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Productivity Gap and Inward FDI Spillovers: Theory and Evidence from China

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China & World Economy 2021年第2期29卷 24-48页

作者： Jim Huangnan Shen Hao Wang steve Chu-Chia Lin School of Management Fudan UniversityChina Center for International Development Harvard Kennedy SchoolUS School of Economics and Trade Guangdong University of Foreign StudiesChina School of Slavonic and East European Studies University College LondonUK Department of Economics National Chengchi UniversityTaiwanChina

This paper constructs a two-stage sequential game model to shed light on the spillover effect of inward FDI on the efficiency of domestic firms in host *** model shows that,given an optimal joint-venture policy made by foreign firms,the impact of the spillover effect of inward FDI is contingent upon the productivity gap between the domestic firms and foreign *** particular,we demonstrate that the spillover effect of inward FDI varies negatively with the productivity gap between domestic lowproductivity firms and foreign firms but works in the opposite way for high-productivity *** suggests that once the productivity gap widens,the entry of foreign firms will increase the efficiency of high-productivity firms but reduce the efficiency of lowproductivity *** support of our theoretical model,we provide robust empirical results by using the dataset of annual survey of Chinese industrial enterprises.

关键词： efficiency improvement inward FDI productivity gap spillover effect

New Opportunities for Lanthanide Luminescence

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Journal of Rare Earths 2007年第3期25卷 257-274页

作者： Jean-Claude G. Bünzli steve Comby Anne-Sophie Chauvin Caroline D. B. Vandevyver Laboratory of Lanthanide Supramolecular Chemistry Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne BCH 1402 CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland

Trivalent lanthanide ions display fascinating optical properties. The discovery of the corresponding elements and their first industrial uses were intimately linked to their optical properties. This relationship has been kept alive until today when many high-technology applications of lanthanide-containing materials such as energy-saving lighting devices, displays, optical fibers and amplifiers, lasers, responsive luminescent stains for biomedical analyses and in cellulo sensing and imaging, heavily rely on the brilliant and pure-color emission of lanthanide ions. In this review we first outlined the basics of lanthanide luminescence with emphasis on f-f transitions, the sensitization mechanisms, and the assessment of the luminescence efficiency of lanthanide-containing emissive molecular edifices. Emphasis was then put on two fast developing aspects of lanthanide luminescence： materials for telecommunications and light emitting diodes, and biomedical imaging and sensing. Recent advances in NIR-emitting materials for plastic amplifiers and waveguides were described, together with the main solutions brought by researchers to minimize non-radiative deactivation of excited states. The demonstration in 1999 that erbium tris（8-hydroxyquinolinate） displayed a bright green emission suitable for organic light emitting diodes （OLEDs） was followed by realizing that in OLEDs, 25% of the excitation energy leads to singlet states and 75% to triplet states. Since lanthanide ions are good triplet quenchers, they now also play a key role in the development of these lighting devices. Luminescence analyses of biological molecules are among the most sensitive analytical techniques known. The long lifetime of the lanthanide excited states allows time-resolved spectroscopy to be used, suppressing the sample autofluorescence and reaching very low detection limits. Not only visible lanthanide sensors are now ubiquitously provided in medical diagnosis and in cell imaging, but the feasibili

关键词： lanthanide luminescence sensitization near infrared telecommunications organic light emitting diode (OLED) time-resolved luminescence in cellulo sensing cell imaging rare earths

Genetic Interactions Reveal that Speci c Defects of Chloroplast Translation are Associated with the Suppression of var2-Mediated Leaf Variegation

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2013年第10期55卷 979-993页

作者： Xiayan Liu Mengdi Zheng Rui Wang Ruijuan Wang Lijun An steve R.Rodermel Fei Yu State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences Northwest A&F University Department of Genetics Development and Cell Biology Iowa State University

Arabidopsis thaliana L. yellow variegated （var2） mutant is defective in a chloroplast FtsH family metalloprotease, AtFtsH2/VAR2, and displays an intriguing green and white leaf variegation. This unique var2-mediated leaf variegation offers a simple yet powerful tool for dissecting the genetic regulation of chloroplast development. Here, we report the isolation and characterization of a new var2 suppressor gene, SUPPRESSOR OF VARIEGA TION8 （SVR8）, which encodes a putative chloroplast ribosomal large subunit protein, L24. Mutations in SVR8 suppress var2 leaf variegation at ambient temperature and partially suppress the cold-induced chlorosis phenotype of var2. Loss of SVR8 causes unique chloroplast rRNA processing defects, particularly the 23S-4.5S dicistronic precursor. The recovery of the major abnormal processing site in svr823S-4.5S precursor indicate that it does not lie in the same position where SVR8/L24 binds on the ribosome. Surprisingly, we found that the loss of a chloroplast ribosomal small subunit protein, $21, results in aberrant chloroplast rRNA processing but not suppression of var2 variegation. These findings suggest that the disruption of specific aspects of chloroplast translation, rather than a general impairment in chloroplast translation, suppress var2variegation and the existence of complex genetic interactions in chloroplast development.

