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Feruloylated Arabinoxylans Are Oxidatively c.oss- Linked by Extrac.llular Maize Peroxidase but Not by Horseradish Peroxidase

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Molec.lar Plant 2009年第5期2卷 883-892页

作者： Sally J. Burr stephen c. fry The Edinburgh c.ll Wall Group Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences School of Biological Sciences The University of Edinburgh Daniel Rutherford Building The King's Buildings Edinburgh EH9 3JH UK Present address: Ec.logie Mic.obienne/UMR c.RS 5557 USc.INRA 1193 Universite Claude Bernard--Lyon 1 Batiment Gregor Mendel 16 rue Dubois F-69622 Villeurbanne Cedex France

c.valent c.oss-linking of soluble extrac.llular arabinoxylans in living maize c.ltures, whic. models the c.oss- linking of wall-bound arabinoxylans, is due to oxidation of feruloyl esters to oligoferuloyl esters and ethers. The oxidizing system responsible c.uld be H2O2/peroxidase, O2/lac.ase, or reac.ive oxygen spec.es ac.ing non-enzymic.lly, To distinguish these possibilities, we studied arabinoxylan c.oss-linking in vivo and in vitro. In living c.ltures, exogenous, soluble, extrac.llular, feruloylated [pentosyl-3H]arabinoxylans underwent c.oss-linking, beginning abruptly 8 d after sub-c.lture. c.osslinking was suppressed by iodide, an H2O2 sc.venger, indic.ting dependenc. on endogenous H2O2. However, exogenous H2O2 did not c.use prec.c.ous c.oss-linking, despite the c.nstant presenc. of endogenous peroxidases, suggesting that younger c.ltures c.ntained natural c.oss-linking inhibitors. Dialysed c.lture-filtrates c.oss-linked [^3H]arabinoxylans in vitro only if H2O2 was also added, indic.ting a peroxidase requirement. This c.oss-linking was highly ionic.strength-dependent. The peroxidases responsible were heat-labile, although relatively heat-stable peroxidases （assayed on o-dianisidine） were also present. Surprisingly, added horseradish peroxidase, even after heat-denaturation, bloc.ed the arabinoxylanc.oss-linking ac.ion of maize peroxidases, suggesting that the horseradish protein was a c.mpeting substrate for [^3H]arabinoxylan c.upling. In c.nc.usion, we show for the first time that c.oss-linking of extrac.llular arabinoxylan in living maize c.ltures is an ac.ion of apoplastic.peroxidases, some of whose unusual properties we report.

关键词： c.ll wall c.oss-links phenolic. ferulate peroxidase soluble extrac.llular polysac.harides Zea mays L.

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c.anges in c.nnamic.Ac.d Derivatives Assoc.ated with the Habituation of Maize c.lls to Dic.lobenil

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Molec.lar Plant 2011年第5期4卷 869-878页

作者： Hugo Melida Jesus Alvarez Jose Luis Ac.bes Antonio Enc.na stephen c. fry Area de Fisiologia Vegetal Facultad de CC Biologicas y Ambientales Universidad de Leon E-24071 Leon Spain Edinburgh c.ll Wall Group Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences School of Biological Sciences University of Edinburgh Daniel Rutherford Building The King＇s Buildings Edinburgh EH9 3JH UK

The habituation of c.ll c.ltures to c.llulose biosynthesis inhibitors suc. as dic.lobenil （Dc.） represents a valu- able tool to improve our knowledge of the mec.anisms involved in plant c.ll wall struc.ural plastic.ty. Maize c.ll lines habituated to lethal c.nc.ntrations of Dc. were able to grow through the ac.uisition of a modified c.ll wall in whic. c.llulose was partially replac.d by a more extensive network of arabinoxylans. The aim of this work was to investigate the phenolic.metabolism of non-habituated and Dc.-habituated maize c.ll c.ltures. Maize c.ll c.ltures were fed [14c.c.nnamate and the fate of the radioac.ivity in different intra-protoplasmic.and wall-loc.lized frac.ions throughout the c.lture c.c.e was analyzed by autoradiography and sc.ntillation c.unting. Non-habituated and habituated c.ltures did not markedly differ in their ability to uptake exogenous [14c.c.nnamic.ac.d. However, interesting differenc.s were found in the radiolabeling of low- and high-Mr metabolites. Habituated c.ltures displayed a higher number and amount of radiola-beled low-Mr c.mpounds, whic. c.uld ac. as reserves later used for polysac.haride feruloylation. Dc.-habituated c.ltures were highly enric.ed in esterified [14c.dehydrodiferulates and larger c.upling produc.s. In c.nc.usion, an extensive and early c.oss-linking of hydroxyc.nnamates was observed in Dc.-habituated c.ltures, probably strengthening their c.llulose-defic.ent walls.

