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The effect of acute aerobic exercise on central arterial stiffness,wave reflections,and hemodynamics in adults with diabetes:A randomized cross-over design

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2021年第4期10卷 499-506页

作者： Kimberley L.Way Angela S.Lee stephen m.twigg Nathan A.Johnson Faculty of medicine and Health Discipline of Exercise and Sports ScienceUniversity of SydneyLidcombeNSW 2141Australia Charles Perkins Centre University of SydneyCamperdownNSW 2006Australia Boden Collaboration for Obesity NutritionExercise and Eating DisordersUniversity of SydneyCamperdownNSW 2006Australia Faculty of medicine and Health Central Clinical SchoolUniversity of SydneyCamperdownNSW 2006Australia Department of Endocrinology Diabetes CentreRoyal Prince Alfred HospitalSydneyNSW 2050Australia

Background:Individuals with diabetes have greater central arterial stiffness,wave reflections,and hemodynamics,all of which promote the accelerated cardiovascular pathology seen in this *** aerobic exercise has been shown to be an effective strategy for reducing central arterial stiffness,wave reflections,and hemodynamics in healthy individuals;however,the effects of acute aerobic exercise in reducing these outcomes is not well established in people with ***,implementation of high-intensity interval exercise(HIIE)has shown superior improvements in cardiovascular health outcomes when compared to traditional aerobic ***,the effect of HIIE on the aforementioned outcomes in people with diabetes is not *** purpose of this study was to(i)describe the central arterial stiffness,wave reflections,and hemodynamic responses to a bout of HIIE and moderate-intensity continuous exercise(mICE)in adults with diabetes;and(ii)compare the effects of HIIE and mICE on the aforementioned ***:A total of 24 adult men and women(aged 29-59 years old)with type 1(n=12)and type 2(n=12)diabetes participated in a randomized cross-over *** participants completed the following protocols:(i)HIIE:cycling for 4×4 min at 85%-95%of heart rate peak(HR_(peak)),interspersed with 3 min of active recovery at 60%-70%HR_(peak);(ii)mICE:33 min of continuous cycling at 60%-70%HR_(peak);and(iii)control(CON):lying quietly in a supine position for 30 ***:A significant group￡time effect was found for changes in central systolic blood pressure(F=3.20,p=0.01)with a transient reduction for the HIIE group but not for the mICE or CON *** was a significant group￡time effect for changes in augmentation index at a heart rate of 75 beats/min(F=2.32,p=0.04)with a decrease following for HIIE and mICE but not for *** all other measures of central arterial stiffness and hemodynamics,no significant changes were observed(p>0.05).Conclusion:A bout of

关键词： Augmentation index Central systolic blood pressure Diabetes High-intensity interval exercise

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managing arterial health in adults with metabolic diseases: Is high-intensity interval exercise the answer? Response to the commentary by Lopes et al.

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2021年第4期10卷 510-512页

作者： Kimberley L.Way Angelo Sabag Angela S.Lee stephen m.twigg Nathan A.Johnson School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences Faculty of HealthDeakin UniversityBurwoodVIC 3125Australia Exercise Physiology and Cardiovascular Health Lab University of Ottawa Heart InstituteOttawaON K1Y 4W7Canada NICm Health Research Institute Western Sydney UniversityWestmeadNSW 2145Australia Central Clinical School Faculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of SydneyCamperdownNSW 2050Australia Department of Endocrinology Diabetes CentreRoyal Prince Alfred HospitalSydneyNSW 2050Australia Discipline of Exercise and Sports Science Faculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of SydneyLidcombeNSW 2141Australia Boden Collaboration for Obesity NutritionExercise and Eating DisordersUniversity of SydneyCamperdownNSW 2006Australia

Dear editor,We thank Lopes et al.^(1) for their interest in our study and for writing an insightful commentary based on our findings,which were recently published in the Journal of Sport and Health Science,^(2) and for their work.^(3) As noted by the authors,there is consistency in several key findings between our laboratories,and this should serve as a basis for future investigation in this *** agree that there has been little work examining the effect of high-intensity interval exercise(HIIE)on central arterial stiffness.

