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Impact of chlorine exposure time on disinfection byproduct formation in the presence of iopamidol and natural organic matter during chloramination

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第4期31卷 204-214页

作者： Nana Osei B.Ackerson Alexis H.Killinger Hannah K.Liberatore thomas A.Ternes Michael J.plewa Susan D.Richardson stephen E.Duirk Department of Civil Engineering University of Akron Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of South Carolina Federal Institute of Hydrology (BfG) Department of Crop Sciences and Safe Global Water Institute and NSF Science and Technology Center of Advanced Materials for the purification of Water with Systems University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

Chloramines,in practice,are formed onsite by adding ammonia to chlorinated drinking water to achieve the required *** regulated disinfection byproducts(DBps)are reduced during chloramine disinfection,other DBps such as iodinated(iodo-)DBps,that elicit greater toxicity are *** objective of this study was to investigate the impact of prechlorination time on the formation of both halogen-specific total organic halogen(TOX)and iodo/chlorinated(chloro-)DBps during prechlorination/chloramination in source waters(SWs)containing iopamidol,an X-ray contrast *** SW(BSW)and Cleveland SW(CSW)containing iopamidol were prechlorinated for 5–60 min and afterwards chloraminated for 72 hr with ammonium *** contact time(CCT)did not significantly impact total organic iodine(TOI)concentrations after prechlorination or *** of total organic chlorine(TOCl)formed during prechlorination did not significantly change regardless of pH and prechlorination time,whileTOClappearedtodecreaseafter 72 ***(CHCl_2I)formation during prechlorination did not exhibit any significant trends as a function of p H or CCT,but after chloramination,significant increases were observed at pHs 6.5 and 7.5 with respect to ***-HAAs were not formed during prechlorination but were detected after *** quantities of chloroform(CHCl_3)and trichloroacetic acid(TCAA)were formed during prechlorination but formation ceased upon ammonia ***,prechlorination studies should measure TOX and DBp concentrations prior to ammonia addition to obtain data regarding the initial conditions.

关键词： prechlorinaton Iopamidol Monochloramine Disinfection byproducts(DBps) Total organic chlorine(TOCl) Total organic iodine(TOI)

The impact of iodinated X-ray contrast agents on formation and toxicity of disinfection by-products in drinking water

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第8期29卷 173-182页

作者： Clara H.Jeong Edward J.Machek Morteza Shakeri stephen E.Duirk thomas A.Ternes Susan D.Richardson Elizabeth D.Wagner Michael J.plewa Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center School of Medicine and Public Health University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison WI USA Department of Civil Engineering University of Akron Akron OH USA Department of Water Chemistry Federal Institute of Hydrology Koblenz Germany Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of South Carolina Columbia SC USA Department of Crop Sciences and the Safe Global Water Institute University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL USA

The presence of iodinated X-ray contrast media（ICM） in source waters is of high concern to public health because of their potential to generate highly toxic disinfection by-products（DBps）. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of ICM in source waters and the type of disinfectant on the overall toxicity of DBp mixtures and to determine which ICM and reaction conditions give rise to toxic by-products. Source waters collected from Akron,OH were treated with five different ICMs, including iopamidol, iopromide, iohexol,diatrizoate and iomeprol, with or without chlorine or chloramine disinfection. The reaction product mixtures were concentrated with XAD resins and the mammalian cell cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of the reaction mixture concentrates was measured. Water containing iopamidol generated an enhanced level of mammalian cell cytotoxicity and genotoxicity after disinfection. While chlorine disinfection with iopamidol resulted in the highest cytotoxicity overall, the relative iopamidol-mediated increase in toxicity was greater when chloramine was used as the disinfectant compared with chlorine. Four other ICMs（iopromide, iohexol, diatrizoate, and iomeprol） expressed some cytotoxicity over the control without any disinfection, and induced higher cytotoxicity when chlorinated. Only iohexol enhanced genotoxicity compared to the chlorinated source water.

关键词： Disinfection by-products Iodo-DBps Iodinated X-ray contrast media

Non-destructive silkworm pupa gender classification with X-ray images using ensemble learning

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Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture 2022年第1期6卷 100-110页

作者： Sania thomas Jyothi thomas Department of Computer Science and Engineering Christ(Deemed to be University)BangaloreIndia

Sericulture is the process of cultivating silkworms for the production of ***-quality production of silk without mixing with low quality is a great challenge faced in the silk production *** of the possibilities to overcome this issue is by separating male and female cocoons before extracting silk fibers from the cocoons as male cocoon silk fibers are finer than *** study proposes a method for the classification of male and female cocoons with the help of X-ray images without destructing the *** study used popular single hybrid varieties FC1 and FC2 mulberry silkworm *** shape features of the pupa are considered for the classification process and were obtained without cutting the cocoon.A novel point interpolation method is used for the computation of the width and height of the *** dimensionality reduction methods are employed to enhance the performance of the *** preprocessed features are fed to the powerful ensemble learning method AdaBoost and used logistic regression as the base *** model attained a mean accuracy of 96.3%for FC1 and FC2 in cross-validation and 95.3%in FC1 and 95.1%in FC2 for external validation.

