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Por.hyr.monas gingivalis r.sistance to Polymyxin B Is Deter.ined by the Lipid A 4’-Phosphatase, PGN_0524

Inter.ational Jour.al of Or.l Science 2009年第3期1卷 126-135页

作者： stephen r. coats Thao T. To Sumita Jain Pamela H. Br.ham r.char. P. Dar.eau Depar.ment of Per.odontics School of Dentistry University of Washington Seattle USA

Aim To elucidate the genetic basis for.the pr.nounced r.sistance that the or.l pathogen, Por.hyr.monas gingivalis （P. gingivalis）, exhibits towar.s the cationic antimicr.bial peptide, polymyxin B. Methodology A genetic scr.en of P. gingivalis clones gener.ted by a Tn4400-based r.ndom inser.ion mutagenesis str.tegy was per.or.ed to identify bacter.a har.or.ng novel genetic mutations that r.nder.P. gingivalis susceptible to killing by the cationic antimicr.bial peptide, polymyxin B （PMB, 50μg·mL^-1）. r.sults P. gingivalis （ATCC 33277） is unusually r.sistant to the cationic antimicr.bial peptide, PMB at r.latively high concentr.tions （200μg·mL^-1）. Appr.ximately 2,700 independent Tn4400 ＇-der.ved mutants ofP. gingivalis wer. examined for.incr.ased sensitivity to PMB killing at a r.latively low dose （50 μg·mL^-1）. A single PMB-sensitive mutant was obtained in this phenotypic scr.en. We deter.ined that the Tn4400＇ tr.nsposon was integr.ted into the gene encoding the lipid A 4＇-phosphatase, PGN 0524, demonstr.ting that this inser.ion event was r.sponsible for.its incr.ased susceptibility of this clone to PMB-dependent killing. The r.sulting mutant str.in, designated 0524-Tn4400＇, was highly sensitive to PMB killing r.lative to wild-type P. gingivalis, and exhibited the same sensitivity as the pr.viously char.cter.zed str.in, 0524KO, which bear. a genetically engineer.d deletion in the PGN_0524 locus. Positive ion mass spectr.metr.c str.ctur.l （MALDI-TOF MS） analyses r.vealed that lipid A isolates fr.m 0524-Tn4400＂ and 0524KO str.ins displayed str.kingly similar.MALDI-TOF MS spectr. that wer. substantially differ.nt fr.m the wildtype P gingivalis lipid A spectr.m. Finally, intact 0524- Tn4400＇ and 0524KO mutant bacter.a, as well as their.cor.esponding LPS isolates, wer. significantly mor. potent in stimulating Toll-like r.ceptor.4 （TLr.）-dependent E-selectin expr.ssion in human endothelial cells r.lative to intact wild-type P.. gingivalis or.its cor.esponding LPS isolate.

关键词： P. gingivalis antimicr.bial peptide lipid A phosphatase polymyxin B tr.nsposon lipopolysacchar.de

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Cholecystectomy and the r.sk of alimentar. tr.ct cancer.:A systematic r.view

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Wor.d Jour.al of Gastr.enter.logy 2015年第12期21卷 3679-3693页

作者： Mar.a coats Sami M Shimi Depar.ment of Sur.er. Ninewells Hospital and Medical School University of Dundee

AIM: To investigate the association between cholecystectomy and gastr.-intestinal tr.ct(GIT) ***: We conducted a systematic r.view accor.ing to the Pr.SMA guidelines. A MEDLINE sear.h was per.or.ed with pr.defined sear.h cr.ter.a for.English Language ar.icles on the association between cholecystectomy and GIT cancer.. Additional ar.icles wer. r.tr.eved by manual sear.h of r.fer.nces. All r.levant ar.icles wer. accessed in full text. Data onstudy type; cases; contr.ls; countr.; effect estimate; adjustments for.confounder. and quality of publication wer. extr.cted. The quality of the publications wer. scor.d by adher.nce to the STr.BE checklist. The data for.each par. of the GIT wer. pr.sented in separ.te ***: Seventy-five studies and 5 meta-analyses satisfied the pr.defined cr.ter.a for.inclusion and wer. included in this r.view. Ther. wer. inconsistent r.por.s and no str.ng evidence of an association between cholecystectomy and cancer. of the oesophagus(Adenocar.inoma), pancr.as, small bowel and r.ghtsided colon cancer.. In squamous cancer.of the oesophagus, cancer. of the stomach, liver. bile ducts, small bowel and left sided colon cancer., good quality studies suggested a lack of association with cholecystectomy. Equally, distal colon and r.ctal cancer. wer. found not to be associated with cholecystectomy. Sever.l mechanisms for.car.inogenesis/pr.motion of car.inogensis have been pr.posed. These have focused on a r.le for.bile salts in car.inogenesis with sever.l potential mutagenic molecular.events and gut metabolic hor.ones signaling cell pr.lifer.tion or.initiation of ***: This is a compr.hensive r.view of the association between GIT cancer. and cholecystectomy. This r.view found no clear.association between cholecystectomy and GIT cancer..