关键词： al. finding thank

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Rapid growth in a large Cambrian apex predator

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National Science Review 2024年第3期11卷 128-136页

作者：吴雨 stephen Pates Daniel Pauly 张兴亮傅东静 State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Early Life and Environment Department of Geology Northwest University Department of Zoology University of Cambridge Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries University of British Columbia Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology Chinese Academy of Sciences

Despite the importance of ontogenetic data on early diverging euarthropods to our understanding of the ecology and evolution of past life, the data are distinctly lacking, as reconstructing life histories of fossil animals is often challenging. Here we report the growth trajectory of frontal appendages of the apex predator Amplectobelua symbrachiata, one of the most common radiodont arthropods from the early Cambrian Chengjiang biota(c. 520 ma) of China. Analysis of 432 specimens(9.1–137.1 mm length; 1.3–25.6 mm height) reveals that appendages grew isometrically, with an estimated maximum size of the whole animal of c. 90 cm. Individuals grew rapidly compared to extant arthropods, as assessed using the electronic length-frequency analysis(ELEFAN) approach. Therefore, we show that the Cambrian apex predator A. symbrachiata was an extremely fast-growing arthropod, with an unusual life history strategy that formed as part of the escalatory ‘arms race’ that shaped the Cambrian explosion over 500 ma.

关键词： stem-group Euarthropoda Radiodonta post-embryonic development growth dynamics Cambrian Explosion

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Twisted microdomains in liquid crystals for polarization-insensitive phase modulation

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第1期13卷 2-3页

作者： Yifei ma Zimo Zhao stephen m.morris Chao He Department of Engineering Science University of OxfordOxfordOX13PJUK

Polarization-independent phase modulators based upon liquid crystals(LCs)with a simple device architecture have long been desired for a range of optical ***,researchers have demonstrated a novel fabrication procedure using cholesteric LCs as a primer for achieving low polarization dependence coupled with a large phase modulation depth.

关键词： polarization phase liquid

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Comparison of methods for deriving phenotypes from incomplete observation data with an application to age at puberty in dairy cattle

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第2期15卷 535-545页

作者： melissa A.stephen Chris R.Burke Jennie E.Pryce Nicole m.Steele Peter R.Amer Susanne meier Claire V.C.Phyn Dorian J.Garrick DairyNZ Ltd 605 Ruakura RoadHamilton 3240New Zealand AL Rae Centre for Genetics and Breeding-massey University RuakuraHamilton 3214New Zealand Agriculture Victoria Research AgriBioCentre for AgriBioscienceBundooraVictoria 3083Australia School of Applied Systems Biology La Trobe UniversityBundooraVictoria 3083Australia AbacusBio DunedinNew Zealand

Background many phenotypes in animal breeding are derived from incomplete measures,especially if they are challenging or expensive to measure *** include time-dependent traits such as reproductive status,or *** measures for these traits result in phenotypes that are subject to left-,interval-and rightcensoring,where phenotypes are only known to fall below an upper bound,between a lower and upper bound,or above a lower bound *** we compare three methods for deriving phenotypes from incomplete data using age at first elevation(>1 ng/mL)in blood plasma progesterone(AGEP4),which generally coincides with onset of puberty,as an example *** We produced AGEP4 phenotypes from three blood samples collected at about 30-day intervals from approximately 5,000 Holstein–Friesian or Holstein–Friesian×Jersey cross-bred dairy heifers managed in 54 seasonal-calving,pasture-based herds in New *** used these actual data to simulate 7 different visit scenarios,increasing the extent of censoring by disregarding data from one or two of the three *** methods for deriving phenotypes from these data were explored:1)ordinal categorical variables which were analysed using categorical threshold analysis;2)continuous variables,with a penalty of 31 d assigned to right-censored phenotypes;and 3)continuous variables,sampled from within a lower and upper bound using a data augmentation *** Credibility intervals for heritability estimations overlapped across all methods and visit scenarios,but estimated heritabilities tended to be higher when left censoring was *** sires with at least 5 daughters,the correlations between estimated breeding values(EBVs)from our three-visit scenario and each reduced data scenario varied by method,ranging from 0.65 to *** estimated breed effects also varied by method,but breed differences were smaller as phenotype censoring *** Our results indicate that using

