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Neuropeptide cholecystokinin:a key neuromodulator for hippocampal functions

Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 1991-1992页

作者： Fengwen Huang stephen Temitayo Bello Department of Neuroscience City University of Hong KongKowloon TongHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina Center for Regenerative Medicine and Health Hong Kong Institute of Science&InnovationChinese Academy of SciencesHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina

Spatial memory is crucial for survival within external surroundings and wild *** hippocampus,a critical hub for spatial learning and memory formation,has received extensive investigations on how neuromodulators shape its functions(Teixeira et al.,2018;Zhang et al.,2024).However,the landscape of neuromodulations in the hippocampal system remains poorly understood because most studies focus on classical monoamine neuromodulators,such as acetylcholine,serotonin,dopamine,and *** neuropeptides,comprising the most abundant neuromodulators in the central nervous system,play a pivotal role in neural information processing in the hippocampal ***(CCK),one of the most abundant neuropeptides,has been implicated in regulating various physiological and neurobiological statuses(Chen et al.,2019).CCK-A receptor(CCK-AR)and CCK-B receptors(CCK-BR)are two key receptors mediating the biological functions of CCK,both of which belong to class-A sevenfold transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors(Nishimura et al.,2015).CCK-AR preferentially reacts to sulfated CCK,whereas CCK-BR binds both CCK and gastrin with similar affinities(Ding et al.,2022).The expression patterns of CCK-AR and CCK-BR are distinct,implying that CCK has various functions in target *** instance,CCK-AR is widely expressed in the GI and brain subregions and is hence implicated in the control of digestive function and satiety ***,CCK-BR is abundantly and widely distributed in the central nervous system,which majorly regulates anxiety,learning,and memory(Ding et al.,2022).However,the roles of endogenous CCK and CCK receptors in regulating hippocampal function at electrophysiological and behavioral levels have received less attention.

关键词： abundant functions modulator

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Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived therapies for regeneration after central nervous system injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第11期20卷 3063-3075页

作者： stephen Vidman Yee Hang Ethan Ma Nolan Fullenkamp Giles W.Plant Department of Neuroscience Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA

In recent years,the progression of stem cell therapies has shown great promise in advancing the nascent field of regenerative *** the non-regenerative nature of the mature central nervous system,the concept that“blank”cells could be reprogrammed and functionally integrated into host neural networks remained *** work has also demonstrated the ability of such cells to stimulate intrinsic growth programs in post-mitotic cells,such as *** embryonic stem cells demonstrated great potential in treating central nervous system pathologies,ethical and technical concerns *** barriers,along with the clear necessity for this type of treatment,ultimately prompted the advent of induced pluripotent stem *** advantage of pluripotent cells in central nervous system regeneration is multifaceted,permitting differentiation into neural stem cells,neural progenitor cells,glia,and various neuronal *** precise spatiotemporal application of extrinsic growth factors in vitro,in addition to microenvironmental signaling in vivo,influences the efficiency of this directed *** the pluri-or multipotency of these cells is appealing,it also poses the risk of unregulated differentiation and teratoma *** of the neuroectodermal lineage,such as neuronal subpopulations and glia,have been explored with varying degrees of *** the risk of cancer or teratoma formation is greatly reduced,each subpopulation varies in effectiveness and is influenced by a myriad of factors,such as the timing of the transplant,pathology type,and the ratio of accompanying progenitor ***,successful transplantation requires innovative approaches to develop delivery vectors that can mitigate cell death and support ***,host immune responses to allogeneic grafts must be thoroughly characterized and further developed to reduce the need for *** to a clinical setting wi

关键词： axon regeneration central nervous system regeneration induced pluripotent stem cells neurotrauma regenerative medicine spinal cord injury stem cell therapy

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Autosub6000:A Deep Diving Long Range AUV

