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Gastrointestinal disease in children with autism spectrum disorders:Etiology or consequence?

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World journal of Psychiatry 2021年第9期11卷 605-618页

作者： Arthur Krigsman stephen j Walker Pediatric Gastroenterology Resources of New York and Texas GeorgetownTX 78628United States Institute for Regenerative Medicine Wake Forest Baptist Medical CenterWinston SalemNC 27157United States

Chronic gastrointestinal(GI)symptoms and disorders are common in children with autism spectrum disorder and have been shown to be significantly correlated with the degree of behavioral and cognitive *** this unique population,GI symptoms often arise very early in development,during infancy or toddlerhood,and may be misdiagnosed-or not diagnosed at all–due in part to the challenges associated with recognition of symptoms in a minimally or noncommunicative *** demonstrating that the gut-brain-axis can communicate gut dysbiosis and systemic immune dysregulation in a bidirectional manner raises the question as to whether an untreated gastrointestinal disorder can directly impact neurodevelopment or,conversely,whether having a neurodevelopmental disorder predisposes a child to chronic GI *** the data presented in this mini review,we conclude that the preponderance of available evidence would suggest the former scenario is more strongly supported.

关键词： Autism spectrum disorder Gastrointestinal disease Immune dysregulation Neurodevelopment

Experimental Studies of Electrostatic Fluctuations and Turbulent Transport in the Boundary of j-TEXT Tokamak Using Reciprocating Probe

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Plasma Science and Technology 2012年第12期14卷 1041-1047页

作者： CHEN Zhipeng SUN Yue wang Zhijiang YANG Zhoujun DING Yonghua ZHUANG Ge j-TEXT team State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 China Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Science & Technology of China Hefei 230026 China

As the basic of a deeper investigation on the turbulent transport, the fluctuation property in the boundary of the newly-reconstructed joint Texas Experimental Tokamak （j- TEXT） is studied experimentally using the reciprocating Langmuir four-tip probe, which has been built and operated as the primary diagnostic tool in the boundary of j-TEXT tokamak. In this paper, spatial profiles of the plasma-edge parameters are obtained, such as electron temperature, plasma density, plasma potential, poloidal electric field and their fluctuations. The results indicate the existence of a Er ×BT shear layer at the vicinity of last closed flux surface （LCFS）, with the fluctuations suppressed in varying degrees. The turbulence-induced particle and energy fluxes can be calculated by the local plasma parameters above. Convection dominates the cross-field turbulent transport in boundary plasma. Electrostatic fluctuations properties are also studied in detail with the help of numerical analysis. Statistical analysis on density fluctuation shows that, the intermittency can affect the turbulence in the scrape-off layer （SOL）.

关键词： electrostatic fluctuations anomalous transport j-TEXT reciprocating Lang- muir probe

Visible-light driven room-temperature coupling of methane to ethane by atomically dispersed Au on WO_(3)

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journal of Energy Chemistry 2021年第10期30卷 195-202,I0006页

作者： Xing Yang Wu Zhiyuan Tang Xiaoxu Zhao Xin Luo stephen john Pennycook Song Ling wang China-UK Low Carbon College Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 201306China School of Environmental Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies Centre for Physical Mechanics and BiophysicsSchool of PhysicsSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275GuangdongChina Institute Department of Materials Science and Engineering National University of SingaporeSingapore 117575Singapore Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security Shanghai 200092China

Gold(Au)as co-catalyst is remarkable for activating methane(CH4),especially atomically dispersed Au with maximized exposing active sites and specific electronic ***,singlet oxygen(^(1)O_(2))typically manifests a mild redox capacity with a high selectivity to attack organic ***(PMS)favors to produce oxidative species 102 during the photocatalytic ***,combining atomic Au as co-catalyst and ^(1)O_(2) as oxidant is an effective strategy to selectively convert ***,we synthesized atomically dispersed Au on WO_(3)(Au/WO_(3)),where Au was in the forms of single atoms and *** room temperature,such Au/WO_(3) exhibited enhanced photocata lytic conversion of CH4 to CH3 CH3 with a selectivity,up to 94%,under visible *** radicals-pathway mechanism of CH4 coupling has also been investigated through detection and trapping experiment of active *** calculations further interpret the electronic structure of Au/WO_(3) and tip-enhanced local electric field at the Au sites for promoting CH4 conversion.