关键词： Cattle Gibbs sampler markov-chain monte Carlo(mCmC) Puberty

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SARS-CoV-2 triggers Dickkopf-1(Dkk-1)modulation of T helper cells and lung pathology in mice

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第4期11卷 9-12页

作者： Yifan Wu Freedom m.Green stephen A.Shaw Lauren J.Bonilla Shannon E.Ronca maria Elena Bottazzi Farrah Kheradmand Jill E.Weatherhead Department of Pathology&Immunology One Baylor PlazaHoustonTX 77030USA Department of Pediatrics One Baylor PlazaHoustonTX 77030USA Department of medicine One Baylor PlazaHoustonTX 77030USA National School of Tropical medicine One Baylor PlazaHoustonTX 77030USA molecular Virology&microbiology One Baylor PlazaHoustonTX77030USA Biologyof Inflammation Center Baylor College of MedicineOne BaylorPlazaHoustonTX77030USA michael E.DeBakey VA Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases HoustonTX 77030USA

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARSCov-2)is the etiologic agent of the coronavirus disease 19(COVID-19)*** viral infections like SARS-CoV-2,a robust anti-viral type 1 immune response,including upregulation of type 1 CD4+T helper cells(Th1),is required for effective viral clearance while minimizing end-organ pathology and collateral tissue damage.

关键词： pathology acute respiratory

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Associations of accelerometry-measured and self-reported physical activity and sedentary behavior with skeletal muscle energetics:The Study of muscle,mobility and Aging(SOmmA)

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第5期13卷 621-630页

作者： Yujia(Susanna)Qiao Terri L.Blackwell Peggy m.Cawthon Paul m.Coen Steven R.Cummings Giovanna Distefano Samaneh Farsijani Daniel E.Forman Bret H.Goodpaster stephen B.Kritchevsky Theresa mau Frederico G.S.Toledo Anne B.Newman Nancy W.Glynn Department of Epidemiology School of Public HealthUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPA 15261USA San Francisco Coordinating Center California Pacific Medical Center Research InstituteSan FranciscoCA 94143USA Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics University of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCA 94143USA Translational Research Institute AdventHealthOrlandoFL 32804USA Department of medicine(Geriatrics and Cardiology) University of Pittsburghand GeriatricsResearchEducationand Clinical Center(GRECC)VA Pittsburgh Healthcare SystemPittsburghPA 15261USA Department of Internal medicine Section on Gerontology and Geriatric MedicineWake Forest School of MedicineWinston-SalemNC 27109USA Division of Endocrinology and metabolism Department of MedicineUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPA 15261USA

Background:Skeletal muscle energetics decline with age,and physical activity(PA)has been shown to offset these declines in older ***,many studies reporting these effects were based on self-reported PA or structured exercise ***,we examined the associations of accelerometry-measured and self-reported PA and sedentary behavior(SB)with skeletal muscle energetics and explored the extent to which PA and sedentary behavior would attenuate the associations of age with muscle ***:As part of the Study of muscle,mobility and Aging,enrolled older adults(n=879),810(age=76.4±5.0 years old,mean±SD;58%women)had maximal muscle oxidative capacity measured ex vivo via high-resolution re spirometry of permeabilized myofibers(maximal oxidative phosphorylation(maxOXPHOS))and in vivo by ^(31)phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy(maximal adenosine triphosphate(ATP_(max))).Accelerometry-measured sedentary behavior,light activity,and moderate-to-vigorous PA(mVPA)were assessed using a wrist-worn ActiGraph GT9X over 7 ***-reported sedentary behavior,mVPA,and all PA were assessed with the Community Healthy Activities model Program for Seniors(CHAmPS)*** regression models with progressive covariate adjustments evaluated the associations of sedentary behavior and PA with muscle energetics,as well as the attenuation of the age/muscle energetics association by mVP A and sedentary *** a sensitivity analysis,we also examined activPAL-measured daily step count and time spent in sedentary behavior and their associations with muscle ***:Every 30 min/day more of ActiGraph-measured mVPA was associated with 0.65 pmol/(s×mg)higher maxOXPHOS and 0.012 mm/s higher ATP_(max)after adjusting for age,site/technician,and sex(pmaxOXPHOS or ATP_(max).meanwhile,every 30 min/day spent in ActiGraph-measured sedentary behavior was associated with 0.39 pmol/s×mg lower maxOXPHOS and0.