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2009年第1期6卷 55-62页

作者： stephen McPhail Underwater Systems Laboratory National Marine Facilities DivisionNational Oceanography CentreSouthampton SO14 3ZHUK

With an ultimate range up to 1000 km,a maximum operating depth of 6000 m,and a generous payload capacity,Autosub6000 is well placed to become one of the world's most capable deep diving Autonomous Underwater Vehicles(AUVs). Recently,Autosub6000 successfully completed its first deep water engineering trials,and in September 2008,fitted with a multibeam sonar,will carry out its first science *** paper will describe how we are tackling the design issues that specifically affect a deep diving AUV which must be capable of operating with true autonomy,independently of the mother ship, namely:carrying adequate energy for long endurance and range,coping with varying buoyancy,and maintaining accurate navigation throughout missions lasting up to several *** from the recent engineering trails are presented,and future missions and development plans are discussed.

关键词： AUV robotics navigation lithium polymer battery deep ocean research

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Assessing fire severity in Turkey's forest ecosystems using spectral indices from satellite images

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Journal of Forestry Research 2023年第6期34卷 1747-1761页

作者： coşkun Okan Güney Ahmet Mert Serkan Gülsoy Department of Forest Fires Aegean Forestry Research Institute35430 IzmirTurkey Department of Wildlife Ecology and Management Faculty of ForestryIsparta University of Applied Science32260 IspartaTurkey Department of Soil Science and Ecology Faculty of ForestryIsparta University of Applied Science32260 IspartaTurkey

Fire severity classifications determine fire damage and regeneration potential in post-fire areas for effective implementation of restoration *** fire damage varies according to vegetation and fire characteristics,regional assessment of fire severity is *** objectives of this study were:(1)to test the performance of different satellite imagery and spectral indices,and two field—measured severity indices,CBI(composite Burn Index)and GeoCBI(Geometrically structured composite Burn Index)to assess fire severity;(2)to calculate classification thresholds for spectral indices that performed best in the study areas;and(3)to generate fire severity maps that could be used to determine the ecological impact of forest *** large fires in Pinus brutia(Turkish pine)and Pinus nigra *** ***(Anatolian black pine)—dominated forests during 2020 and 2021 were selected as study *** results show that GeoCBI provided more reliable estimates of field—measured fire severity than *** Sentinel-2 and Landsat-8/OLI images performed similarly well,MODIS performed *** severity classification thresholds were determined for Sentinel-2 based RdNBR,dNBR,dSAVI,dNDVI,and dNDMI and Landsat-8/OLI based dNBR,dNDVI,and *** several spectral indices,the highest accuracy for fire severity classification was found for Sentinel-2 based RdNBR(72.1%)and Landsat-8/OLI based dNBR(69.2%).The results can be used to assess and map fire severity in forest ecosystems similar to those in this study.

关键词： Remote sensing Forest fire Fire severity Spectral indices composite burn index

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Evaluation of antioxidant activities of some Nigerian medicinal plants

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2009年第4期2卷 27-32页

作者： Uche FI Ezugwu co Department of Pharmacognosy and Ethnotherapy University of Port Harcourt Nigeria Department of Pharmacognosy University of Nigeria Nsukka Nigeria

