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Guiding phosphorus stewardship for multiple ecosystem services

Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 2016年第12期2卷 29-41页

作者： Graham K.macDonald Helen P.Jarvie Paul J.A.Withers Donnacha G.Doody Bonnie L.Keeler Philip m.Haygarth Laura T.Johnson Richard W.mcDowell michael K.miyittah stephen m.powers Andrew N.Sharpley Jianbo Shen Douglas R.Smith michael N.Weintraub Tiequan Zhang Department of Geography McGill University805 Sherbrooke Street WestMontrealQuebec H3A 0B9 Canada Centre for Ecology and Hydrology Wallingford OX108BB UK School of Environment Natural Resources and GeographyBangor UniversityBangor LL572UW UK Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute Belfast BT95PX UK Institute on the Environment University of MinnesotaSaint PaulMinnesota 55108 USA Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster UniversityLancaster LA14YQ UK National Center for Water Quality Research Heidelberg University310 East Market StreetTiffinOhio 44883 USA Invermay Agricultural Centre AgResearchPrivate Bag 50034Mosgiel 9011 New Zealand Soil and Physical Sciences Faculty of Agriculture and Life SciencesLincoln UniversityPO Box 84Lincoln 7647 New Zealand Department of Environmental Sciences University of Cape CoastCape CoastGhana Center for Environmental Research Educationand Outreach(CEREO)Washington State UniversityPullmanWashington 99164 USA Division of Agriculture Department of CropSoiland Environmental SciencesUniversity of ArkansasFayettevilleArkansas 72701 USA Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions Department of Plant NutritionMinistry of EducationChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193 China Grassland Soil and Water Research LaboratoryUSDA-ARS808 East Blackland RoadTempleTexas 76502 USA Department of Environmental Sciences University of ToledoToledoOhio 43606 USA Harrow Research and Development Center Agriculture and Agri-Food CanadaHarrowOntario N0R 1G0 Canada

The essential role of phosphorus(P)for agriculture and its impact on water quality has received decades of research ***,the benefits of sustainable P use and management for society due to its downstream impacts on multiple ecosystem services are rarely *** propose a conceptual framework-the“phosphorus-ecosystem services cascade”(PESC)-to integrate the key ecosystem processes and functions that moderate the relationship between P released to the environment from human actions and ecosystem services at distinct spatial and temporal *** pathways in the cascade via soil and aquatic processes link anthropogenic P to biodiversity and multiple services,including recreation,drinking water provision,and *** anthropogenic P cascades through catchments,it often shifts from a subsidy to a stressor of ecosystem *** stewardship can have emergent ecosystem service co-benefits due to synergies with other societal or management goals(e.g.,recycling of livestock manures and organic wastes could impact soil carbon storage).Applying the PESC framework,we identify key research priorities to align P stewardship with the management of multiple ecosystem services,such as incorporating additional services into agri-environmental P indices,assessing how widespread recycling of organic P sources could differentially impact agricultural yields and water quality,and accounting for shifting baselines in P stewardship due to climate ***,P impacts depend on site-specific agricultural and biogeophysical contexts,so greater precision in targeting stewardship strategies to specific locations would help to optimize for ecosystem services and to more effectively internalize the downstream costs of farm nutrient management.

关键词： agriculture ecosystem services phosphorus sustainability water quality

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On the Necessary Grid Resolution for Verified Calculation of Premixed Laminar Flames

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Communications in Computational Physics 2010年第7期8卷 304-326页

作者： Ashraf N.Al-Khateeb Joseph m.powers Samuel Paolucci Department of Aerospace and mechanical Engineering University of Notre DameNotre DameIndiana 46556-5637USA

We consider the grid resolution necessary to resolve combustion in a mixture of calorically imperfect ideal gases described by detailed kinetics and multicomponent *** the steady premixed laminar flame as a paradigm,the required spatial discretization to capture all detailed physics in the reaction zone is found via 1)determination of the finest grid used in a standard software tool which employs adaptive mesh refinement,2)examination of peak values of intermediate species mass fractions in the flame zone as a function of grid size,3)a formal grid resolution study,and 4)a robust new eigenvalue analysis developed to estimate the finest length *** to laminar premixed flames in hydrogen-air flames reveals that the finest length scale is on the order of 10^(−4) cm for combustion at atmospheric *** at this scale is shown to be necessary to capture detailed species mass fraction profiles;other features such as steady flame speeds and equilibrium thermochemical properties do not have such a stringent length scale requirement.