关键词： Cholecystectomy Cancer Gastr.-intestinal tr.ct Car

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Pest management with biopesticides

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Fr.ntier. of Agr.cultur.l Science and Engineer.ng 2018年第3期5卷 295-300页

作者： James N.SEIBEr.Joel coats stephen O.DUKE Aar.n D.Gr.SS Depar.ment of Envir.nmental Toxicology University of CaliforniaDavis Depar.ment of Entomology Iowa State University Natur.l Pr.ducts Utilization r.sear.h Agricultural Research Service United States Department of AgricultureUniversityMS Depar.ment of Entomology Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

Biopesticides ar. attr.cting inter.st as alter.atives to conventional pesticides but without many of the non-tar.et effects, pr.mising a better.r.cor. of safety and sustainability in pest contr.l pr.ctices. In this ar.icle we summar.ze and discuss the cur.ent status and futur. pr.mise of biopesticides, including how biopesticides use may incr.ase the quality and safety of the food supply.

关键词： biopesticide GMO cr.ps pest management

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Phylogenetic r.lationships of native and intr.duced Bemisia tabaci (Homopter.:Aleyr.didae) fr.m China and India based on mtCOI DNA sequencing and host plant compar.sons

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Pr.gr.ss in Natur.l Science:Mater.als Inter.ational 2007年第6期17卷 645-654页

作者： Susan A.coats Ali M.Idr.s Judith K.Br.wn Depar.ment of Plant Sciences The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85721USA

Phylogenetic r.lationships for.Bemisia tabaci wer. r.constr.cted by analysis of a ～780 bp fr.gment of the mitochondr.al cytochr.me oxidase I (mtCOI) gene with an emphasis on geogr.phic r.nge and distr.bution among eight eudicot plant families that ar. common hosts of B. tabaci wor.dwide to elucidate key phylogeogr.phic linkages between populations extant in China (n=31) and India (n=34). Bootstr.p values for.the Maximum Par.imony tr.e wer. highly r.bust for.all major.nodes involving the major.Asian clade, subgr.ups, and sister.gr.ups within, at 92%—100%. Between-clade distances for.the Southeast Asia and thr.e other.major.clades, e.g. fr.m sub-Sahar. Afr.ca, Nor.h Afr.ca-Mediter.anean, and the Amer.cas, wer. appr.ximately >16% diver.ent. Two major.Asian subgr.ups (I, II) wer. r.solved, which r.pr.sented populations indigenous to the r.gion, compr.sing two (I a, I b) and five (II a—e) sister.gr.ups, r.spectively, which diver.ed by 11%. Two distinct populations fr.m sunflower.in Hyder.bad gr.uped separ.tely within the two Asian subgr.ups. All other.populations gr.uped uniquely within Asian subgr.up II or.I. The "B" biotype was identified in 23 collections fr.m China at 97.3%—99.5% nucleotide identity with "B" biotype r.fer.nce sequences; it was not identified in collections fr.m India. The major.ty of haplotypes wer. associated with 3—4 plant families, with one exception that for.sister.gr.up IId (sesame, India), it might be monophagous. Thus, B. tabaci fr.m the southeaster. and near.easter. r.gions of the Asian continent compr.se of a lar.e number.of ancestr.l, r.chly diver.ent, mostly polyphagous populations. This r.gion is ther.for. hypothesized to constitute an impor.ant Old Wor.d center.of diver.ification for.the B. tabaci complex, together.with sub-Sahar.n Afr.ca.

