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From foraging to autonoetic consciousness： The primal self as a consequence of embodied prospective foraging

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Current Zoology 2015年第2期61卷 368-381页

作者： thomas T. HILLS stephen BUTTERFILL Department of psychology University of Warwick CV4 7AL Coventry UK Department of philosophy University of Warwick CV4 7AL Coventry UK

The capacity to adapt to resource distributions by modulating the frequency of exploratory and exploitative behaviors is common across metazoans and is arguably a principal selective force in the evolution of cognition. Here we (I) review recent work investigating behavioral and biological commonalities between external foraging in space and internal foraging over envi- ronments specified by cognitive representations, and (2) explore the implications of these commonalities for understanding the origins of the self. Behavioural commonalities include the capacity for what is known as area-restricted search in the ecological literature:this is search focussed around locations where resources have been found in the past, but moving away from locations where few resources arc found, and capable of producing movement pattems mimicking L6vy flights. Area-restricted search shares a neural basis across metazoans, and these biological commonalities in vertebrates suggest an evolutionary homology be- tween external and internal foraging. Internal foraging, and in particular a form we call embodied prospective foraging, makes available additional capacities for prediction based on search through a cognitive representation of the external environment, and allows predictions about outcomes of possible future actions. We demonstrate that cognitive systems that use embodied prospec- tive foraging require a primitive sense of self, needed to distinguish actual from simulated action. This relationship has implica- tions for understanding the evolution of autonoetic consciousness and self-awareness.

关键词：觅食动物生物学太极资源分布后生动物适应能力自我意识认知系统

RADIATION BOUNDARY CONDITIONS FOR MAXWELL'S EQUATIONS:A REVIEW OF ACCURATE TIME-DOMAIN FORMULATIONS

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Journal of Computational Mathematics 2007年第3期25卷 305-336页

作者： thomas Hagstrom stephen Lau Department of Mathematics and Statistics University of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNM 87131USA Division of Applied Mathematics Brown University182 George StreetProvidenceRI 02912USA

We review time-domain formulations of radiation boundary conditions for Maxwell＇s equations, focusing on methods which can deliver arbitrary accuracy at acceptable compu-tational cost. Examples include fast evaluations of nonlocal conditions on symmetric and general boundaries, methods based on identifying and evaluating equivalent sources, and local approximations such as the perfectly matched layer and sequences of local boundary conditions. Complexity estimates are derived to assess work and storage requirements as a function of wavelength and simulation time.

关键词： Maxwell＇s equations Radiation boundary conditions Fast algorithms Kirchoffformulas perfectly matched layers.

How Have China＇ s pre- 1978 Historical Experiences Shaped It＇ s ＂China Goes Global＂ policies？

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International Relations and Diplomacy 2016年第10期4卷 601-610页

作者： stephen thomas Ji Chen University of Colorado Denver Denver USA

Assessment of noise and ground vibration induced during blasting operations in an open pit mine——A case study on Ewekoro limestone quarry,Nigeria

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Mining Science and Technology 2009年第4期19卷 420-424页

作者： Afeni thomas B Osasan stephen K School of Mining Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Built EnvironmentUniversity of the WitwatersrandWits 2050 JohannesburgSouth Africa Department of Mining Engineering School of Engineering and Engineering TechnologyFederal University of Technology AkureNigeria

Our study was carried out to assess the level of noise generated and ground vibrations induced during blasting operations at the Ewekoro limestone quarry in Nigeria.To achieve this objective,vibro monitor equipment was used to take readings related to noise generated and ground vibrations during all blasting operations that took place in the quarry for a period of one month.As well,a digital camera was used to take photographs of residential structures within villages near the quarry.The results obtained indicate that the ground vibration readings fall between 0.5 mm/s and 2.1 mm/s and the noise generated during the blasting operations between 82 dB and 89 dB.These readings when compared with the limits set by FEpA(Federal Environmental protection Agency) of 5.0 mm/s and 150 dB) all fall within the permissible limits.However the photographs of most structures near the quarry reveal cracks and dilapidated building walls.Recommendations are made on how to sustain and improve current blasting techniques.

