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Infectious Disease Modelling 2023年第2期8卷 458-470页

作者： Archana Singh Bhadauria Hom Nath Dhungana Vinay Verma stephen woodcock Tapan Rai Department of Mathematics and Statistics Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur UniversityIndia School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences University of Technology SydneyAustralia Faculty of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences Institute of Natural Sciences and HumanitiesShri Ramswaroop Memorial UniversityUttar PradeshIndia

India has the highest burden of both tuberculosis(TB)and multidrug-resistant TB(MDRTB)based on the WHO Global TB Report *** the available data suggest that the total TB incidence has declined,the absolute number of new cases is still *** number of reported TB cases in India in 2018 was 2.2 million,which was 1.5 million in *** 47%increment in TB case notification in India within a decade shows a persistent public health *** contributes about 22%of the World's TB *** National Strategic Plan 2017e2025,sets out the government plans to eliminate TB by ***,the milestone seems unrealistic to achieve the TB eradication goal by *** developed a five-dimensional mathematical model to understand the TB dynamics in India and investigate the possibility of the earliest TB eradication time *** model stratifies the entire TB class into three different classes as drug-sensitive(DS),MDR,and isolated *** effective reproduction number,equilibrium points,and stability analysis of the model were carried *** model predicts the total estimated cases of DS-TB and MDR-TB from 2018 to 2035 through numerical simulation and suggests that TB may be eliminated by 2035 in India if the treatment success rate could be achieved to 95%,by contact tracing and isolating at least 50%of MDR-TB.

关键词： Multi-drug resistant Drug-sensitive Isolation Reproduction number Mathematical modelling

Advances in FDA's Safety Program for Marketed Drugs FDA Continues to Lead in Precision Medicine

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Journal of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences 2015年第4期24卷 268-271页

作者： Janet woodcock

Everyone knows that different people don’t respond the same way to medications,and that'one size does not fit all.'FDA has been pushing for targeted drug therapies,sometimes called'personalized medicines'or'precision... 详细信息

关键词： FDA 安全计划药品医学上市药物治疗铅个性化

Vascular emergencies in cholelithiasis and cholecystectomy: our experience with two cases and literature review

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2008年第2期7卷 217-220页

作者： Narasimhaiah Srinivasaiah Maneesh Bhojak Ralph Jackson Sean woodcock Department of Surgery North Tyneside General Hospital Tyne and Wear UK Department of Radiology Freeman Hospital Tyne and Wear UK

BACKGROUND:Complications from gallstones and laparoscopic cholecystectomy can be serious and fatal if there is a delay in recognition and treatment. We aim to present two unusual, life threatening vascular complications as a result of gallstones and laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Their management is highlighted with a brief review of literature. METHODS:Data for the article were gathered from clinical case note review. Radiology database was used for images. A brief literature review was undertaken using Pubmed search. The keyword used included hemobilia, pseudoaneurysm, arterio-biliary fistula and laparoscopic cholecystectomy. RESULTS:The article highlights two individual case reports. The first case constitutes an 81-year woman who had cystic arterial erosion causing hematemesis, while the second patient was a 57-year man who presented with hemobilia from a pseudoaneurysm of right hepatic artery (RHA) following laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Cystic arterial erosion was treated with subtotal cholecystectomy with duodenal defect closure while the pseudoaneurysm underwent radiological intervention. CONCLUSIONS:Cystic artery erosion and pseudoaneurysm causing arteriobiliary fistula are rare vascular complications related to the biliary tree. A high index of suspicion and timely intervention is important. Trauma to arteries should be avoided during laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

关键词： laparoscopic cholecystectomy hemobilia hematemesis pseudoaneurysm

Nanoscale chemical segregation to twin interfaces in τ-MnAl-C and resulting effects on the magnetic properties

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2023年第3期134卷 22-32页

作者： Panpan Zhao Markus Gusenbauer Harald Oezelt Daniel Wolf Thomas Gemming Thomas Schrefl Kornelius Nielsch Thomas George woodcock Leibniz IFW Dresden Helmholtzstr.20Dresden 01069Germany TU Dresden Institute of Materials ScienceDresden 01062Germany Department for Integrated Sensor Systems Danube University KremsKrems an der Donau 3500Austria

In this study,aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy coupled with electron energy-loss spectroscopy(STEM-EELS)was used to investigate the atomistic structure and chemical com-position of true twin and order twin boundaries in ferromagneticτ-*** twins and order twins were distinguished based on the diffraction patterns using *** elemental segregation was observed at the coherent true twin boundary but some Mn enrichment within a region of about 1.5-2 nm was found at the incoherent true twin boundary.A transition region with Mn enrichment about 4-6 nm wide was found at the order twin boundary.A carbon cluster with a size of around 5 nm was also found at the twin *** simulations were conducted to study the effect of this chemical seg-regation at twin interfaces on the magnetic *** results showed that the coercivity tends to increase with increasing structural and chemical disorder at the interface.