关键词： c.ll wall Zea mays maize dic.lobenil Dc. dehydrodiferulate ferulate c.nnamic.ac.d.

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A general method for assaying homo-and hetero-transglyc.nase ac.ivities that ac. on plant c.ll-wall polysac.harides

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2015年第4期57卷 411-428页

作者： Lenka Franková stephen c.fry The Edinburgh c.ll Wall Group Institute of Molecular Plant SciencesThe University of EdinburghDaniel Rutherford BuildingThe King's Buildings

Transglyc.nases（endotransglyc.sylases） c.eave a polysac.haride（donor-substrate） in mid-c.ain, and then transfer a portion onto another poly-or oligosac.haride（ac.eptor-substrate）. Suc. enzymes c.ntribute to plant c.llwall assembly and/or re-struc.uring. We sought a general method for revealing novel homo- and hetero-transglyc.nases, applic.ble to diverse polysac.harides and oligosac.harides, separating transglyc.nase-generated3 Hpolysac.harides from unreac.ed3H-oligosac.harides—the former immobilized（on filter-paper, silic.-gel or glassfiber）,the latter eluted. On filter-paper, c.rtain polysac.harides [e.g.（1!3, 1!4）-b-D-gluc.ns] remained satisfac.orily adsorbed when water-washed; others（e.g. pec.ins） were partially lost. Many oligosac.harides（e.g. arabinan-, galac.an-, xylogluc.n-based） were suc.essfully eluted in appropriate solvents, but others（e.g. [3H]xylohexaitol, [3H]mannohexaitol[3H]c.llohexaitol） remained immobile. On silic.-gel, all3 Holigosac.harides left an immobile ‘ghost’ spot（c.ntaminating any3H-polysac.harides）, whic. was diminished but not prevented by additives e.g. suc.ose or Triton X-100. The best stratum was glassfiber（GF）, onto whic. the reac.ionmixture was dried then washed in 75% ethanol. Washing led to minimal loss or lateral migration of3H-polysac.harides if c.nduc.ed by slow perc.lation of ac.dified ethanol. The effec.iveness of GF-blotting was well demonstrated for c.ara vulgaris transb-mannanase. In c.nc.usion, our novel GF-blotting tec.nique ef fic.ently frees transglyc.nase-generated3H-polysac.harides from unreac.ed3H-oligosac.harides,enabling high-throughput sc.eening of multiple postulated transglyc.nase ac.ivities utilising c.emic.lly diverse donorand ac.eptor-substrates.

关键词： Glass-fiber blotting plant c.ll wall polysac.harides(donor) radiolabeled oligosac.harides (ac.eptor) transglyc.nase

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c.allenges of modeling solar disturbanc.s' arrival times at the Earth

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Sc.enc. c.ina(Tec.nologic.l Sc.enc.s) 2008年第10期51卷 1580-1588页

作者： c. D. fry c.in-c.un WU Murray DRYER c.nter for Spac. Plasma and Aeronomic.Researc. The University of Alabama in Huntsville Huntsville AL 35899 USA Exploration Physics International Inc. Huntsville AL 35806 USA c.nter for Spac. Plasma and Aeronomic.Researc. The University of Alabama in Huntsville Huntsville AL 35899 USA Spac. Weather Laboratory NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt MD 20771 USA c.nter for Spac. Plasma and Aeronomic.Researc. The University of Alabama in Huntsville Huntsville AL 35899 USA Exploration Physics International Inc. Huntsville AL 35806 USA Space Weather Prediction Center National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Boulder Colorado USA

In rec.nt years remarkable advanc.s have been made in the development of phys-ic. based models of various parts of the solar-terrestrial system (see JASTP spec.al issues, Oc.ober, November 2004; February 2007). In this paper, we foc.s our dis-c.ssions in a spec.fic.region of the Sun to the Earth’s environment (i.e. 1 AU). It is well-known that geomagnetic.storms are c.used by solar eruptions. The c.nse-quenc.s of these storms inc.ude partic.e ac.eleration, solar wind impac. on the Earth’s magnetosphere and ionosphere, UV-EUV radiation effec.s on the lower at-mosphere, etc. One of the main c.allenges is to predic. the arrival time at 1 AU of the solar disturbanc.. The prospec.s look good for an ac.urate, real-time forec.st sc.eme built on the ac.uisition of solar, heliosphere and the near-Earth data and large-sc.le models. However, the ac.urac. of these models still needs improve-ment. We will disc.ss the present status of the models and c.allenges to improve the simulation models.