关键词：爆破技术作业过程地面震动尼日利亚评估过程采石场石灰石噪音

Managing airport stormwater containing deicers： challenges and opportunities

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2017年第1期11卷 35-46页

作者： Xianming SHI stephen M. QUILTY thomas LONG Anand JAYAKARAN Laura FAY Gang XU Smart & Green Infrastructure Group Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering Washington State University Pullman WA 99164-2910 USA SMQ Airport Services 26757 Haverhill Drive Lutz FL 33559-8509 USA Kent State University 1400 Lefton Esplanade Kent OH 44242 USA Washington Stormwater Center Washington State University Puyallup WA 98371 USA Western Transportation Institute Montana State University Bozeman MT 59717 USA

Stormwater runoff at airports is a significant and costly issue, especially for the stormwater laden with deicing contaminants of high Biochemical Oxygen Demand （BOD） and aquatic toxicity. To reduce the loading of deicing constituents in stormwater and to manage the increasing pressure of tightening regulations, identifying fate and transport and evaluating environmental risks of deicing stormwater are of critical importance. In this review, the regulatory development of airport deicing stormwater management was first discussed, along with the milestone Airport Cooperative Research program （ACRp） Report 14 publication. The deicer usage and fugitive losses can be reduced and the amount of deicer collected can be increased by having a better understanding of the fate and transport of deicing constituents in stormwater. As such, an overview and evaluation of the constituents of concern in deicers were provided to support the assessment of environmental impacts and mitigation recommendations. The state of knowledge of airport deicing stormwater management was then reviewed, which needs to be synthesized into a national guidance document. A guidebook and a decision tool for airports were proposed to adopt specific practical stormwater management strategies while balancing their priorities in environmental, economic, and social values against operational constraints. These challenges pose great opportunities to improve the current practices of airport deicing stormwater management.

关键词： airport deicer stormwater guidebook decision tool

An iterative approach to enhance the clinical learning experience in Macao nursing education

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International Journal of Nursing Sciences 2019年第2期6卷 216-220页

作者： Ming Liu Yok Man Chan stephen Tee Ken Gu Zhi Min Luo thomas K.S.Wong School of Health Sciences Macao Polytechnic Institute Macao China Faculty of Health and Social Sciences Bournemouth University UK Knowledge Transfer and Consultancy Company Limited Hong Kong China

Objective: The aim of this study was to reduce or eliminate the stressors to enhance nursing students' clinical learning experience through implementation of an iterative approach that developed a personalised response to student stress.Methods: A prospective cohort research design was applied to collect data from a sample of undergraduate nursing students across the four study years.An iterative approach was employed to improve students' learning experience and the Stressors in Nursing Students Scale-Chinese Version (SINS-CN) was used to measure student stress.Key problems encountered by students were identified,refined and the responding solutions were worked out and implemented among this group of students through their first year to fourth year.Results: The overall SINS-CN mean score (2.17-2.82) of students was declined to a moderate level.Conclusions: Having implemented iterative approach to address factors that led to stressful environments encountered by the nursing students,the overall stress score and each sub-dimension score decreased significantly.Therefore,it is recommended that this approach could be adopted by other colleagues in the nursing arena around the world.

关键词： Clinical Clerkship Nursing Nursing education Stressors Students

Variability of the useful life of reservoirs in tropical locations:A case study from the Burdekin Falls Dam, Australia

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2018年第2期33卷 93-106页

作者： Michelle Cooper stephen E.Lewis thomas C.Stieglitz Scott G.Smithers College of Scilence and Engineering James Cook University Centre for Tropical Water ε Aquatic Ecosystem Research TropWATER James Cook University

