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Geomechanical properties will constrain cO_(2)injection into the lower Ordovician Rose Run sandstone deep saline reservoir,Appalachian Basin,Kentucky,USA

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2021年第5期13卷 947-960页

作者： John Richard Bowersox stephen F.Greb Junfeng Zhu David c.Harris Kentucky Geological Survey University of KentuckyLexingtonKY40506-0107USA

The Kentucky Geological Survey(KGS)1 Hanson Aggregates stratigraphic research well,carter county,Kentucky,USA,was drilled to a total depth of 1474 m as a field-scale test of potential cO2 storage reservoir properties in the central Appalachian *** properties of the Rose Run sandstone(upper Ordovician Knox group)were tested for its suitability as a storage reservoir.A 9.8-m thick section of the Rose Run was penetrated at 1000 m drilled depth and a whole-diameter core and rotary sidewall cores were *** porosity and permeability measured in core plugs were 9.1%and 44.6 mD,*** vertical stress gradient calculated in the wellbore was 26 MPa/*** fractures in dolomites underlying and overlying the Rose Run follow the contemporary N53E Appalachian Basin stress *** Rose Run elastic geomechanical properties were calibrated to values measured in core plugs to evaluate its fracturing risk as a cO2 storage *** Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio values of the Rose Run were 45 GPa and 0.23,respectively,whereas Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio values were 77.1 GPa and 0.28,respectively,in the overlying Beekmantown dolomite,suggesting the Rose Run may fracture if overpressured during cO2 injection but be confined by the *** compressive strength measured in core plugs found the Rose Run and Beekmantown fractured at mean axial stresses of 156.5 MPa and 282.2 MPa,respectively,confirming the Beekmantown as suitable for confining cO2 injected into the Rose Run.A step-rate test was conducted in a mechanically-isolated 18.6-m interval bracketing the Rose *** Rose Run reservoir pressure was 9.3 MPa,and fracture gradient under injection was 13.6 MPa/km,suggesting step-rate testing before cO2 injection,and subsequent pressure monitoring to ensure *** the region around the KGS 1 Hanson Aggregates well is underpressured and adjacent to faulted Precambrian basement,further research is neede

关键词： Appalachian Basin Rose Run sandstone Geomechanics carbon sequestration Step-rate testing

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Allometric models for estimating aboveground biomass in the tropical woodlands of Ghana, West Africa

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Forest Ecosystems 2020年第3期7卷 539-561页

作者： Raymond Aabeyir stephen Adu-Bredu Wilson Agyei Agyare Michael J.c.Weir Department of Environment and Resource Studies UDS-Wa CampusWaGhana WAScAL Graduate Research Programme on climate change and Land Use KNUSTKumasiGhana Biodiversity conservation and Ecosystem Division CSIR-Forestry Research Institute of GhanaKumasiGhana Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering KNUSTKumasiGhana Department of Natural Resources Faculty of Geoinformation Science and Earth Observation(ITC)University of TwenteEnschedethe Netherlands

Background: Modelling aboveground biomass(AGB) in forest and woodland ecosystems is critical for accurate estimation of carbon stocks. However, scarcity of allometric models for predicting AGB remains an issue that has not been adequately addressed in Africa. In particular, locally developed models for estimating AGB in the tropical woodlands of Ghana have received little attention. In the absence of locally developed allometric models, Ghana will continue to use Tier 1 biomass data through the application of pantropic models. Without local allometric models it is not certain how Ghana would achieve Tier 2 and 3 levels under the United Nations programme for reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation. The objective of this study is to develop a mixedspecies allometric model for use in estimating AGB for the tropical woodlands in Ghana. Destructive sampling was carried out on 745 trees(as part of charcoal production) for the development of allometric equations. Diameter at breast height(dbh, i.e. 1.3 m above ground level), total tree height(H) and wood density(ρ) were used as predictors for the models. Seven models were compared and the best model selected based on model efficiency,bias(%) and corrected Akaike Information criterion. The best model was validated by comparing its results with those of the pantropic model developed by chave et al.(Glob chang Biol 20:3177–3190, 2014) using equivalence test and conventional paired ***: The results revealed that the best model for estimating AGB in the tropical woodlands is AGB =0.0580ρ((dbh)2 H)0.999. The equivalence test showed that this model and the pantropic model developed by chave et al.(Glob chang Biol 20:3177–3190, 2014) were equivalent within ±10% of their mean predictions(p-values cant level), while the paired t-test revealed that the mean(181.44 ± 18.25 kg) of the model predictions of the best model of this s

关键词： charcoal Diameter at breast height Tree height Wood density Savannah woodland