关键词： Aging Exercise mitochondria

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Early anticoagulation in patients with stroke and atrial fibrillation is associated with fewer ischaemic lesions at 1 month: the ATTUNE study

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2024年第1期9卷 30-37,I0034页

作者： Angelos Sharobeam Longting Lin Christina Lam Carlos Garcia-Esperon Yash Gawarikar Ronak Patel matthew Lee-Archer Andrew Wong michael Roizman Amanda Gilligan Andrew Lee Kee meng Tan Susan Day Christopher Levi stephen m Davis mark Parsons Bernard Yan melbourne Brain Centre at Royal melbourne Hospital ParkvilleVictoriaAustralia University of New South Wales South Western Sydney Clinical School LiverpoolNew South WalesAustralia Department of Neurology John Hunter HospitalNewcastleNew South WalesAustralia Department of Neurology Calvary Public HospitalCanberraAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia Department of Neurology Northern Hospital EppingEppingVictoriaAustralia Department of Neurology Royal Brisbane and Women's HospitalHerstonQueenslandAustralia The University of Queensland School of medicine HerstonQueenslandAustralia Neurosciences Clinical Institute Epworth HealthcareRichmondVirginiaAustralia Department of Neurology Austin HealthUniversity of MelbourneHeidelbergVictoriaAustralia Flinders University College of medicine and Public Health AdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia Department of Neurology Gold Coast University HospitalSouthportQueenslandAustralia The University of Sydney Northern Clinical School St LeonardsNew South WalesAustralia Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology Liverpool HospitalLiverpoolNew South WalesAustralia

Background The optimal time to commence anticoagulation in patients with atrial fibrillation(AF)after ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack(TIA)is unclear,with guidelines differing in recommendations.A limitation of previous studies is the focus on clinically overt stroke,rather than radiologically obvious diffusion-weighted imaging ischaemic *** aimed to quantify silent ischaemic lesions and haemorrhages on mRI at 1month in patients commenced on early(mic lesions and more haemorrhages in the early anticoagulant group at 1-month *** A prospective multicentre,observational cohort study was performed at 11 Australian stroke *** and mRI data were collected at baseline and follow-up,with blinded imaging assessment performed by two *** of commencement of anticoagulation was at the discretion of the treating stroke *** We recruited 276 patients of whom 208 met the eligibility *** average age was 74.2 years(SD±10.63),and 79(38%)patients were *** National Institute of Health Stroke Scale score was 5(IQR 1–12).median baseline ischaemic lesion volume was 5mL(IQR 2–17).There were a greater number of new ischaemic lesions on follow-up mRI in patients commenced on anticoagulation≥4days after index event(17%vs 8%,p=0.04),but no difference in haemorrhage rates(22%vs 32%,p=0.10).Baseline ischaemic lesion volume of≤5mL was less likely to have a new haemorrhage at 1month(p=0.02).There was no difference in haemorrhage rates in patients with an initial ischaemic lesion volume of>5mL,regardless of anticoagulation *** Commencing anticoagulationmic lesions at 1month in AF *** is no increased rate of haemorrhage with early *** results suggest that early anticoagulation after mild-to-moderate acute ischaemic stroke associated w