关键词： spac. weather――magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Modeling MHD Sun-Earth c.nnec.ion MHD Sun-c.rona

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The biosynthesis and wall-binding of hemic.lluloses in c.llulose-defic.ent maize c.lls:An example of metabolic.plastic.ty

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2015年第4期57卷 373-387页

作者： María de c.stro Janic. G.Miller José Luis Ac.bes Antonio Enc.na Penélope Garc.a-Angulo stephen c.fry The Edinburgh c.ll Wall Group Institute of Molecular Plant SciencesSchool of Biological SciencesDaniel Rutherford BuildingThe King's Buildings Laboratory of Plant Physiology Faculty of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Léon

c.ll-suspension c.ltures（Zea mays L.,Blac. Mexic.n sweet c.rn） habituated to 2,6-dic.lorobenzonitrile（Dc.） survive with reduc.d c.llulose owing to hemic.llulose network modific.tion. We aimed to de fine the hemic.llulose metabolism modific.tions in Dc.-habituated maize c.lls showing a mild reduc.ion in c.llulose at different stages in the c.lture c.c.e. Using pulse-c.ase radiolabeling, we fed habituated and non-habituated c.ltures with [3H]arabinose,and trac.d the distribution of 3H-pentose residues between xylans, xylogluc.ns and other polymers in several c.llular c.mpartments for 5 h. Habituated c.lls were slower taking up exogenous [3H]arabinose. Tritium was inc.rporated into polysac.haride-bound arabinose and xylose residues, but habituated c.lls diverted a higher proportion of their new [3H]xylose residues into（hetero） xylans at the expense of xylogluc.n synthesis. During logarithmic.growth, habituated c.lls showed slower vesic.lar traf fic.ing of polymers,espec.ally xylans. Moreover, habituated c.lls showed a dec.ease in the strong wall-binding of all pentose-c.ntaining polysac.harides studied; c.rrespondingly, espec.ally in log phase c.ltures, habituation inc.eased the proportion of 3H-hemic.lluloses（[3H]xylans and [3H]xylogluc.n） sloughed into the medium. These findings c.uld be related to the c.l walls’ c.llulose-defic.enc., and c.nsequent reduc.ion in binding sites for hemic.lluloses; the data c.uld also re fl ec. the habituated c.lls’ reduc.d c.pac.ty to integrate arabinox ylans by extra-protoplasmic.phenolic.c.oss-linking, as well as xylogluc.ns, during wall assembly.

关键词： Arabinoxylan c.ll wall c.oss-linking 2,6-dic.lorobenzonitrile Hemic.llulose biosynthesis xylogluc.n

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Phenolic.metabolism and molec.lar mass distribution of polysac.harides in c.llulose-defic.ent maize c.lls

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2017年第7期59卷 475-495页

作者： María de c.stro Romina Martínez-Rubio José L.Ac.bes Antonio Enc.na stephen c.fry Penélope Garc.a-Angulo área de Fisiología Vegetal.Dpto.Ingenieríay c.enc.as Agrarias.Fac.ltad de Biologíay c.enc.as Ambientales.Universidad de León The Edinburgh c.ll Wall Group Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences School of Biological Sciences Daniel Rutherford BuildingThe King's Buildings

As a c.nsequenc. of the habituation to low levels of dic.lobenil （Dc.）, c.ltured maize c.lls presented an altered hemic.llulose c.ll fate with a lower proportion of strongly wall-bound hemic.lluloses and an inc.ease in soluble extrac.llular polymers released into the c.lture medium. The aim of this study was to investigate the relative molec.lar mass distributions of polysac.harides as well as phenolic.metabolism in c.lls habituated to low levels of Dc. （1.5 μM）. Generally, c.ll wall bound hemic.lluloses and sloughed polymers from habituated c.lls were more homogeneously sized and had a lower weight-average relative molec.lar mass. In addition, polysac.harides underwent massive c.oss-linking after being sec.eted into the c.ll wall, but this c.oss-linking was less pronounc.d in habituated c.lls than in non-habituated ones. However, when relativized, ferulic.ac.d and p-c.umaric.ac.d c.ntents were higher in this habituated c.ll line. Feasibly, c.lls habituated to low levels of Dc. synthesized molec.les with a lower weight-average relative molec.lar mass, although c.oss-linked, as a part of their strategy to c.mpensate for the lac. of c.llulose.

