k.-cλ_(j)|≤w(λ)andλ_(j)≤λ,where w(λ)is monotonic and 1■w(λ)≤λ^(1/2).k.y tools for obtaining the asymptotics include the composition calculus of Fourier integral operators and a new multidimensional Tauberian theorem.

关键词： eigenfunctions period integrals k.znecov formula

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