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changes in cinnamic Acid Derivatives Associated with the Habituation of Maize cells to Dichlobenil

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Molecular Plant 2011年第5期4卷 869-878页

作者： Hugo Melida Jesus Alvarez Jose Luis Acebes Antonio Encina stephen c. Fry Area de Fisiologia Vegetal Facultad de CC Biologicas y Ambientales Universidad de Leon E-24071 Leon Spain Edinburgh cell Wall Group Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences School of Biological Sciences University of Edinburgh Daniel Rutherford Building The King＇s Buildings Edinburgh EH9 3JH UK

The habituation of cell cultures to cellulose biosynthesis inhibitors such as dichlobenil （DcB） represents a valu- able tool to improve our knowledge of the mechanisms involved in plant cell wall structural plasticity. Maize cell lines habituated to lethal concentrations of DcB were able to grow through the acquisition of a modified cell wall in which cellulose was partially replaced by a more extensive network of arabinoxylans. The aim of this work was to investigate the phenolic metabolism of non-habituated and DcB-habituated maize cell cultures. Maize cell cultures were fed [14c]cinnamate and the fate of the radioactivity in different intra-protoplasmic and wall-localized fractions throughout the culture cycle was analyzed by autoradiography and scintillation counting. Non-habituated and habituated cultures did not markedly differ in their ability to uptake exogenous [14c]cinnamic acid. However, interesting differences were found in the radiolabeling of low- and high-Mr metabolites. Habituated cultures displayed a higher number and amount of radiola-beled low-Mr compounds, which could act as reserves later used for polysaccharide feruloylation. DcB-habituated cultures were highly enriched in esterified [14c]dehydrodiferulates and larger coupling products. In conclusion, an extensive and early cross-linking of hydroxycinnamates was observed in DcB-habituated cultures, probably strengthening their cellulose-deficient walls.

关键词： cell wall Zea mays maize dichlobenil DcB dehydrodiferulate ferulate cinnamic acid.

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converging multi-modality datasets to build efficient drug repositioning pipelines against Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias

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Medical Review 2022年第1期2卷 110-113页

作者： Zheng Yin stephen T.c.Wong Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering Houston Methodist Cancer Center and Ting Tsung&Wei Fong Chao Center for BRAINHouston Methodist Research InstituteWeill Cornell MedicineHouston 77030TXUSA

Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias(AD/ADRD)affects more than 50 million people worldwide but there is no clear therapeutic option affordable for the general patient ***,drug repositioning studies featuring collaborations between academic institutes,medical centers,and hospitals are generating novel therapeutics candidates against these devastating diseases and filling in an important area for healthcare that is poorly represented by pharmaceutical *** drug repositioning studies converge expertise from bioinformatics,chemical informatics,medical informatics,artificial intelligence,high throughput and high-content screening and systems *** also take advantage of multi-scale,multi-modality datasets,ranging from transcriptomic and proteomic data,electronical medical records,and medical imaging to social media information of patient behaviors and emotions and epidemiology profiles of disease populations,in order to gain comprehensive understanding of disease mechanisms and drug *** proposed a recursive drug repositioning paradigm involving the iteration of three processing steps of modeling,prediction,and validation to identify known drugs and bioactive compounds for AD/*** recursive paradigm has the potential of quickly obtaining a panel of robust novel drug candidates for AD/ADRD and gaining in-depth understanding of disease mechanisms from those repositioned drug candidates,subsequently improving the success rate of predicting novel hits.

关键词： Alzheimer’s disease drug repositioning modeling multi-omics prediction systems biology validation.

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A functional tacrolimus-releasing nerve wrap for enhancing nerve regeneration following surgical nerve repair

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第1期20卷 291-304页

作者： Simeon c.Daeschler Katelyn J.W.So Konstantin Feinberg Marina Manoraj Jenny cheung Jennifer Zhang Kaveh Mirmoeini JPaul Santerre Tessa Gordon Gregory HBorschel SickKids Research Institute Neuroscience and Mental Health ProgramTorontoONCanada Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering University of TorontoTorontoONCanada Indiana University School of Medicine IndianapolisINUSA Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery the Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoONCanada Translational Biology and Engineering Program Ted Rogers Centre for Heart ResearchInstitute of Biomedical EngineeringFaculty of DentistryUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada

