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Agroecological management of a soil-dwelling orthopteran pest in vineyards

Insect Science 2018年第3期25卷 475-486页

作者： Jerry Asalma Nboyine Stephane Boyer david J. Saville stephen david wratten Bio-Protection Research Centre Lincoln University Christchurch New Zealand CSIR Savanna Agriculture Research Institute Tamale Ghana Environmental and Animal Sciences Unitec Institute of Technology Auckland New Zealand Saville Statistical Consulting Limited Lincoln New Zealand

The efficacy of different combinations of undervine and inter-row treatments for managing a soil-dwelling orthopteran pest, weta （Hemiandrus sp.）, in vineyards was investigated over 2 seasons. This insect damages vine buds, thus reducing subsequent grape yield. The undervine treatments comprised pea straw mulch, mussel shells, tick beans [Viciafaba Linn. var minor （Fab）], plastic sleeves on vine trunks （treated control） and control （no intervention）, while inter-rows contained either the existing vegetation or tick beans. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 10 replicates. Data were collected on weta densities, damage to beans and components of yield. The latter were numbers of bud laid down per vine, shoots per bud, clusters per shoot, grape bunches per vine, bunch weight and yield. The undervine treatments significantly affected all variables except the number of shoots per bud. In contrast, none of the variables was significantly affected by the inter-row treatments or their interaction with undervine treatments, apart from weta density. At the end of the experiment, weta density in the shell treatment was about 58% lower than in the control. As a result, there was about 39% significant yield increase in that treatment compared to the control. Although the undervine beans and sleeves treatments increased yield, there were no reductions in weta density. With undervine beans, the insect fed on the bean plants instead of vine buds. Thus, yield in that treatment was approximately 28% higher than in the control. These results demonstrate that simple agroecological management approaches can reduce above-ground damage by soil-dwelling insects.

关键词： cover crops grapevine yield pest management soil-dwelling insects vineyards yield loss

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Bactericera cockerelli(Sulc), a potential threat to China’s potato industry

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2020年第2期19卷 338-349页

作者： Oluwashola OLANIYAN Neus RODRÍGUEZ-GASOL Nathalie CAYLA Eleonor MICHAUD Steve D.wratten Bio-Protection Research Centre Lincoln UniversityLincoln 7647New Zealand Institute for Research and Technology in Food and Agriculture(IRTA) Lleida 25003Spain Agrocampus Ouest Institut National Supérieur des Sciences AgronomiquesAgroalimentairesHorticoles et du PaysageRennes Cedex 35000France

The potato psyllid Bactericera cockerelli(Hemiptera:Triozidae)has recently emerged as a serious pest of potatoes and other solanaceous *** causes direct feeding damage and also vectors Candidatus Liberibacter solanaceaerum(Lso),a pathogen that causes zebra chip disease in potatoes and which potentially costs growers millions of dollars each *** producers rely on frequent sprays of pesticides for psyllid control but the results are unsatisfactory and there are negative side *** psyllid has spread beyond its native range in southwest US and northern Mexico to Canada,El Salvador,Honduras,Guatemala and Nicaragua via medium to long range dispersal flights perhaps aided by wind currents,and through anthropogenic *** was accidentally introduced into New Zealand in 2006 and most recently Australia,most likely through the importation of infested plant *** review summarizes information from studies on the biology,impact and management of ***,and highlights the imminent risk of this insect and its associated pathogen invading China,the world’s largest producer of fresh *** of risk maps leading to increased surveillance,could prevent or delay an incursion and facilitate early detection or eradication should this ***-term management with Lso-tolerant potato cultivars and psyllid control using the parasitic wasp Tamarixia triozae and other natural enemies should be pursued,rather than depending on synthetic pesticides.

关键词： Bactericera cockerelli tomato-potato psyllid invasive pest Candidatus Liberibacter solanaceaerum biological control Tamarixia triozae

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警惕茄科作物重大害虫马铃薯木虱入侵风险及危害

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应用昆虫学报 2019年第6期56卷 1422-1429页

作者：何小丽 EMILIANO Veronesi wratten stephen 祝增荣高玉林周文武浙江大学昆虫科学研究所浙江省作物病虫生物学重点实验室农业部作物病虫分子生物学重点实验室水稻生物学国家重点实验室杭州310058 中国农业科学院植物保护研究所植物病虫害生物学国家重点实验室北京100193 中国农业科学院国家薯类作物研究中心北京100193 新西兰林肯大学生物保护研究中心基督城85084

马铃薯木虱Bactericera cockerelli原产于美国的落基山脉以及墨西哥的北部地区,是多种茄科作物的重大害虫。该虫自21世纪初在世界多国扩散,并对当地茄科作物的生产带来重要影响,严重发生时能造成马铃薯和番茄减产85%以上。除了马铃薯木... 详细信息