关键词： Sericulture Gender classification Stratified k-fold cross-validation Machine learning AdaBoost

Habitat requirements of Boreal Owl(Aegolius funereus)and pygmy Owl(Glaucidium passerinum)in rear edge montane populations on the Balkan peninsula

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Avian Research 2022年第2期13卷 175-182页

作者： Boris p.Nikolov Tzvetan Zlatanov thomas Groen Stoyan Stoyanov Iva Hristova-Nikolova Manfred J.Lexer Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research Bulgarian Academy of Sciences 2 Yuri Gagarin Str.SfiaBulgaria Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation(ITC)University of Twente Hengelosestraat 99 7514AEEnschedethe Netherlands University of Forestry 10Sv.Kliment Ohridski Blvd.SofiaBulgaria Biota Films Ltd. 51 Prof.Kiril Popov Str.SofiaBulgaria University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Peter-Jordan-Str.82ViennaAustria

Rear-edge populations of montane species are known to be vulnerable to environmental change,which could affect them by habitat reduction and *** requirements of two cold-adapted boreo-alpine owl species—Boreal Owl(Aegolius funereus)and pygmy Owl(Glaucidium passerinum)—have been studied in refugial montane populations in the western Rhodopes,South *** on owl presence and forest stand attributes recorded in situ have been used to identify significant predictors for owl *** results revealed Boreal Owl’s preference for comparatively dense forests(high canopy closure values),big trees(diameter at breast height≥50 cm)and large amount of fallen dead wood in penultimate stage of *** pygmy Owl the only significant explanatory variable was the total amount of fallen dead *** suggest preference of both owl species for forests with structural elements typical of old-growth forests(i.e.,veteran trees,deadwood),the pygmy Owl being less prone to inhabit managed *** at the rear edge of their palearctic breeding range in Europe both Boreal and pygmy Owls are of high conservation value on the Balkan ***,additional efforts are needed for their conservation in the light of climate change and resulting alteration of forest structural *** findings can be used for adjusting forest management practices in order to ensure both,sustainable profit from timber and continuous species survival.

关键词： Forest management Habitat requirements Owls Refugial populations

Quantifying defects in thin films using machine vision

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npj Computational Materials 2020年第1期6卷 737-742页

作者： Nina Taherimakhsousi Benjamin p.MacLeod Fraser G.L.parlane thomas D.Morrissey Edward p.Booker Kevan E.Dettelbach Curtis p.Berlinguette Department of Chemistry The University of British Columbia2036 Main MallVancouverBC V6T 1Z1Canada Stewart Blusson Quantum Matter Institute The University of British Columbia2355 East MallVancouverBC V6T 1Z4Canada Department of Chemical&Biological Engineering The University of British Columbia2360 East MallVancouverBC V6T 1Z3Canada Canadian Institute for Advanced Research(CIFAR) MaRS Innovation Centre661 University Ave.Suite 505TorontoON M5G 1M1Canada

The sensitivity of thin-film materials and devices to defects motivates extensive research into the optimization of film *** research could be accelerated by automated experiments that characterize the response of film morphology to synthesis *** imaging can resolve morphological defects in thin films and is readily integrated into automated experiments but the large volumes of images produced by such systems require automated *** approaches to automatically analyzing film morphologies in optical images require application-specific customization by software experts and are not robust to changes in image content or imaging ***,we present a versatile convolutional neural network(CNN)for thin-film image analysis which can identify and quantify the extent of a variety of defects and is applicable to multiple materials and imaging *** CNN is readily adapted to new thin-film image analysis tasks and will facilitate the use of imaging in automated thin-film research systems.

关键词： film thin image

Direct Observation of the Strong Interaction Between Carbon Nanotubes and Quartz Substrate

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Nano Research 2009年第11期2卷 903-910页

作者： Lei Ding Weiwei Zhou thomas p.McNicholas Jinyong Wang Haibin Chu Yan Li Jie Liu Department of Chemistry Duke UniversityDurhamNorth Carolina 27708USA Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of NanodevicesNational Laboratory of Rare Earth Material Chemistry and ApplicationCollege of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China

We present a chemical vapor deposition(CVD)method for the growth of uniform single-walled carbon nanotube(SWNT)arrays on a stable temperature(ST)-cut single crystal quartz substrate using a mixture of methanol and ethanol as carbon *** is found that introducing methanol during the growth can improve the density and the length of the well-aligned SWNTs in the arrays as well as increase the SWNT/quartz ***“up-shifts”of G-band frequencies in the Raman spectra have been found for the aligned SWNTs.A well-designed control experiment shows that the G-band“up-shifts”originate from the strong interaction between SWNTs and the quartz *** is believed that exploring this interaction will help to elucidate the growth mechanism;ultimately,this will help realize the promise of controlling the chirality of SWNTs.