Axonal regeneration following surgical nerve repair is slow and often incomplete,resulting in poor functional recovery which sometimes contributes to lifelong ***,there are no FDA-approved therapies available to promote nerve *** accelerates axonal regeneration,but systemic side effects presently outweigh its potential benefits for peripheral nerve *** authors describe herein a biodegradable polyurethane-based drug delivery system for the sustained local release of tacrolimus at the nerve repair site,with suitable properties for scalable production and clinical application,aiming to promote nerve regeneration and functional recovery with minimal systemic drug *** is encapsulated into co-axially electrospun polycarbonate-urethane nanofibers to generate an implantable nerve wrap that releases therapeutic doses of bioactive tacrolimus over 31 *** and drug loading are adjustable for applications in small and large caliber nerves,and the wrap degrades within 120 days into biocompatible *** released from the nerve wrap promotes axon elongation in vitro and accelerates nerve regeneration and functional recovery in preclinical nerve repair models while off-target systemic drug exposure is reduced by 80%compared with systemic *** its surgical suitability and preclinical efficacy and safety,this system may provide a readily translatable approach to support axonal regeneration and recovery in patients undergoing nerve surgery.

关键词： biodegradable local drug delivery nerve injury nerve regeneration nerve wrap tacrolimus

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Mineral sulphide-lime reactions and effect of caO/c mole ratio during carbothermic reduction of complex mineral sulphides

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2014年第1期21卷 1-11页

作者： Yotamu stephen Rainford Hara Institute for Materials Research(IMR) School of ProcessEnvironmental and Materials Engineering(SPEME)University of Leeds

Mineral sulphide （MS）-lime （caO） ion exchange reactions （MS ＋ caO = MO ＋ caS） and the effect of caO/c mole ratio during carbothermic reduction （MS ＋ caO ＋ c = M ＋ caS ＋ cO（g）） were investigated for complex froth flotation mineral sulphide concentrates. Phases in the partially and fully reacted samples were characterised by X-ray diffraction （XRD） and scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. The primary phases during mineral sulphide-lime ion exchange reactions are Fe304, caSO4 cu2S, and caS. A complex liquid phase of ca2cuFeO3S forms during mineral sulphide-lime exchange reactions above 1173 K. The formation mechanisms of ca2cuFeO3S liquid phase are determined by characterising the partially reacted samples. The reduction rate and extent of mineral sulphides in the presence of caO and c increase with the increase in caO/c ratio. The metallic phases are surrounded by the caS rich phase at caO/c 〉 1, but the metallic phases and caS are found as separate phases at caO/c 〈 1. Experimental results show that the stoichiometric ratio of carbon should be slightly higher than that of caO. The reactions between caO and gangue minerals （SiO2 and A1203） are only observed at caO/c 〉 1 and the reacted samples are excessively sintered.

关键词： sulphide minerals ion exchange carbothermic reduction lime

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Endovascular thrombectomy for stroke: current best practice and future goals

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2016年第1期1卷 16-22页

作者： Bruce c V campbell Geoffrey A Donnan Peter J Mitchell stephen M Davis Department of Medicine and Neurology Melbourne Brain Centre at the Royal Melbourne HospitalUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia Department of Radiology Royal Melbourne HospitalUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia

Endovascular thrombectomy for large vessel ischaemic stroke substantially reduces disability,with recent positive randomised trials leading to guideline changes *** review discusses in detail the evidence provided by recent randomised trials and metaanalyses,the remaining areas of uncertainty and the future directions for *** data from existing trials have demonstrated the robust benefit of endovascular thrombectomy for internal carotid and proximal middle cerebral artery *** remains for more distal occlusions where the efficacy of alteplase is greater,less tissue is at risk and the safety of endovascular procedures is less *** artery occlusion was excluded from the trials,but with a dire natural history and proof of principle that rapid reperfusion is effective,it seems reasonable to continue treating these patients pending ongoing trial *** has been no evidence of heterogeneity in treatment effect in clinically defined subgroups by age,indeed,those aged>80 years have at least as great an overall reduction in disability and reduced *** there was no heterogeneity across the range of baseline stroke severities included in the *** that routine use of general anaesthesia reduces the benefit of endovascular thrombectomy is increasing and conscious sedation is generally preferred unless severe agitation or airway compromise is *** impact of time delays has become clearer with description of onset to imaging and imaging to reperfusion *** in the onset to imaging reduce the proportion of patients with salvageable brain ***,in the presence of favourable imaging,rapid treatment appears beneficial regardless of the onset to imaging time *** to reperfusion delays lead to decay in the clinical benefit achieved,particularly in those with less robust collateral *** brain imaging options to assess prognosis have various advantages and disadvan

关键词： routine epoch benefit

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Regional trends and petrologic factors inhibit global interpretations of zircon trace element compositions

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Geoscience Frontiers 2024年第5期15卷 300-307页