关键词： Length scales premixed flames detailed kinetics

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Effect of Y^(3+), Gd^(3+) and La^(3+) dopant ions on structural, optical and electrical properties of o-mullite nanoparticles

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Journal of Rare Earths 2014年第1期32卷 37-42页

作者： m.m.S.Sanad m.m.Rashad E.A.Abdel-Aal m.F.El-Shahat K.powers Central metallurgical R & D Institute Particle Engineering Research Center University of Florida Faculty of Science Ain Shams University

Dielectric ceramics of m（x）Al6（1-x）Si2O13 doped mullite were synthesized via co-precipitation technique. The X-ray diffrac-tion profiles revealed that these nanoparticles were crystallized well and the volume of mullite unit cell was increased as a function of the ionic radius of dopant ion. TEm images showed regular orthorhombic crystal morphology for the pure mullite sample. meanwhile, the doped samples exhibited slightly distorted crystal morphology of larger particle sizes. DSC thermograms evinced that the exo-thermic peak temperature of mullite was shifted to the lower value with m3＋ion insertion. The photoluminescence spectra were stud-ied for mullite samples, and it was found that the intensity of the emission spectra was affected by the m3＋ion type. It was found that, Y3＋doped mullite achieved the minimum dielectric loss value of 0.01 in the radio wave frequency region （1 mHz）. meanwhile, Gd3＋doped mullite achieved the minimum dielectric loss value of 0.09 in the microwave frequency region （1 GHz）.

关键词： rare earths doped mullite photoluminescence crystallization temperature dielectric ceramics

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Efficient AUV Path Planning in Time-Variant Underwater Environment Using Differential Evolution Algorithm

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Journal of marine Science and Application 2018年第4期17卷 585-591页

作者： S.mahmoud Zadeh D.m.W powers A.m.Yazdani K.Sammut A.Atyabi School of Computer Science Engineering and Mathematics Flinders University Tonsley Centre for maritime Engineering Control and Imaging Flinders University Seattle Children's Research Institute University of Washington

Robust and efficient AUV path planning is a key element for persistence AUV maneuvering in variable underwater environments. To develop such a path planning system, in this study, differential evolution(DE) algorithm is employed. The performance of the DE-based planner in generating time-efficient paths to direct the AUV from its initial conditions to the target of interest is investigated within a complexed 3D underwater environment incorporated with turbulent current vector fields, coastal area,islands, and static/dynamic obstacles. The results of simulations indicate the inherent efficiency of the DE-based path planner as it is capable of extracting feasible areas of a real map to determine the allowed spaces for the vehicle deployment while coping undesired current disturbances, exploiting desirable currents, and avoiding collision boundaries in directing the vehicle to its destination. The results are implementable for a realistic scenario and on-board real AUV as the DE planner satisfies all vehicular and environmental constraints while minimizing the travel time/distance, in a computationally efficient manner.

关键词： Path planning Differential evolution Autonomous underwater vehicles Evolutionary algorithms Obstacle avoidance

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The mechanisms of color production in black skin versus red skin on the heads of New World vultures

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Avian Research 2023年第1期14卷 86-92页

作者： Nicholas m.Justyn matthew J.powers Geoffrey E.Hill Kayla Alexander Adrián Naveda-Rodríguez Scott A.Rush Department of Biological Sciences Auburn UniversityAuburnALUSA College of Veterinary medicine Mississippi State UniversityMississippiStateMSUSA Department of Wildlife Fisheriesand AquacultureMississippi State UniversityMississippi StateMSUSA

A determination of how the color of animal integument is produced is a starting point for investigations into the function and evolution of *** mechanisms that give rise to the color of bare skin of New World vultures are largely ***,we investigate the source of color production in the bare skin of Turkey Vultures(Cathartes aura)and Black Vultures(Coragyps atratus).Using UV-vis reflectance spectroscopy,we found evidence that hemoglobin is the primary pigment responsible for the red coloration of the bare skin on the heads of Turkey Vultures,and that eumelanin is responsible for the black coloration of the bare skin on the heads of Black *** microscopy of incisional skin samples further supported these mechanisms of color production by revealing the presence of numerous blood vessels near the surface of the Turkey Vulture skin,and a high concentration of melanosomes in the skin of Black *** high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC),we detected carotenoids within the skin of both species with significantly higher total concentrations of carotenoids in the skin of Turkey Vultures compared to the skin of Black *** carotenoids detected were dietary carotenoids that typically produce yellow coloration when accumulated in integument and were present in low *** hypothesize that the dietary carotenoids present do not contribute to the color of the skin,but rather help to compensate for the lack of melanosomes found in Turkey Vulture *** presence of additional carotenoids may act as an antioxidant to minimize UV damage when the bare Turkey Vulture head skin is exposed to direct sunlight for prolonged periods of time when soaring and scavenging for food.