关键词： Chloroplast ribosomal protein L24 chloroplast rRNA processing genetic suppressor leaf variegation var2.

基于像元和对象分类的城区植被高分辨率遥感制图比较研究

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应用基础与工程科学学报 2011年第3期19卷 441-448页

作者：谭衢霖 steve Johansen 北京交通大学土木建筑工程学院北京100044 西安大略大学地理系加拿大安大略

本研究利用高空间分辨率遥感影像和LiDAR数据,参照美国USGS植被分类体系,在两种不同分类层次上,评价了基于像元和基于对象分类两种方法的城区植被覆盖专题制图效果.采用传统的基于像元监督最大似然分类时,在下层分类层次,分类总精度仅为... 详细信息

本研究利用高空间分辨率遥感影像和LiDAR数据,参照美国USGS植被分类体系,在两种不同分类层次上,评价了基于像元和基于对象分类两种方法的城区植被覆盖专题制图效果.采用传统的基于像元监督最大似然分类时,在下层分类层次,分类总精度仅为70.5%,Kappa系数为63.5%.当在上层分类层次进行分类时,分类精度相对下层分类层次有明显提高,总精度达84%,Kappa系数为75.8%.而采用面向对象的分类方法时,在下层分类层次,分类总精度为86%,Kappa系数为82.3%.在上层分类层次,总精度达90.8%,Kappa系数为86.2%.研究结果表明,在城区两种不同植被分类层次,面向对象分类结果都取得了优于基于像元的分类结果.

关键词：高分辨率影像城区植被分类制图

Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is essential for dendritic cell activation and chemotactic responsiveness to chemokines

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Cell Research 2005年第3期15卷 167-175页

作者： Shih Ling HWANG,Nancy Pei-Yee CHUNG,Jacqueline Kwai-Yi CHAN,Chen-Lung steve LIN Department of Surgery Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan China Department of Surgery The University of Hong Kong Medical Centre Queen Mary Hospital Pokfulam Road Hong KongSAR China Department of Surgery The University of Hong Kong Medical Centre Queen Mary Hospital Pokfulam Road Hong KongSAR China Department of Surgery The University of Hong Kong Medical Centre Queen Mary Hospital Pokfulam Road Hong KongSAR China

Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO) is a rate-limiting enzyme for the tryptophan catabolism. In human and murine cells, IDO inhibits antigen-specific T cell proliferation in vitro and suppresses T cell responses to fetal alloantigens during murine pregnancy. In mice, IDO expression is an inducible feature of specific subsets of dendritic cells (DCs), and is important for T cell regulatory properties. However, the effect of IDO and tryptophan deprivation on DC func- tions remains unknown. We report here that when tryptophan utilization was prevented by a pharmacological inhibitor of IDO, 1-methyl tryptophan (1MT), DC activation induced by pathogenic stimulus lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or inflam- matory cytokine TNF-α was inhibited both phenotypically and functionally. Such an effect was less remarkable when DC was stimulated by a physiological stimulus, CD40 ligand. Tryptophan deprivation during DC activation also regu- lated the expression of CCR5 and CXCR4, as well as DC responsiveness to chemokines. These results suggest that tryptophan usage in the microenvironment is essential for DC maturation, and may also play a role in the regulation of DC migratory behaviors.

关键词： Indoleamine 2 3-dioxygenase (IDO) dendritic cells activation T cell tryptophan chemokine.

Shift current bulk photovoltaic effect in polar materials—hybrid and oxide perovskites and beyond

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npj Computational Materials 2016年第1期2卷 58-69页

作者： Liang Z Tan Fan Zheng steve M Young Fenggong Wang Shi Liu Andrew M Rappe The Makineni Theoretical Laboratories Department of ChemistryUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA Center for Computational Materials Science United States Naval Research LaboratoryWashingtonDCUSA Geophysical Laboratory Carnegie Institution of ScienceWashingtonDCUSA

The bulk photovoltaic effect(BPVE)refers to the generation of a steady photocurrent and above-bandgap photovoltage in a single-phase homogeneous material lacking inversion *** mechanism of BPVE is decidedly different from the typical p-n junction-based photovoltaic mechanism in heterogeneous ***,there has been renewed interest in ferroelectric materials for solar energy conversion,inspired by the discovery of above-bandgap photovoltages in ferroelectrics,the invention of low bandgap ferroelectric materials and the rapidly improving power conversion efficiency of metal halide ***,as long as the nature of the BPVE and its dependence on composition and structure remain poorly understood,materials engineering and the realisation of its true potential will be *** this review article,we survey the history,development and recent progress in understanding the mechanisms of BPVE,with a focus on the shift current mechanism,an intrinsic BPVE that is universal to all materials lacking inversion *** addition to explaining the theory of shift current,materials design opportunities and challenges will be discussed for future applications of the BPVE.