关键词： τ-MnAl-C Twin boundaries Elemental segregation STEM-EELS Micromagnetic simulations

Decoupling path-scattering of light in a homogeneous layer and multiple bouncing at its non-Lambertian bottom

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 1996年第6期39卷 656-669页

作者：李小文倪文革胡宝新 C.woodcock A.Strahler Institute of Remote Sensing Application Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101.China Department of Geography an Center for Remote Sensing Boston University 725 Commonwealth Avenue.Boston.MA 02215.USA

Radiative transfer theories are usually used to calculate light transmitted and reflected on a layer of homogeneous *** if the layer has limited optical thickness and a non-Lamhertian lower bound,the multiple bouncing between the layer and the lower bound will be coupled with the multiple scattering within the layer,thus making the solution very *** atmospheric correction for FOS MODIS MISR BRDF product and modeling shortwave absorption of snow under forest canopies,it is found that two complicated and apparently different cases can he handled similarly by decoupling the problem into two simpler and more basic formulations.i.e anahtical approximations ot path scattering i.e assuming a perfect absorbing lower bound: and the multiple bouncing between the layer and ils non-Lamhertian lower bound.

关键词： remote sensing of vegetation radiative transfer multiple scattering. multiple

Extracting local nucleation fields in permanent magnets using machine learning

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npj Computational Materials 2020年第1期6卷 924-933页

作者： Markus Gusenbauer Harald Oezelt Johann Fischbacher Alexander Kovacs Panpan Zhao Thomas George woodcock Thomas Schrefl Department for Integrated Sensor Systems Danube University KremsKrems an der DonauAustria Institute for Metallic Materials Leibniz IFW DresdenDresdenGermany

Microstructural features play an important role in the quality of permanent *** coercivity is greatly influenced by crystallographic defects,like twin boundaries,as is well known for *** would be very useful to be able to predict the macroscopic coercivity from microstructure *** this is not possible now,in the present work we examine a related question,namely the prediction of simulated nucleation fields of a quasi-three-dimensional(rescaled and extruded)system constructed from a two-dimensional image.

关键词： microstructure permanent magnets

Thermodynamics of Criticality: Percolation Loci, Mesophases and a Critical Dividing Line in Binary-Liquid and Liquid-Gas Equilibria

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Journal of Modern Physics 2016年第8期7卷 760-773页

作者： Leslie V. woodcock Department of Physics University of Algarve Faro Portugal

High-temperature and pressure boundaries of the liquid and gas states have not been defined thermodynamically. Standard liquid-state physics texts use either critical isotherms or isobars as ad hoc boundaries in phase diagrams. Here we report that percolation transition loci can define liquid and gas states, extending from super-critical temperatures or pressures to “ideal gas” states. Using computational methodology described previously we present results for the thermodynamic states at which clusters of excluded volume (VE) and pockets of available volume (VA), for a spherical molecule diameter σ, percolate the whole volume (V = VE + VA) of the ideal gas. The molecular-reduced temperature (T)/pressure(p) ratios ( ) for the percolation transitions are = 1.495 ± 0.015 and = 1.100 ± 0.015. Further MD computations of percolation loci, for the Widom-Rowlinson (W-R) model of a partially miscible binary liquid (A-B), show the connection between the ideal gas percolation transitions and the 1st-order phase-separation transition. A phase diagram for the penetrable cohesive sphere (PCS) model of a one-component liquid-gas is then obtained by analytic transcription of the W-R model thermodynamic properties. The PCS percolation loci extend from a critical coexistence of gas plus liquid to the low-density limit ideal gas. Extended percolation loci for argon, determined from literature equation-of-state measurements exhibit similar phenomena. When percolation loci define phase bounds, the liquid phase spans the whole density range, whereas the gas phase is confined by its percolation boundary within an area of low T and p on the density surface. This is contrary to a general perception and opens a debate on the definitions of gaseous and liquid states.