关键词： Photocatalysis Single-atom Au Methane Ethane Visible light

Update on the management of the gastrointestinal effects of radiation

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World journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2021年第5期13卷 400-408页

作者： Hannah McCaughan stephen Boyle john j McGoran Department of Gastroenterology Altnagelvin Area HospitalLondonderry BT476SBUnited Kingdom

Radiation therapy is a long-established and essential modality in the treatment of many *** is well known that tissue within a field of radiation can suffer indiscriminate effects,leading to acute and chronic *** gastrointestinal tract may be adversely affected by *** the mouth to the rectum,patients can experience troublesome symptoms that require the concerted input of specialist *** range from nursing care,dietetic optimization,pharmacological management,and mechanical procedures through endoscopy and *** evidence exists mainly for radiation induced effects in four distinct areas of the gastrointestinal tract:oral mucosa,esophagus,small bowel,and *** review explores the experiences of oncology and gastrointestinal teams in managing the most common conditions and some of the different practices for radiation associated morbidity.

关键词： Radiation Stricture Endoscopy

Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor as a treatment after spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第10期13卷 1733-1734页

作者： stephen d.ortmann daniel j.hellenbrand department of neurological surgery university of wisconsinmadisonwiusa

Spinal cord injury（SCI）is a devastating trauma that currently affects 54 people out of every million,which is approximately 270,000people in the United States（National Spinal Cord Injury Statistical Center,2013）.The effects of such an injury can cause a loss of both motor and sensory function below the injury site,normally leaving the patient unable to care for themselves entirely and relying on family and friends to provide personal *** there are no.

关键词： Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor as a treatment after spinal cord injury GFR SCI

Effect of associated fungi on the immunocompetence of red turpentine beetle larvae, Dendroctonus valens （Coleoptera： Curculionidae： Scolytinae）

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Insect Science 2012年第5期19卷 579-584页

作者： Zhang-Hong Shi Bo wang stephen R. Clarke jiang-Hua Sun State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China USDA Forest Service FHP Lufkin Texas USA

Abstract Dendroctonus-fungus symbioses are often considered as the ideal model sys- tems to study the development and maintenance ofectosymbioses, and diverse interactions, including antagonism, commensalism and mutualism, have been documented between these organisms. The red turpentine beetle, Dendroctonus valens LeConte （Coleoptera： Curculionidae： Scolytinae） is a pine-killing invasive beetle in northern China. Fungi species Ophiostoma minus, Leptographium sinoprocerum, L. terebrantis and L. procerum were associated with this bark beetle. Antagonistic interactions between D. valens and its as- sociated fungi, such as O. minus and L. sinoprocerum, have been demonstrated, but the underlying causes of this phenomenon are unknown. Here, we first found the two tested fungi species retarded the net weight gain of D. valens larvae after completing 3-day feeding on their media. Furthermore, we provide direct evidence indicating the effect of associated fungi on the immunocompetence olD. valens larvae to explain the documented antagonism. Our results showed that the activity of phenoloxidase and total phenoloxi- dase in D. valens larvae were significantly upregulated by two strains of associated fungi, O. minus and L. sinoprocerum as compared with the controls. The phenoloxidase ratio increased significantly in the larvae which had fed for 3 days on media inoculated with O. minus. Because insect immtme defenses are costly to be deployed, these results could be explored as one of the underlying mechanisms of the documented antagonism.