关键词： patients lesions ischaemic

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Older Adult Compendium of Physical Activities:Energy costs of human activities in adults aged 60 and older

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第1期13卷 13-17,F0003页

作者： Erik A.Willis stephen D.Herrmann mary Hastert Chelsea L.Kracht Tiago V.Barreira John m.Schuna Jr. Zhenghua Cai minghui Quan Scott A.Conger Wendy J.Brown Barbara E.Ainsworth Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27599USA Kansas Center for metabolism and Obesity Research The University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA Division of Physical Activity and Weight management Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA Clinical Science Division Pennington Biomedical Research CenterBaton RougeLA 70808USA Exercise Science Department Syracuse UniversitySyracuseNY 13244USA School of Exercise&Sport Science Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOR 97331USA School of Exercise and Health Shanghai University of SportShanghai 200438China Department of Kinesiology Boise State UniversityBoiseID 83725USA School of Human movement and Nutrition Sciences The University of QueenslandSt.LuciaQLD 4072Australia Faculty of Health Sciences and medicine Bond UniversityGold CoastQLD 4229Australia College of Health Solutions Arizona State UniversityPhoenixAZ 85003USA

Purpose:To describe the development of a Compendium for estimating the energy costs of activities in adults>60 years(OA Compendium).methods:Physical activities(PAs)and their metabolic equivalent of task(mET)values were obtained from a systematic search of studies published in 4 sport and exercise databases(Pubmed,Embase,SPORTDiscus(EBSCOhost),and Scopus)and a review of articles included in the 2011 Adult Compendium that measured PA in older *** values were computed as the oxygen cost(VO_(2),mL/kg/min)during PA divided by 2.7 m L/kg/min(mET_(60+))to account for the lower resting metabolic rate in older ***:We identified 68 articles and extracted energy expenditure data on 427 *** these,we derived 99 unique Specific Activity codes with corresponding mET_(60+)values for older *** developed a website to present the OA Compendium mET_(60+)values:https://***:The OA Compendium uses data collected from adults>60 years for more accurate estimation of the energy cost of PAs in older *** is an accessible resource that will allow researchers,educators,and practitioners to find mET_(60+)values for older adults for use in PA research and practice.

关键词： Energy expenditure Exercise mET Older adults

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Frequency-dependent viscoelasticity effects on the wave attenuation performance of multi-layered periodic foundations

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Applied mathematics and mechanics(English Edition) 2024年第3期45卷 407-424页

作者： m.SAFI m.VAKILIFARD m.J.mAHmOODI Faculty of Civil Water&Environmental EngineeringShahid Beheshti UniversityTehran ***Iran Faculty of mechanical and Energy Engineering Shahid Beheshti UniversityTehran ***Iran

In this paper,layered periodic foundations(LPFs)are numerically examined for their responses to longitudinal and transverse modes in the time and frequency *** different unit-cells,i.e.,2-layer,4-layer,and 6-layer unit-cells,comprising concrete/rubber,concrete/rubber/steel/rubber,and concrete/rubber/steel/rubber/lead/rubber materials,respectively,are taken into ***,the viscoelasticity behavior of the rubber is modeled with two factors,i.e.,a frequency-independent(FI)loss factor and a linear frequency-dependent(FD)loss *** the extraction of the complex dispersion curves and the identification of the band gaps(BGs),the simulations of wave transmission in the time and frequency domains are performed using the COmSOL *** parametric studies evaluate the effects of the rubber viscoelasticity models on the dispersion curves and the wave transmission for the longitudinal and transverse *** results show that considering the rubber viscoelasticity enhances the wave attenuation ***,the transverse-mode damping is more sensitive to the viscoelasticity model than its longitudinal *** 6-layer unit-cell LPF exhibits the lowest BG,ranging from 4.8 Hz to 6.5 Hz.

关键词： layered metamaterial periodic foundation complex dispersion curve wave transmission diagram

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