关键词： Thermodynamics Criticality Percolation Transition Ideal Gas: Liquid State

Rigidity Symmetry Line for Thermodynamic Fluid Equations-of-State

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Journal of Modern Physics 2024年第5期15卷 613-633页

作者： Leslie V. woodcock Department of Physics University of Algarve Faro Portugal

We report progress towards a modern scientific description of thermodynamic properties of fluids following the discovery (in 2012) of a coexisting critical density hiatus and a supercritical mesophase defined by percolation transitions. The state functions density ρ(p,T), and Gibbs energy G(p,T), of fluids, e.g. CO2, H2O and argon exhibit a symmetry characterised by the rigidity, ω = (dp/dρ)T, between gaseous and liquid states along any isotherm from critical (Tc) to Boyle (TB) temperatures, on either side of the supercritical mesophase. Here, using experimental data for fluid argon, we investigate the low-density cluster physics description of an ideal dilute gas that obeys Dalton’s partial pressure law. Cluster expansions in powers of density relate to a supercritical liquid-phase rigidity symmetry (RS) line (ω = ρrs(T) = RT) to gas phase virial coefficients. We show that it is continuous in all derivatives, linear within stable fluid phase, and relates analytically to the Boyle-work line (BW) (w = (p/ρ)T = RT), and to percolation lines of gas (PB) and liquid (PA) phases by: ρBW(T) = 2ρPA(T) = 3ρPB(T) = 3ρRS(T)/2 for T TB. These simple relationships arise, because the higher virial coefficients (bn, n ≥ 4) cancel due to clustering equilibria, or become negligible at all temperatures (0 T TB) within the gas phase. The Boyle-work line (p/ρBW)T is related exactly at lower densities as T → TB, and accurately for liquid densities, by ρBW(T) = −(b2/b3)T. The RS line, ω(T) = RT, defines a new liquid-density ground-state physical constant (ρRS(0) = (2/3)ρBW(0) for argon). Given the gas-liquid rigidity symmetry, the entire thermodynamic state functions below TB are obtainable from b2(T). A BW

关键词： Liquid-State Theory Cluster Physics Percolation Lines Fluid Thermodynamics Boyle Line Rigidity-Symmetry Line

Closed virial equations for hard parallel cubes andsquares

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Natural Science 2011年第7期3卷 622-632页

作者： Leslie V. woodcock 不详

A correlation between maxima in virial coefficients (Bn), and “kissing” numbers for hard hyper-spheres up to dimension D = 5, indicates a virial equation and close-packing relationship. Known virial coefficients up to B7, both for hard parallel cubes and squares, indicate that the limiting differences Bn – Bn-1 behave similar to spheres and disks, in the respective expan-sions relative to maximum close packing. In all cases, the difference Bn – Bn-1 is approaching a negative constant with similar functional form in each dimen-sion. This observation enables closed-virial equa-tions-of-state for cubes and squares to be obtained. In both the 3D and 2D cases, the virial pressures begin to deviate from MD thermodynamic pressures at densities well below crystallization. These results consolidate the general conclusion, from previous papers on spheres and disks, that the Mayer cluster expansion cannot represent the thermodynamic fluid phases up to freezing as commonly assumed in statistical theories.

关键词： Virial Equations Liquid Theory

Gibbs Density Surface of Water and Steam: 2nd Debate on the Absence of Van Der Waals’ “Critical Point”

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Natural Science 2014年第6期6卷 411-432页

作者： Leslie V. woodcock Department of Physics University of Algarve Faro Portugal

A revised phase diagram for water shows three distinct fluid phases. There is no continuity of liquid and gas, and no “critical point” on Gibbs’ density surface as hypothesized by van der Waals. A supercritical colloidal mesophase bounded by percolation transition loci separates supercritical liquid water and gas-phase steam. The water phase is bounded by a percolation transition (PA) of available volume, whereas steam is bounded by the loci of a percolation transition (PB) at a density whereupon a bonded molecular cluster suddenly percolates large distances. At the respective percolation densities, there is no barrier to nucleation of water to steam (PA) or steam to water (PB). Below the critical temperature, the percolation loci become the metastable spinodals in the two-phase coexistence region. A critical divide is defined by the interception of PA and PB the p-T plane. Critical parameters are obtainable from slopes and intercepts of pressure-density supercritical isotherms within the mesophase. The supercritical mesophase is a fourth equilibrium state besides ice, water and steam. A thermodynamic state function rigidity (dp/dρ)T defines a distinction between liquid and gas, and shows a remarkable symmetry due to an equivalence in number density fluctuations, arising from available volume and molecular clusters, in liquid and gas respectively. Following an earlier debate in these pages [“Fluid phases of argon: A debate on the absence of van der Waals’ critical point” Natural Science 5 (2) 194-206 (2013)], we here report further debate on a science of criticality applied to water and steam (APPENDIX 1).

关键词： Water Steam Phase Diagram Critical Line Percolation Loci