关键词： Single-walled carbon nanotube quartz wafer Raman spectroscopy G-band“up-shift” chemical vapor deposition(CVD)

Brain IL-1β was involved in reserpine-induced behavioral depression in rats

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Acta pharmacologica Sinica 2004年第3期25卷 39-42页

作者： thomas R MINOR Bethune MilitaryMedical College China Department of psychology Los Angeles psychoneuroimmunolgyLaboratory Shijiazhuang 050081 USA University of California

AIM: To investigate the mechanism of brain interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in reserpine-induced behavioral depression in rats. METHODS: porsult swim test was used in the measurement of depressive behavior and ELISA was used in measurement of brain IL-1β. RESULTS: Intraperitoneal injection of reserpine (0, 4, 6, and 8 mg/kg, ip) increased floating time in the porsult swim test in a dose-and time-dependent manner in rats. Intracerebroventricular injection (icv) of IL-1β receptor antagonist (IL-1ra, 6 mg/kg) blocked the increment of floating time in porsult swim test at 48 and 72 h after reserpine injection, but not at 1 and 24 h after injection. Brain IL-1β increased after reserpine treatment in posterior cortex, hippocampus, and hypothalamus. The increase of IL-1β concentration starts at 24 hours after injection of reserpine and reached the peak at 48 h. CONCLUSION: Reserpine induced behavioral depression partially via brain interleukin-1β generation.

关键词： reserpine depression interleukin-1

Does defensive posture increase mimetic fidelity of caterpillars with eyespots to their putative snake models？

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Current Zoology 2014年第1期60卷 76-89页

作者： thomas John HOSSIE thomas N. SHERRATT Ottawa-Carleton Institute of Biology Carleton University 1125 Colonel By Drive Ottawa ON K1S 5B6 Canada Department of Biology Carleton University 1125 Colonel By Drive Ottawa ON K1S 5B6 Canada

Organisms often evolve behaviours that increase or reinforce the protection from predators afforded by their morpho- logical defences. For example, mimetic animals may adopt postures or locomotory behaviours that emulate a characteristic fea- ture of their model to increase predator deception. Caterpillars with eyespots are thought to mimic snakes, and when threatened many of these caterpillars adopt a posture that appears to enhance this resemblance. Herein we evaluate the quantitative strength of evidence of behavioural mimicry in the caterpillars of 14 species by comparing how closely a series of putative snake-mimicking caterpillars resemble snakes while at rest and when threatened. Specifically, we quantified the head morphology and eye position of a range of snake species, as well as the shape of the apparent head （i.e. anterior body segments） and position of eyespots in caterpillars resting or in their defensive posture. This allowed us to objectively examine evidence for an increased resemblance to either snakes generally, or to Viperidae snakes specifically, upon adopting the defensive posture. Widening the anterior body segments during the defensive posture typically made caterpillars appear more viper-like as opposed to more snake-like in general. Enhanced resemblance to vipers upon mounting the defensive posture was apparent only from the dorsal view. Laterally, caterpillars more closely resembled snakes in the resting posture and shifting to the defensive posture instead reduced mimetic fidelity, Overall we found evidence for behavioural mimicry in all 14 species examined. We highlight that objectively quantifying mimetic fidelity can help identify key features involved in deception .

关键词： Behaviour Geometr!c morphometrics protective colouration Mimicry Morphology Vipers

Nanoscale chemical segregation to twin interfaces in τ-MnAl-C and resulting effects on the magnetic properties

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2023年第3期134卷 22-32页

作者： panpan Zhao Markus Gusenbauer Harald Oezelt Daniel Wolf thomas Gemming thomas Schrefl Kornelius Nielsch thomas George Woodcock Leibniz IFW Dresden Helmholtzstr.20Dresden 01069Germany TU Dresden Institute of Materials ScienceDresden 01062Germany Department for Integrated Sensor Systems Danube University KremsKrems an der Donau 3500Austria

In this study,aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy coupled with electron energy-loss spectroscopy(STEM-EELS)was used to investigate the atomistic structure and chemical com-position of true twin and order twin boundaries in ferromagneticτ-*** twins and order twins were distinguished based on the diffraction patterns using *** elemental segregation was observed at the coherent true twin boundary but some Mn enrichment within a region of about 1.5-2 nm was found at the incoherent true twin boundary.A transition region with Mn enrichment about 4-6 nm wide was found at the order twin boundary.A carbon cluster with a size of around 5 nm was also found at the twin *** simulations were conducted to study the effect of this chemical seg-regation at twin interfaces on the magnetic *** results showed that the coercivity tends to increase with increasing structural and chemical disorder at the interface.

关键词： τ-MnAl-C Twin boundaries Elemental segregation STEM-EELS Micromagnetic simulations