马铃薯木虱Bactericera cockerelli原产于美国的落基山脉以及墨西哥的北部地区,是多种茄科作物的重大害虫。该虫自21世纪初在世界多国扩散,并对当地茄科作物的生产带来重要影响,严重发生时能造成马铃薯和番茄减产85%以上。除了马铃薯木虱自身的直接取食危害,该虫传播的斑纹片病菌也加剧了其对农产品的损害,造成极大的经济损失。作为世界性毁灭害虫,马铃薯木虱目前在我国尚未有分布,但仍是我国茄科作物产业的巨大潜在威胁。本文概述了马铃薯木虱的生物学特性、地理分布、寄主作物范围、传播方式、危害特征、以及检疫和防控措施,为该虫的有效防控提供参考。

关键词：马铃薯马铃薯木虱入侵害虫化学防治生物防治

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Metabolic, Health and Lifestyle Profiling of Breast Cancer Radiotherapy Patients and the Risk of Developing Fatigue

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Journal of Cancer Therapy 2012年第5期3卷 731-740页

作者： R. Hugh Dunstan Diane L. Sparkes Christopher wratten James W. Denham Johan Gottfries Tim K. Roberts Margaret M. Macdonald Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology Gothenberg Sweden Radiation Oncology Department Calvary Mater Newcastle Newcastle Australia School of Environmental and Life Sciences University of Newcastle Callaghan Australia

Background: Fatigue is commonly reported by cancer patients. In some instances it can persist after treatment is completed. In order to develop effective treatment strategies it is important to understand the mechanisms underlying the development of fatigue and to be able to predict those that may be at greatest risk of experiencing fatigue during and following treatment. The current paper examines predisposing factors for fatigue including altered fatty acid homeostasis in a cohort of breast cancer radiotherapy patients. Methodology: Patients had undergone breast-conserving surgery and adjuvant breast irradiation. Prior to radiotherapy the patients were free from significant fatigue. Levels of fatigue were determined prior to and following radiotherapy using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy fatigue subscale. Plasma fatty acid levels, urinary and plasma amino acid levels, blood biochemistry factors and general health and lifestyle characteristics were assessed. Results: Following radiotherapy, significant fatigue affected approximately one third of the 26 patients and these subjects were then assigned to the fatigued cohort. Univariate analysis revealed that higher levels of the fatty acids myristic acid and eicosadienoic acid were present for the fatigued cohort prior to radiotherapy. Multivariate analysis also revealed that fatty acid homeostasis was altered between the fatigued and non-fatigued groups at baseline. Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis of the general health, lifestyle and metabolic data revealed that the fatigued and non-fatigued patients could be clustered into two clearly separate groups. Conclusions: The results supported the proposition that the fatigued patients had an underlying metabolic homeostasis which may predispose them to the development of fatigue. Biochemical and general health profiling of breast cancer patients has the potential to identify those at most risk of developing significant fatigue following

关键词： Fatigue Fatty Acids Radiotherapy Breast Cancer

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膳食疗法研究:采用阶梯设计随机对照试验评估由营养师为头颈部肿瘤放疗病人提供健康指导以改善营养状况

膳食疗法研究:采用阶梯设计随机对照试验评估由营养师为头颈部肿...

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作者： Ben Britton Kristen McCarter Amanda Baker Luke Wolfenden Chris wratten Judith Bauer Alison Beck Patrick McElduff Sean Halpin Gregory Carter 晋菲斐

简介头颈部肿瘤病人需要营养健康的饮食,但由于恶性肿瘤和放射疗法对身体的影响,其所需的营养摄入也要相应改变。目前,通过健康行为干预以改善这类病人的营养状况是否有效,尚未研究。试验建立在数据基础上,评估由营养师提供健康行为干...

简介头颈部肿瘤病人需要营养健康的饮食,但由于恶性肿瘤和放射疗法对身体的影响,其所需的营养摄入也要相应改变。目前,通过健康行为干预以改善这类病人的营养状况是否有效,尚未研究。试验建立在数据基础上,评估由营养师提供健康行为干预以改善头顶部肿瘤患者营养不良状况的有效性,即膳食疗法。方法与分析采用阶梯式整群随机对照试验,对参加研究医院的肿瘤科大夫进行随机数字编号,并进行为期2天的膳食疗法培训,研究人员在培训期间进行督导,并提供2个月的强化训练。膳食疗法是基于行为改变理论的一种方法,包括:动机性访谈、认知行为治疗和临床实践。膳食疗法的作用是激发病人的食欲,帮助病人克服疼痛、黏膜炎、恶心、口干、味觉改变和食欲减退等障碍,改变其不良健康行为,由营养师对病人进行膳食指导。在澳大利亚选择5个地区,从每个地区的医院放射科选择18岁以上且患有头颈部肿瘤,准备进行放射治疗的患者,共400人参加研究。分别选择放疗的第1周和最后1周,放疗后的第4周和第12周四个时段进行评估。本次研究的主要成果是对头颈部肿瘤病人放疗后营养现状的评估。

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