关键词： Carotenoids Cathartes aura Coragyps atratus Hemoglobin High performance liquid chromatography melanosomes Skin biopsies

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Pre-osteoblastic mC3T3-E1 cells promote breast cancer growth in bone in a murine xenograft model

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Chinese Journal of Cancer 2011年第3期30卷 189-196页

作者： Thomas m. Bodenstine Benjamin H. Beck Xuemei Cao Leah m. Cook Aimen Ismail J. Kent powers Andrea m. mastro Danny R. Welch Department of Pathology University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL 35294 USA National Foundation for Cancer Research-Center for metastasis Research University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL 35294 USA Department of Biochemistry and molecular Biology Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA Department of Pharmacology/ Toxicology University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL 35294 USA Cell Biology University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL 35294 USA Comprehensive Cancer Center University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL 35294 USA Center for metabolic Bone Disease University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL 35294 USA.

The bones are the most common sites of breast cancer metastasis. Upon arrival within the bone microenvironment, breast cancer cells coordinate the activities of stromal cells, resulting in an increase in osteoclast activity and bone matrix degradation. In late stages of bone metastasis, breast cancer cells induce apoptosis in osteoblasts, which further exacerbates bone loss. However, in early stages, breast cancer cells induce osteoblasts to secrete inflammatory cytokines purported to drive tumor progression. To more thoroughly evaluate the role of osteoblasts in early stages of breast cancer metastasis to the bones, we used green fluorescent protein-labeled human breast cancer cell lines mDA-mB-231 and mDA-mB-435, which both induce osteolysis after intra-femoral injection in athymic mice, and the murine pre-osteoblastic cell line mC3T3-E1 to modulate osteoblast populations at the sites of breast cancer metastasis. Breast cancer cells were injected directly into the femur with or without equal numbers of mC3T3-E1 cells. Tumors grew significantly larger when co-injected with breast cancer cells and mC3T3-E1 cells than injected with breast cancer cells alone. Osteolysis was induced in both groups, indicating that mC3T3-E1 cells did not block the ability of breast cancer cells to cause bone destruction. mC3T3-E1 cells promoted tumor growth out of the bone into the extraosseous stroma. These data suggest that breast cancer cells and osteoblasts communicate during early stages of bone metastasis and promote tumor growth.

关键词：乳腺癌细胞成骨细胞肿瘤生长小鼠绿色荧光蛋白标记模型移植早期阶段

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Cost-Efficient medium Frequency Propagation Research with Software Defined Radio

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World Journal of Engineering and Technology 2024年第1期12卷 158-169页

作者： Casey m. Hess Sohail Anwar Division of Business Engineering and Information Sciences and Technology Department of Electromechanical Engineering Technology Pennsylvania State University Altoona Campus Altoona Pennsylvania USA Division of Business Engineering and Information Sciences and Technology Department of Engineering Pennsylvania State University Altoona Campus Altoona Pennsylvania USA

medium Frequency radio holds significance in modern society as it supports broadcasting and individual communications in the public, government, and military sectors. Enhancing the availability and quality of these communications is only possible by enhancing the understanding of medium frequency propagation. While traditional methods of radio wave propagation research can have a high material demand and cost, software defined radio presents itself as a versatile and low-cost platform for medium frequency signal reception and data acquisition. This paper details a research effort that utilizes software defined radio to help characterize medium frequency signal strength in relation to ionospheric and solar weather propagation determinants. Signal strength data from seven medium frequency stations of unique transmission locations and varying transmission powers were retrieved in 24-hour segments via a receiving loop antenna, Airspy HF+ Discovery software defined radio, and SDR Sharp software interface network. Retrieved data sets were visualized and analyzed in mATLAB for the identification of signal strength trends, which were subsequently compared to historical ionospheric and space weather indices in pursuit of a quantifiable correlation between such indices and medium frequency signal strengths. The results of the investigation prove that software defined radio, when used in conjunction with a receiving antenna and data analysis program, provides a versatile mechanism for cost-efficient propagation research.