关键词： bark beetle ecological immunology fungi phenoloxidase symbiosis

Women in visual neural regeneration research

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第2期20卷 489-490页

作者： Tonia S.Rex David j.Calkins Vanderbilt Eye Institute Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTNUSA

The year 2024 marks the 60^(th)anniversary of Title IX and 25 years since the New York Times revealed bias against female faculty members at the Massachusetts Institute of *** take an opportunity here to examine the state of gender bias in a relatively new yet already prominent field,neural regeneration in the visual system,for which there is a well-defined context useful for this *** National Eye Institute(NEI)provided the first round of research funding for its Audacious Goals Initiative(AGI)on visual neural regeneration in 2013 and the last round in ***,we focus on this *** sources included PubMed,the National Science Foundation(NSF),the NEI,the Blue Ridge Institute for Medical Research and data from the major professional organization for eye and vision research,the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology(ARVO).

关键词： neural visual Times

Generation of brain vascular heterogeneity:recent advances from the perspective of angiogenesis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 2013-2014页

作者： Nathanael j.Lee Ryota L.Matsuoka Department of Neurosciences Lerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOHUSA Department of Molecular Medicine Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of MedicineCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOHUSA

Heterogeneous proper t i es of vascular endothelial cells in the brain:The brain displays large energy dynamics and consumption,and this high level of metabolic demands is fulfilled by a continuous supply of glucose and oxygen through its vascular *** vasculature consists of highly divergent blood vessel branches,giving rise to a dense network of capillaries that supply blood to all cells across the *** elaborated vascular network is thought to develop via angiogenesis,a process in which new blood vessels grow from pre-existing *** capillaries exhibit organotypic features distinct from other tissues and are formed primarily by two major endothelial cell(EC)types:those that form the semi-permeable blood-brain barrier(BBB)and those that develop highly permeable pores known as fenestrae(Matsuoka et al.,2022).The structural and functional differences between BBB and fenestrated vascular ECs represent a fundamental feature of brain vasculature and form the foundation for both brain function and homeostasis.

关键词： angiogenesis homeostasis network

Maximizing biomass utilization: An integrated strategy for coproducing multiple chemicals

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journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 180-191页

作者： Byeongchan Ahn Sua jo jonggeol Na j.jay Liu Young-ju Kim wangyun Won Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Korea University Department of Chemical Engineering (Integrated process) Kyung Hee University Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Ewha Womans University Department of Chemical Engineering Pukyong National University Resources Engineering Plant Research Department Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources

Lignocellulosic biomass is one of the viable solutions to alleviate the global warming. However, the limited utilization of biomass majorly focused on cellulose and hemicellulose restricts the economic and environmental feasibilities. To cope with this issue, we proposed an integrated process of co-producing 1,6-hexanediol（1,6-HDO） with tetrahydrofuran and adipic acid from biomass, referred to as Strategy A. To compare the impacts of lignin upgrading and feedstock, Strategy B, which co-produces tetrahydrofuran alone, and Strategy C, which is the traditional route to produce 1,6-HDO from fossil fuels, were used. Heat networks are also designed to reduce operating costs and indirect carbon emissions due to energy consumption, saving 87% and 83% of the heat and cooling requirements, respectively, in Strategy A. The market competitiveness of Strategy A was evaluated by determining the minimum selling price through techno-economic analysis, and sustainability was thoroughly investigated by quantifying the environmental impacts through both midpoint and endpoint life-cycle assessments（LCAs）.Strategy A was found to be the most favorable both economically（USRDSCHARDOLLAR3,402/ton） and environmentally（-26.9 kg CO2eq.）. This indicates that lignin valorization is not only economically but also environmentally preferred. Finally, changes in economic and environmental feasibilities depending on economic, process, and environmental parameters were investigated using sensitivity and uncertainty analyses. The results of these analyses provide valuable insight into bio-based chemical production.

关键词： Biorefinery Carbon mitigation Climate change Global warming Lignin utilization Bioeconomy