作者： Nick M.W.Roberts christopher J.Spencer stephen Puetz c.Brenhin Keller Simon Tapster Geochronology and Tracers Facility British Geological SurveyNottingham NG125GGUK Department of Geological Sciences and Geological Engineering Queen’s UniversityKingstonOntarioCanada 475 Atkinson Dr Suite 704HonoluluHI 96814USA Department of Earth Sciences Dartmouth CollegeHanoverNew HamphireUSA

The trace element composition of zircon reveals information about the melt that they are derived from,as such,detrital zircon trace element compositions can be used to interrogate melt compositions,and thus the evolution of the continental crust in time and ***,we present a global database of detrital zircon compositions and use it to test whether average global trends for five common petrogenetic proxies truly represent secular changes in continental *** demonstrate that the secular trend is broadly comparable across continental regions for Ti-in-zircon temperatures,but for other trace element ratios interrogated,secular trends are highly variable between continental *** trace element ratios result from multiple petrologic variables,we argue that these petrogenetic proxies can be overinterpreted if projected to global geologic *** particular,we caution against the interpretation of crustal thickness from trace elements in zircon,and we argue that our results negate current hypotheses concerning secular changes in crustal thickness.

关键词： Detrital zircon Trace elements Secular change Eu anomaly crustal thickness

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Multi-scale drivers of soil resistance predict vulnerability of seasonally wet meadows to trampling by pack stock animals in the Sierra Nevada,USA

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Ecological Processes 2020年第1期9卷 364-377页

作者： Joy S.Baccei Mitchel P.Mcclaran Tim J.Kuhn stephen c.Hart Environmental Systems Graduate Group University of CaliforniaMercedCA 95343USA Uc Merced Vernal Pools and Grassland Reserve UC Merced Natural Reserve SystemMercedCA 95343USA School of Natural Resources and the Environment University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85721USA Resources Management and Science Yosemite National ParkEl PortalCA 95318USA Department of Life&Environmental Sciences and Sierra Nevada Research Institute University of CaliforniaMercedCA 95343USA.

Background:Meadow ecosystems have important ecological functions and support socioeconomic services,yet are subject to multiple stressors that can lead to rapid *** the Sierra Nevada of the western USA,recreational pack stock(horses and mules)use in seasonally wet mountain meadows may lead to soil trampling and meadow degradation,especially when soil water content is high and vegetation is ***:In order to improve the ability to predict meadow vulnerability to soil disturbance from pack stock use,we measured soil resistance(SR),which is an index of vulnerability to trampling disturbance,at two spatial scales using a stratified-random sampling *** then compared SR to several soil and vegetation explanatory variables that were also measured at the two spatial scales:plant community type(local scale)and topographic gradient class(meadow scale).Results:We found that local-scale differences in drivers of SR were contingent on the meadow scale,which is important because multiple spatial scale evaluation of ecological metrics provides a broader understanding of the potential controls on ecological processes than assessments conducted at a single spatial *** also found two contrasting explanatory models for drivers of SR at the local scale:(1)soil gravimetric water content effects on soil disaggregation and(2)soil bulk density and root mass influence on soil *** resistance was insufficient to sustain pack stock use without incurring soil deformation in wet plant communities,even when plant cover was maximal during a major ***:Our study provides new information on seasonally wet meadow vulnerability to trampling by pack stock animals using multi-scale drivers of SR,including the contrasting roles of soil disaggregation,friction,and *** work aims to inform meadow management efforts in the Sierra Nevada and herbaceous ecosystems in similar regions that are subject to seasonal soil saturation and livestock u

关键词： Hydrogeomorphic classification Hydrologic regime Pack stock Plant communities Soil properties Soil strength

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characterization of isolated homogeneous hypersurface singularities in c^4

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Science china Mathematics 2006年第11期49卷 1576-1592页

作者： YAU stephen S T Department of Mathematics Statistics and computer Science University of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIL 60607-7045USA

Let V be a hypersurface with an isolated singularity at the origin in cn+1. It is a natural question to ask when V is defined by weighted homogeneous polynomial or homogeneous polynomial up to biholomorphic change of coordinates. In 1971, a beautiful theorem of Saito gives a necessary and sufficient condition for V to be defined by a weighted homogeneous polynomial. For a two-dimensional isolated hypersurface singularity V, Xu and Yau found a coordinate free characterization for V to be defined by a homogeneous polynomial. Recently Lin and Yau gave necessary and sufficient conditions for a 3-dimensional isolated hypersurface singularity with geometric genus bigger than zero to be defined by a homogeneous polynomial. The purpose of this paper is to prove that Lin-Yau's theorem remains true for singularities with geometric genus equal to zero.

关键词： homogeneous polynomials, hypersurface singularity, weighted homogeneous polynomial, geometric genus.

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