关键词： Ionosphere Space Weather Airspy SDR SDR Sharp mATLAB Analysis

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The 10th Antarctic meteorological Observation,modeling,and Forecasting Workshop

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2016年第5期33卷 I0001-I0003页

作者： Steve R.COLWELL Arthur m.CAYETTE matthew A.LAZZARA Jordan G.powers David H.BROmWICH John J.CASSANO Scott CARPENTIER British Antarctic Survey CambridgeUnited Kingdom Space and Naval Warfare System Center Office of Polar Programs North Charleston SCUSA Antarctic meteorological Research Center Space Science and Engineering Center University of Wisconsin-Madisonand Department of Physical SciencesSchool of Arts and SciencesMadison Area Technical CollegeMadison WIUSA National Center for Atmospheric Research Boulder COUSA Polar meteorology Group Byrd Polar&Climate Research CenterThe Ohio State UniversityColumbus OHUSA Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences and Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences University of Colorado-BoulderBoulder COUSA Bureau of meteorology HobartTasmaniaAustralia

1. Overview The 10th Antarctic meteorological Observation, modeling, and Forecasting Workshop （hereinafter AmOmFW） took place June 17-19, 2015 in the historic city of Cambridge, United Kingdom. The meeting followed its purpose of connecting Antarctic atmospheric science to weatherrelated operational issues and advances in observing, modeling, forecasting, and understanding the Antarctic environment.

关键词： AmRC modeling

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The 16th Workshop on Antarctic meteorology and Climate and 6th Year of Polar Prediction in the Southern Hemisphere meeting

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2022年第3期39卷 536-542页

作者： David H.BROmWICH matthew A.LAZZARA Arthur m.CAYETTE Jordan G.powers Kirstin WERNER John J.CASSANO Steven R.COLWELL Scott CARPENTIER Xun ZOU Byrd Polar and Climate Research Center The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhio 43210USA Antarctic meteorological Research Center Space Science and Engineering CenterUniversity of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWisconsin 53704USA Department of Physical Sciences Madison Area Technical CollegeMadisonWisconsin 53706 USA Naval Information Warfare Center CharlestonSouth Carolina 29406USA National Center for Atmospheric Research BoulderColorado 53706USA Year of Polar Prediction(YOPP)International Coordination Office Alfred Wegener InstituteHelmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine ResearchBremerhaven 27570Germany National Snow and Ice Data Center Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences and Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic SciencesUniversity of ColoradoBoulderColorado 80309USA British Antarctic Survey Cambridge CB30ETUnited Kingdom Bureau of meteorology Hobart 7001Australia

1. Overview In June 2021, the 16th Workshop on Antarctic meteorology and Climate (WAmC) and the 6th Year of Polar Prediction in the Southern Hemisphere (YOPP-SH) meeting (http://***/WAmC;021/) were held online and hosted by the Polar meteorology Group at Byrd Polar and Climate Research Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus,Ohio (Fig. 1).

关键词： Antarctic Hemisphere Climate

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The 13th and 14th Workshops on Antarctic meteorology and Climate

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2020年第5期37卷 423-430页

作者： matthew A.LAZZARA Sophie A.ORENDORF Taylor P.NORTON Jordan G.powers David H.BROmWICH Scott CARPENTIER John J.CASSANO Steven R.COLWELL Arthur m.CAYETTE Kirstin WERNER Antarctic meteorological Research Center Space Science and Engineering CenterUniversity of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI 53706USA Department of Physical Sciences School of Arts and SciencesMadison Area Technical CollegeMadison WI 53704USA Department of Atmospheric Sciences University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI 53706USA National Center for Atmospheric Research Boulder CO 53706USA Polar meteorology Group Byrd Polar&Climate Research CenterThe Ohio State UniversityColumbus OH 43210USA Bureau of meteorology HobartTasmania 7001Australia Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences and Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences University of ColoradoBoulderCO 80309USA British Antarctic Survey Cambridge CB30ETUnited Kingdom Naval Information Warfare Center CharlestonSC 29406USA Year of Polar Prediction(YOPP)International Coordination Office Alfred Wegener InstituteHelmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine ResearchBremerhaven 27570Germany

*** In July 2018,the Antarctic community came together to meet at the 13th Workshop on Antarctic meteorology and Climate(WAmC)in madison,Wisconsin,USA(Fig.1);and in the following year in June 2019,the 14th WAmC was held in Charleston,South Carolina,USA(Fig.2).With a growing history,the WAmC addresses the topics of Antarctic meteorology and climate(Kameda et al.,2008;Colwell et al.,2016;Lazzara et al.,2018)as well as weather-related issues of scientific and operational *** workshops bring together researchers,operational forecasters,numerical modelers,observational specialists,and *** themes of both workshops included Antarctic meteorological observations,Antarctic atmospheric numerical modeling,Antarctic meteorological and climate research,and Antarctic weather forecasting and operational *** 2018 and 2019 WAmC were both followed by a one-day focus on the Year of Polar Prediction-Southern Hemisphere(YOPP-SH),when preparations and follow-up discussions were made with regard to the YOPP Special Observing Period from 16 November 2018 to 15 February 2019.

关键词： Antarctic weather meteorological

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