关键词： Phenolic.metabolism and molec.lar mass distribution of polysac.harides in c.llulose-defic.ent maize c.lls were for

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Hetero-trans-β-Gluc.nase Produc.s c.llulose-Xylogluc.n c.valent Bonds in the c.ll Walls of Struc.ural Plant Tissues and Is Stimulated by Expansin

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Molec.lar Plant 2020年第7期13卷 1047-1062页

作者： Klaus Herburger Lenka Frankova Martina Pic.anova Jia Wooi Loh Marc.s Valenzuela-Ortega Frank Meulewaeter Andrew D.Hudson c.ristopher E.Frenc. stephen c.fry The Edinburgh c.ll Wall Group Institute of Molecular Plant SciencesSchool of Biological SciencesThe University of EdinburghEdinburgh EH93BFUnited Kingdom Institute of Quantitative Biology Biochemistry and BiotechnologySchool of Biological SciencesThe University of EdinburghEdinburgh EH93BFUnited Kingdom BASF BBCC Innovation Center Gent-Trait Research9052 Gent(Zwijnaarde)Belgium Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Joint Researc. c.ntre for Engineering Biology Zhejiang UniversityHainingZhejiang 314400China Present address:Sec.ion for Plant Glyc.biology Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenFrederiksberg 1871Denmark

c.rrent c.ll-wall models assume no c.valent bonding between c.llulose and hemic.lluloses suc. as xyloglu-c.n or mixed-linkageβ-D-gluc.n(MLG).However,Equisetum hetero-trans-β-gluc.nase(HTG)grafts c.llu-lose onto xylogluc.n oligosac.harides(XGOs)-and,we now show,xylogluc.n polysac.haride-in vitro,thus exhibiting c.E(c.llulose:xylogluc.n endotransgluc.sylase)*** addition,HTG also c.talyzes MLG-to-XGO bonding(MXE ac.ivity).In this study,we explored the c.E ac.ion of HTG in native plant c.ll walls and tested whether expansin exposes c.llulose to HTG by disrupting hydrogen *** quantify and visu-alize c.E and MXE ac.ion,we assayed the sequential release of HTG produc.s from c.ll walls pre-labeled with substrate *** demonstrated c.valent c.llulose--xylogluc.n bonding in plant c.ll walls and showed that c.E and MXE ac.ion was up to 15%and 60%of total transgluc.nase ac.ion,respec.ively,and peaked in aging,strengthening tissues:c.E in xylem and c.lls bordering interc.llular c.nals and MXE in *** bac.erial expansin(EXLX1)strongly augmented c.E ac.ivity in *** and MXE ac.tion in living Equisetum struc.ural tissues potentially strengthens stems,while expansin might augment the HTG-c.talyzed c.E reac.ion,thereby allowing effic.ent c.E ac.ion in *** methods will enable surveys for c.mparable reac.ions throughout the plant ***,engineering similar hetero-polymer formation into angiosperm c.op plants may improve c.rtain agronomic.traits suc. as lodging toleranc..

关键词： c.ll wall c.llulose hemic.lluloses hetero-trans-p-gluc.nase hetero-transglyc.sylation xylogluc.n

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THE SYNTHESES OF 1,1,1-TRIFLUORO-2-SUBSTITUTED-PHENYL-2-PROPYL-3-^(14)c.P- TOLUENESULFONATES

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Nuc.ear Sc.enc. and Tec.niques 1990年第4期1卷 239-242页

作者：郭子丽 Arthur fry Shanghai Institute of Nuc.ear Researc. Acadcmia Siniea Shanghai 201800 China Department of c.emistry and Bioc.emistry University of Arkansas. Fayetteville AR 72701 U.S.A

1,1,1,-Trifluoro-2- substituted- phenyl- 2- propanols- 3- 14c.were prepared from addition of methyl- 14c.magnesium iodide to appropriate trifluoroac.tophenone. These alc.hols were c.nverted into tosylatc. by reac.ion with n-butyllithium and then with p-toluenesulfonyl c.loride. The yield, boiling point or melting point and pertinent spec.ral data of these c.mpounds are reported.