关键词： Bemisia tabaci complex cytochr.me oxidase I host r.nge phylogenetic r.lationship

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Why Does the Wor.d Need a r.ser.e Asset with a Har. Anchor.,

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Fr.ntier. of Economics in China-Selected Publications fr.m Chinese Univer.ities 2017年第4期12卷 545-570页

作者： Dongsheng Di War.en coats Yuxuan Zhao School of Inter.ational Studies Renmin University of China Beijing 100872 China Inter.ational Monetar. Institute of r.nmin Univer.ity of China SDr.Division of the Finance Depar.ment IMF Agr.cultur. Global Pr.ctice International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD)Washington DC USA

Fr.m the 1970s, the global cur.ency system has two featur.s： the use of one or.a few sover.ign cur.encies as the global r.ser.e asset and the floating exchange r.te r.gime between major.cur.encies. This paper.points out that the costs of the dollar.s use as an inter.ational r.ser.e cur.ency exceed the benefits for.both the US and the r.st of the wor.d. These costs include the expor.ing of Amer.can manufactur.ng as a bypr.duct of its cur.ent account deficit needed to supply its cur.ency to the r.st of the wor.d. In addition to the detr.ment to tr.de fr.m unpr.dictable exchange r.te fluctuations, the ter.ination of the U.S. obligation to r.deem its cur.ency for.gold also r.moved an impor.ant r.str.int on deficit financing for.the US and many other.countr.es in the shor.-r.n, thus pr.moting excessive lever.ge that was a major.contr.butor.to the 2008 financial cr.sis. The paper.suggests r.placing sever.l main countr.es＇ cur.encies in inter.ational r.ser.es with a r.al Special Dr.wing r.ght （SDr. issued accor.ing to cur.ency boar. r.les.

关键词： r.ser.e cur.ency exchange r.te volatility exor.itant pr.vilege,fiscal discipline har. anchor balance of payments r.al SDr

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Mother. in childr.n's and young adult liter.tur.

Mothers in children's and young adult literature

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作者： Fr.ustino Lisa r.we (1963-)coats Kar.n

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A par.metr.c study of the hydr.dynamic r.ughness pr.duced by a wall coating layer.of heavy oil

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Petr.leum Science 2017年第1期14卷 155-166页

作者： S. r.shd r. S. Sander. Depar.ment of Chemical and Mater.als Engineer.ng University of Alberta Edmonton AB Canada

In water.lubr.cated pipeline tr.nspor.ation of heavy oil and bitumen, a thin oil film typically coats the pipe wall. A detailed study of the hydr.dynamic effects of this fouling layer.is cr.tical to the design and oper.tion of oil-water.pipelines, as it can incr.ase the pipeline pr.ssur. loss （and pumping power.r.quir.ments） by 15 times or.mor.. In this study, a par.metr.c investigation of the hydr.dynamic effects caused by the wall coating of viscous oil was conducted. A custom-built r.ctangular.flow cell was used. A validated CFD-based pr.cedur. was used to deter.ine the hydr.dynamic r.ughness fr.m the measur.d pr.ssur. losses. A similar.pr.cedur. was followed for.a set of pipe loop tests. The effects of the thickness of the oil coating layer. the oil viscosity, and water.flow r.te on the hydr.dynamic r.ughness wer. evaluated. Oil viscosities fr.m 3 to 21300 Pa s wer. tested. The r.sults show that the equivalent hydr.dynamic r.ughness pr.duced by a wall coating layer.of viscous oil is dependent on the coating thickness but essentially independent of oil viscosity. A new cor.elation was developed using these data to pr.dict the hydr.dynamic r.ughness for.flow conditions in which a viscous oil coating is pr.duced on the pipe wall.

关键词： Pipeline tr.nspor.ation - Heavy oil Wallfouling Lubr.cated pipe flow CFD simulation

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胆囊切除术与消化道癌症的风险:一项系统性综述

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中国微创外科杂志 2017年第1期17卷 27-32页

作者：郭绍红 Mar.a coats Sami M Shimi 南京医科大学附属明基医院肝胆胰外科南京210019 Depar.ment of Sur.er. Ninewells Hospital and Medical SchoolUniversity of Dundee

目的研究胆囊切除术与胃肠道(gastr.-intestinal tr.ct,GIT)癌症的关系。方法我们遵循Pr.SMA(译者注)指南进行了这项系统性综述。借助Medline用预设检索标准对有关胆囊切除与GIT癌症的英文文献进行检索。通过手工查询参考文献的方法得... 详细信息