Large dam construction for irrigation, hydropower, water supply, and flood control in tropical to subtropical areas increased markedly after 1950. Many of the dams built during this period have filled with sediment and no longer perform to their original design specifications; in many cases, forecast dam life was greatly overestimated. This study investigates the useful life of Burdekin Falls Dam(BFD), northeastern Australia and compares the findings with other tropical reservoirs. Using two independent methods it is estimated that between 61 and 65 million m3 of sediment has been deposited in the reservoir over the 24 years of operation through 2011. This sediment volume equates to an average of0.15% of capacity lost per year since construction was completed. If current sediment loads/climate regimes persist, reservoir capacity will be reduced by 50% after 345 years. However, the useful life of the BFD reduces to just 276 years when drawdown data are considered; these data show reservoir use would be affected once 40% of storage was filled with sediment, with a 60% drawdown return period of 1 in 15 years. When compared to similar large tropical to sub-tropical reservoirs, the BFD has a slightly longer reservoir useful life than dams in India and a much longer half-life than for both similar-sized and larger dams in China, Brazil, and Iran. properties of the BFD that promote a longer useful life include a lower trap efficiency, relatively low annual sediment load delivered to the reservoir, limited sediment deposition behind the dam wall(and uniform distribution of deposited sediment), and the export of highly turbid annual floodwaters before settling and deposition of any remaining sediment within the reservoir.

关键词： Reservoir half-life Lake Dalrymple Sediment trapping Trap efficiency Tropical reservoir Useful life

Identification and initial characterization of the 3＇ end of gene transcripts encoding putative members of the pheromone receptor subfamily in Lepidoptera

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Insect Science 2012年第1期19卷 64-74页

作者： stephen F. Garczynski Kevin W. Wanner thomas R. Unruh USDA-ARS Yakima Agricultural Research Laboratory Wapato Washington Department of plant Sciences and plant pathology Montana State University Bozeman Montana USA

Semiochemicals, including pheromones and kairomones, used in pest man- agement programs reduce the need for chemical insecticides, and understanding their interactions with their membrane receptors may help make them more effective in the field. Identification of odorant receptors in the Lepidoptera has mainly been achieved us- ing bioinformatics to search DNA sequences generated by genome or expressed sequence tag （EST） sequencing projects. This study reports a rapid method to identify members of the pheromone receptor subfamily in Lepidoptera. Degenerate oligonucleotide primers were designed against a conserved amino acid sequence in the carboxyl terminus of known lepidopteran pheromone receptors, and the primers were used in a 3＇ rapid amplifica- tion of complementary DNA （cDNA） ends procedure. polymerase chain reaction products generated from seven different lepidopteran species were TA cloned and sequenced. The cDNA sequences of 25 transcripts were determined to encode potential members of the pheromone receptor subfamily. These cDNAs ranged from 238 to 642 bp and encoded 49-54 amino acids of the carboxyl terminus. Analysis of the 3＇ untranslated region reveals that most of the transcripts contain multiple polyadenylation signal sequences, and in the case ofManduca sexta, an alternate polyadenylation signal appears to be used in transcript processing. The 3＇ untranslated region was also useful in determining unique receptors en- coded by transcripts having highly similar nucleotide and amino acid sequences. Overall, this technique provides a complementary method of pheromone receptor identification in EST sequencing projects, or can be used as a stand-alone method in conjunction with 5＇ rapid amplification of cDNA ends procedures.

关键词： degenerate primer pCR odorant receptor pheromone receptor polyadeny- lation signals 3＇ untranslated region

Flashback phenomenon and residual neurological deficits after the use of "bath salt" 3, 4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2014年第1期5卷 63-66页

作者： Aaron R.Mangold thomas p Bravo stephen J.Traub Steven A.Maher Christopher A.Lipinski Department of Dermatology Mayo Clinic Department of Neurology Mayo Clinic Department of Emergency Medicine Mayo Clinic Hospital Department of pharmacology Mayo Clinic

BACKGROUND: The use and abuse of designer drugs has been recognized for decades; however there are many derivatives of compounds that make their way into the community. Abuse of compound(s) known on the street as "bath salt" is on the rise.METHODS: We report the case of a 33-year-old man who complained of "flashbacks" and right arm shaking that followed a night of "bath salt" snorting. The active compound methylenedioxypyrovalerone methamphetamine(MDpV) was confirmed; however, analysis of three different "bath salt" products showed difference in their active components.RESULTS: The patient's symptoms remained stable and he was discharged home after observation in the emergency department with instructions to return for any symptom progression.CONCLUSION: practitioners should be aware of the abuse of the compounds and that not all "bath salt" products contain MDpV.

关键词： Residual neurological deficits Methylenedioxypyrovalerone methamphetamine Emergency Department