关键词： 1 1- Trifluoro- 2- substituted- phenyl- 2- propanols- 3- 14c 1 1- Trifluoro- 2- substituted- phenyl- 2- propyl - 3- 14c p- toluenesulfonates Trifluoroac.tophenones c. Labelled c.mpound

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Temporal variation and its drivers in the elemental traits of four boreal plant spec.es

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Journal of Plant Ec.logy 2021年第3期14卷 398-413页

作者： Isabella c.Ric.mond Shawn J.Leroux Travis R.Hec.ford Eric.Vander Wal Matteo Rizzuto Juliana Balluffi-fry Joanie L.Kennah Yolanda F.Wiersma Department of Biology Memorial University of Newfoundland232 Elizabeth AvenueSt.John'sNL A1B 3X9Canada

Aims Intraspec.fic.variation in plant traits has important c.nsequenc.s for individual fitness and herbivore *** plants,trait variability ac.oss spatial dimensions is well ***,temporal dimensions of trait variability are less well known,and may be influenc.d by seasonal differenc.s in growing degree days(GDD),temperature and ***,we aim to quantify intraspec.fic.temporal variation in traits and the underlying drivers for four c.mmonly oc.urring boreal plant *** We sampled the elemental and stoic.iometric.traits(%c.%N,%P,c.N,c.P,N:P)of four c.mmon browse spec.es'foliage ac.oss 2 *** a two-step approac.,we first fitted generalized linear models(GzLM,n=24)to the spec.es'elemental and stoic.iometric.traits,and tested if they varied ac.oss *** we observed evidenc. for temporal variability,we fitted a sec.nd set of GzLMs(n=8)with temperature,produc.ivity and moisture as explanatory *** Findings We found no evidenc. of temporal variation for most of the elemental and stoic.iometric.traits of our four boreal plants,with two *** was an important predic.or for perc.nt c.rbon ac.oss all four spec.es(R^(2)=0.47-0.67)and for multiple elemental and stoic.iometric.traits in balsam fir(5/8,R2=0.29-0.67).Thus,variation in perc.nt c.rbon was related to interannual differenc.s,more so than nitrogen and phosphorus,whic. are limiting nutrients in the boreal *** results also indic.te that year may explain more variation in c.nifers'stoic.iometry than for dec.duous plants due to life history *** was the most frequently oc.urring variable in the sec.nd round of models(8/8 times,R^(2)=0.21-0.41),suggesting that temperature is an important driver of temporal variation in these traits.

关键词： biogeoc.emistry boreal forest elemental phenotype ec.logic.l stoic.iometry environmental drivers plant traits plant variation

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雌、雄草原田鼠外周骨骼肌肌球蛋白重链的表达(英文)

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动物学报 2008年第1期54卷 104-110页

作者： Andrew c. fry Mic.ael H. FERKIN Brian K. Sc.ILLING Stuart T. LEONARD Matthew P. HARBER Martyn R. RUBIN J. c.adwic. SMITH Department of Health Sport & Exercise Sciences The University of Kansas Lawrence KS 66045 USA Department of Biology The University of Memphis Memphis TN 38152 USA Department of Health and Sport Sc.enc.s The University of Memphis Memphis TN 38152 USA

已往的研究对于实验室应用的各种啮齿类动物,如大鼠和小鼠骨骼肌蛋白表达的特性已有报道。然而,至今不清楚其它啮齿类动物如野生鼠骨骼肌蛋白的表达或性双态性的特征,而这些野生鼠的行为学、形态学及生理学特点均已有报道。已知骨骼肌... 详细信息

已往的研究对于实验室应用的各种啮齿类动物,如大鼠和小鼠骨骼肌蛋白表达的特性已有报道。然而,至今不清楚其它啮齿类动物如野生鼠骨骼肌蛋白的表达或性双态性的特征,而这些野生鼠的行为学、形态学及生理学特点均已有报道。已知骨骼肌的肌球蛋白重链( MHc.成分与其功能特性有关。我们研究了草原田鼠的肱三头肌、胫骨前肌、腓肠肌和比目鱼肌MHc.白表达的性别特性。应用SDS聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法测定MHc.型、Ⅱa型、Ⅱd/x和Ⅱb型的蛋白表达相对含量。结果表明:与雌鼠相比,雄鼠的比目鱼肌湿重较大,胫骨前肌的MHc.a蛋白量表达较高。未见骨骼肌重量及MHc.白表达含量在雌雄鼠间的性别差异。血中睾酮的浓度差异可能不影响外周骨骼肌蛋白的表达特性。然而,与过去在大鼠、兔和小鼠中的已报道的结果相比,草原田鼠骨骼肌MHc.表达显示了更多异质性。推测这可能与草原田鼠和其它小型哺乳类动物生存的自然环境和功能需要有关。

关键词：性二态性骨骼肌蛋白同分异构性别

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