Objective:The methanol extracts of the leaves of Kolancheo(K.) pinnata,Aspilia(A.) africana,Mucuna (M.) pruriens,Emilia(E.) coccinea,Triumfetta(T.) rhomboidea,Laportea(L.) ovalifolis,Celosia(C.) trigynea,Cucurbita(C.)moschata and Asystesia(A.)gangestica were evaluated for antioxidant activities,the reducing potentials of these plants were also determined and phytochemical screening of some of these plants were carried ***:The antioxidant activities of these plants were evaluated by the use of 2,2-diphenyl -1 -picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) free radical assay and *** reducing potentials of these plants were determined using Ferric chloride,Potassium Ferricyanide and Trichloroacetic acid proceedures. The phytochemical screenings of the medicinal plants were equally done using standard ***: The percentage of antioxidant activities values for the plants were:(31.00±1.80)%,(58.40±1.26) %,(59.10±1.60)%,(60.00±1.05)%,(60.80±1.28)%,(62.40±1.26)%,(64.80±2. 10)%,(75.70±2.60)%and(82.70±2.80)%for ***,***,***,L. ovalifolia,***,***,***,*** and *** values were dose-dependent and statistically significant at P comparable to the standard used,Tocopherol which was found to be(97.20±1.06)%.The reducing potentials of the plants were found to be positively correlated to the antioxidant activities of the *** screenings revealed the presence of alkaloids,flavonoids,terpenoids,saponins and tannins in the medicinal ***:The findings from this study have revealed the potentials of these plants as *** could be exploited in drug development in search of powerful antioxidants which are urgently needed to challenge free radicals

关键词： Phytochemical screening Antioxidant activity Reducing potentials Nigerian medicinal plants

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Palaeogeographic variation in the Permian-Triassic boundary microbialites:A discussion of microbial and ocean process esafter the end-Permian mass extinction

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2017年第2期6卷 97-107页

作者： stephen Kershaw Department of Life Sciences Brunel University Kingston Lane Uxbridge UB8 3PH UK

Shallow marine carbonate sediments that formed after the end-Permian mass extinction are rich in a thin(maximum ca.15 m) deposit of *** communities that constructed the microbialites have geographic variability of composition,broadly divisible into two groups:1) eastern Tethys sites are calcimicrobe-dominated(appearing as thrombolites in the field),with rare occurrence of sedimentconstructed microbialites and uncommon cements either within microbial structure or as inorganic precipitates,2) other Tethys sites are sediment-dominated structures forming stromatolites and thrombolites,composed of micrites and cements,with some inorganic *** other Tethys locations include western and central Tethys sites but their palaeogeographic positions depend on the accuracy of continental reconstructions,of which there are several *** contrast to geographic variation of microbialites,the conodont Hindeodus parvus,which appeared after the extinction and defines the base of the Triassic,is widespread,indicating easy lateral migration throughout *** animals were active nekton,although being small animals were presumably at least partly carried by water currents,implying active Tethyan surface water circulation after the extinction ***-extinction ammonoid taxa,presumed active swimmers,show poor evidence of a wide distribution in the Griesbachian beds immediately after the extinction,but are more cosmopolitan higher up,in the Dienerian strata in *** shelly fossils also have poorly defined distributions after the extinction,but ostracods show some wider distribution suggesting migration was possible after the *** there is a contrast between the geographic differences of microbialites and some shelly *** the cause of geographic variation of post-extinction microbialites is problematic and may include one or more of the following possibilities:1) because calcifying microbial organisms th

关键词： Stromatolite Thrombolite Microbialite Permian-Triassic boundary conodonts Tethys Mass extinction

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New Insights on US Aggregate and State Level Trade with the China Region

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China & World Economy 2011年第6期19卷 92-108页

作者： Catherine Y.co Department of Economics University of Nebraska at Omaha

Aggregate trade data with breakdown into related and non-related party components show that US multinational enterprises use different trading strategies in the China region relative to other countries. US trade with the China region in 2002-007 is characterized by arm ＇s- length transactions. State-level trade data show great variability in state engagement with the region through trade： exports to the region range from 1 to 28 percent of state exports. In addition, compared to exports to other countries, exports to the region are highly concentrated. At the extreme, for some states, 96-98 percent of exports to the region are computer and electronic products. Finally, gravity regressions show that state exports to Hong Kong are posflively associated with the relative size of the ltong Kong-born population in the states. There is no evidence that stricter labor regimes lead to lower state exports.