关键词： mechanism effect ferroelectric

Pilot Study on the Intercalibration of a Categorisation System for FAIRer Digital Objects Related to Sensitive Data in the Life Sciences

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Data Intelligence 2022年第2期4卷 196-211页

作者： Christian Ohmann Romain David Mónica Cano Abadia Florence Bietrix Jan-Willem Boiten steve Canham Maria Luisa Chiusano Walter Dastrù Arnaud Laroquette Dario Longo Michaela Theresia Mayrhofer Maria Panagiotopoulou Audrey Richard Pablo Emilio Verde European Clinical Research Infrastructure Network (ECRIN) 2. European Research Infrastructure on Highly Pathogenic Agents (ERINHA AISBL) 3. Biobanking and Biomolecular Resources Research Infrastructure (BBMRI) 4. European Infrastructure for Translational Medicine (EATRIS) 5. European Advanced Translational Research Infrastructure (EATRIS)/Lygature European Marine Biological Resource Centre (EMBRC)—Department of Agricultural Sciences University Federico II of Naples via Università Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences Molecular Imaging Center University of Torino European Marine Biological Resource Centre (EMBRC) 9. European Research Infrastructure for Biological and Biomedical Imaging (Euro-Bio Imaging) Coordination Centre for Clinical Trials Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf Ringgold standard institution

Sharing sensitive data is a specific challenge for research infrastructures in the field of life sciences. For that reason a toolbox has been developed, providing resources for researchers who wish to share and use sensitive data, to support the workflows for handling these kinds of digital objects. Common and community approved annotations are required to be compliant with FAIR principles(Findability, Accessibility,Interoperability, Reusability). The toolbox makes use of a tagging(categorisation) system, allowing consistent labelling and categorisation of digital objects, in terms relevant to data sharing tasks and activities. A pilot study was performed within the Horizon 2020 project EOSC-Life, in which 2 experts from 6 life sciences research infrastructures were recruited to independently assign tags to the same set of 10 to 25 resources related to sensitive data management and data sharing(in total 110). Summary statistics of agreement and observer variation per research infrastructure are provided. The pilot study has shown that experts were able to attribute tags but in most cases with a considerable observer variation between experts. In the context of CWFR(Canonical Workflow Frameworks for Research), this indicates the necessity for careful definition,evaluation and validation of parameters and processes related to workflow descriptions. The results from this pilot study were used to tackle this issue by revising the categorisation system and providing an updated version.

关键词： Categorisation system CWFR EOSC-Life FAIR Life sciences Sensitive data Tagging Toolbox

页岩油气富集的主控因素及误辩:以美国、阿根廷和中国典型页岩为例

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地球科学（中国地质大学学报） 2017年第7期42卷 1083-1091页

作者：蒋恕唐相路 steve Osborne Thomas Anderson 犹他大学能源与地球科学学院美国盐湖城84108 中国地质大学资源学院湖北武汉430074 中国石油大学非常规天然气研究院北京102249 中国石油大学非常规油气与新能源研究院山东青岛266580

页岩气富集不均匀,无论对于不同页岩油气藏还是同一页岩油气藏不同地方,产量都是有高有低.有必要系统分析和对比全球不同页岩油气的地质、石油系统与油气富集的关系,总结页岩油气富集的主控因素,从而采取合理的勘探和开发技术.以美国、... 详细信息

页岩气富集不均匀,无论对于不同页岩油气藏还是同一页岩油气藏不同地方,产量都是有高有低.有必要系统分析和对比全球不同页岩油气的地质、石油系统与油气富集的关系,总结页岩油气富集的主控因素,从而采取合理的勘探和开发技术.以美国、阿根廷和中国典型页岩为例,基于野外和岩心观察、样品属性测试分析、储层表征、石油系统分析及油气测试,探究了页岩油气富集的主控因素及存在的认识误区.结果表明,富含有机质和脆性矿物的页岩主要分布于远离造山带物源的非深水的沉积和构造背景,富含石英和高伽马页岩并非判断优质储层的矿物和岩石物理标准,优质碳酸盐页岩应以富含碳酸盐和低伽马值为标准."页岩油气藏"实际是细粒富含有机质的自生自储或与富含有机质烃源岩相邻的贫有机质细粒沉积储层.天然裂缝对页岩油气富集具有有利和不利的双重作用.因此,页岩油气富集同时受到沉积和构造环境、岩相及矿物组成、天然裂缝的耦合影响,且对不同沉积盆地、不同属性页岩的影响差异明显.

关键词：页岩油气富集沉积背景构造岩相矿物组成天然裂缝石油地质

The ET mission to search for earth 2.0s

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The Innovation 2022年第4期3卷 24-25页

作者： Jian Ge Hui Zhang Hongping Deng steve BHowell the ET team Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200030China NASA Ames Research Center Moffett FieldCA 94035USA

“Are we alone in the universe?”This fundamental question is as old as humankind *** the dawn of civilization,humanity has wonderedwhether there is life elsewhere in the universe and,if so,whether it is hosted on a second *** discovery of the first extrasolar planet(also called an exoplanet),51 Pegasi b,around a sun-like star in 19951 dramatically changed our understanding of the extrasolar planet worlds and challenged the uniqueness of our solar *** and Queloz were awarded the Nobel Prize in physics in 2019 for thismajor achievement.

关键词： uniqueness earth planet