目的研究胆囊切除术与胃肠道(gastr.-intestinal tr.ct,GIT)癌症的关系。方法我们遵循Pr.SMA(译者注)指南进行了这项系统性综述。借助Medline用预设检索标准对有关胆囊切除与GIT癌症的英文文献进行检索。通过手工查询参考文献的方法得到其他文献。所有文献都得到了全文。从中提取的数据包括:研究类型、病例数、对照、国家、效度、混杂因素的校正和文献质量。采用STr.BE(译者注)核查表对文献质量进行评分。GIT每个部位的数据录入不同的表格。结果有75项研究和5项meta分析符合预选标准进入这项综述。入选的研究结果相互矛盾,没有强的证据表明胆囊切除与食管癌(腺癌)、胰腺癌、小肠癌以及右半结肠癌有关。高质量的研究中,胆囊切除与食管鳞癌、胃癌、肝癌、胆管癌、小肠癌、左半结肠癌没有关系。同样,远端结肠癌和直肠癌也没有观察到与胆囊切除有关。文献提出了一些致癌或促癌的机理,这些机理集中在胆汁酸盐对一些潜在突变分子的致癌作用以及作用于GIT代谢激素,这些代谢激素信号可以导致细胞增殖或癌症生成。结论这是一项关于胆囊切除与GIT癌症关系的综合性综述,结果没有显示胆囊切除与GIT癌症之间有明确的联系。

关键词：胆囊切除癌症胃肠道致癌作用

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缺血性心脏病和扩张型心肌病患者心肺运动负荷研究

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科技导报 2010年第8期28卷 37-41页

作者：周清华 Andr.w coats 清华大学玉泉医院心血管科北京100049 英国伦敦帝国理工医学院皇家布罗姆顿医院

缺血性心脏病是心力衰竭的常见病因,峰运动VO2已经广泛用于心力衰竭患者心脏储备能力的评估。本研究通过心肺运动试验(Car.iopulmonar. Exer.ise Test,CPET)心脏储备指数、通气效能指数来评价缺血性心脏病和扩张型心肌病的心衰患者运动... 详细信息

缺血性心脏病是心力衰竭的常见病因,峰运动VO2已经广泛用于心力衰竭患者心脏储备能力的评估。本研究通过心肺运动试验(Car.iopulmonar. Exer.ise Test,CPET)心脏储备指数、通气效能指数来评价缺血性心脏病和扩张型心肌病的心衰患者运动心肺储备功能变化。选择170例心力衰竭病人(包括100例缺血性心脏病、70例扩张型心肌病患者)及75例正常人,进行症状限制性CPET。于运动前、运动高峰和运动后,分别测定心率和血压、峰氧耗量(PeakVO2)和VO2与预测最大VO2比例、无氧代谢阀、VE/VCO2斜率(通气效能指数)。结果显示,缺血性心脏病和扩张型心肌病患者左室射血分数相似,血压和静态心率无明显差异,运动心率明显下降,峰氧摄取量、无氧阈值、VE/VCO2斜率与扩张型心肌病患者相比有显著差别(P<0.05),峰心率明显低于扩张性心肌病。但峰氧耗量/预测峰氧耗量比例无明显差别。45例病人运动心率未达到标准。研究表明,缺血性心脏病患者心肺运动负荷测定的运动高峰VO2、无氧阀值及VE/VCO2斜率提示缺血性心脏病患者运动时通气效能和运动耐力下降比扩张型心肌病患者更为显著。

关键词：心肺运动试验左室功能心功能不全心率变时不全

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俄勒冈中部草地早熟禾种子产区麦角病的发生、分布及其对种子产量影响的估测

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国外畜牧学（草原与牧草） 1999年第3期 30-32页

作者： stephen C Alder.an Dale D coats 姚拓

1991～1993年俄勒冈中部草地早熟禾种子产区麦角病的发病率分别为36％,46％和62％,有个别地区(2％～13％)发病极严重(每克种子有20多个菌核)。其严重度(菌核重量百分数)分别为0.85％,0.07％和0.34％。因麦角病更换种子的损失估计为0.22... 详细信息

1991～1993年俄勒冈中部草地早熟禾种子产区麦角病的发病率分别为36％,46％和62％,有个别地区(2％～13％)发病极严重(每克种子有20多个菌核)。其严重度(菌核重量百分数)分别为0.85％,0.07％和0.34％。因麦角病更换种子的损失估计为0.22％,0.02％和0.08％。为减少麦角病污染达到标准纯度种子而采用清种技术导致上市种子量减少7.8％。1991～1993年估计因更换种子损失分别达75625,4758和17076美元。清种损失分别为37669,8171和21946美元。草地早熟禾收获季节有利于麦角病发生的杂草有雀麦属、黑麦属、羊茅属、早熟禾属的一些种。然而,俄勒冈中部杂草穗部很少被浸染,杂草似乎对麦角病的发生无多大作用。大多数受害田(处理前每克种子有1个以上的菌核)或感染麦角病的杂草分布于研究地的南缘。

关键词：麦角菌草地早熟禾产量损失

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