关键词： arm's-length trade intra-firm trade multinational finns US-China trade

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combining Aluminum Heat Treat with Hot Isostatic Pressing: A comparison of Structure, Properties, and Processing Routes for a Cast AI-Si-Mg Alloy

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材料热处理学报 2004年第5期25卷 546-551页

作者： stephen J. Mashl Body cote HIP Inc. Andover Massachusetts USA

Bodycote researchers have successfully demonstrated that a T6 heat treatment can be integrated with Densal?, a proprietary, aluminum specific, hot isostatic pressing (HIP) process. In this combined operation, at least a portion of the solution heat treatment is conducted at elevated pressure. During development, two issues, adiabatic cooling during depressurization and a possible variation in the kinetics of homogenization resulting from conducting the solution heat treat at elevated pressure were perceived as factors which could alter the heat treat response from that seen in conventional processing. This paper reviews the results of experiments performed to Al-Si-Mg (A356.0) castings subjected to both combined and conventional processing routes. Results indicate that the combined HIP and heat treat process is an efficient means of achieving a microstructure characteristic of a conventionally T6 processed material while eliminating porosity within the casting. Further, the fatigue life of an A356.0 casting processed using the combined cycle can be improved by more than an order of magnitude over the as-cast and T6 treated component.

关键词： Al-Si-Mg合金热处理热等静压缩 HIP 机械性质疲劳寿命

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RADIATION BOUNDARY coNDITIONS FOR MAXWELL'S EQUATIONS:A REVIEW OF ACCURATE TIME-DOMAIN FORMULATIONS

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Journal of computational Mathematics 2007年第3期25卷 305-336页

作者： Thomas Hagstrom stephen Lau Department of Mathematics and Statistics University of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNM 87131USA Division of Applied Mathematics Brown University182 George StreetProvidenceRI 02912USA

We review time-domain formulations of radiation boundary conditions for Maxwell＇s equations, focusing on methods which can deliver arbitrary accuracy at acceptable compu-tational cost. Examples include fast evaluations of nonlocal conditions on symmetric and general boundaries, methods based on identifying and evaluating equivalent sources, and local approximations such as the perfectly matched layer and sequences of local boundary conditions. complexity estimates are derived to assess work and storage requirements as a function of wavelength and simulation time.

关键词： Maxwell's equations Radiation boundary conditions Fast algorithms Kirchoffformulas Perfectly matched layers.

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Mineral sulphide-lime reactions and effect of CaO/C mole ratio during carbothermic reduction of complex mineral sulphides

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2014年第1期21卷 1-11页

作者： Yotamu stephen Rainford Hara Institute for Materials Research(IMR) School of ProcessEnvironmental and Materials Engineering(SPEME)University of Leeds

Mineral sulphide （MS）-lime （CaO） ion exchange reactions （MS ＋ CaO = MO ＋ CaS） and the effect of CaO/C mole ratio during carbothermic reduction （MS ＋ CaO ＋ C = M ＋ CaS ＋ co（g）） were investigated for complex froth flotation mineral sulphide concentrates. Phases in the partially and fully reacted samples were characterised by X-ray diffraction （XRD） and scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. The primary phases during mineral sulphide-lime ion exchange reactions are Fe304, CaSO4 Cu2S, and CaS. A complex liquid phase of Ca2CuFeO3S forms during mineral sulphide-lime exchange reactions above 1173 K. The formation mechanisms of Ca2CuFeO3S liquid phase are determined by characterising the partially reacted samples. The reduction rate and extent of mineral sulphides in the presence of CaO and C increase with the increase in CaO/C ratio. The metallic phases are surrounded by the CaS rich phase at CaO/C 〉 1, but the metallic phases and CaS are found as separate phases at CaO/C 〈 1. Experimental results show that the stoichiometric ratio of carbon should be slightly higher than that of CaO. The reactions between CaO and gangue minerals （SiO2 and A1203） are only observed at CaO/C 〉 1 and the reacted samples are excessively sintered.

关键词： sulphide minerals ion exchange carbothermic reduction lime

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