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Time scales and length scales in magma ?ow pathways and the origin ofmagmatic Ni-Cu-PGE ore deposits

Geoscience Frontiers 2019年第1期10卷 77-87页

作者： stephen j.barnes jesse C.Robertson CSIRO Mineral Resources

Ore forming processes involve the redistribution of heat, mass and momentum by a wide range of processes operating at different time and length scales. The fastest process at any given length scale tends to be the dominant control. Applying this principle to the array of physical processes that operate within magma flow pathways leads to some key insights into the origins of magmatic Ni-Cu-PGE sulfide ore deposits. A high proportion of mineralised systems, including those in the super-giant Noril'sk-Talnakh camp, are formed in small conduit intrusions where assimilation of country rock has played a major role. Evidence of this process is reflected in the common association of sulfides with varitextured contaminated host rocks containing xenoliths in varying stages of assimilation. Direct incorporation of S-bearing country rock xenoliths is likely to be the dominant mechanism for generating sulfide liquids in this setting. However, the processes of melting or dissolving these xenoliths is relatively slow compared with magma flow rates and, depending on xenolith lithology and the composition of the carrier magma, slow compared with settling and accumulation rates. Chemical equilibration between sulfide droplets and silicate magma is slower still, as is the process of dissolving sulfide liquid into initially undersaturated silicate magmas. Much of the transport and deposition of sulfide in the carrier magmas may occur while sulfide is still incorporated in the xenoliths, accounting for the common association of magmatic sulfide-matrix ore breccias and contaminated "taxitic" host rocks. Effective upgrading of so-formed sulfide liquids would require repetitive recycling by processes such as reentrainment, back flow or gravity flow operating over the lifetime of the magma transport system as a whole. In contrast to mafic-hosted systems, komatiite-hosted ores only rarely show an association with externally-derived xenoliths, an observation which is partially due to the predominant formation of ores in lava flows rather

关键词： Magmatic ore deposits Assimilation Intrusions Nickel Norilsk Komatiites

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An Elevated Perspective: Dyke-Related Fracture Networks Analysed with Uav Photogrammetry

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2016年第S1期90卷 54-55页

作者： Gregory DERING Steven MICKLETHWAITE stephen j.barnes Marco FIORENTINI Alexander CRUDEN Eric TOHVER School of Earth Sciences ARC Centre of Excellence for Core to Crust Fluid Systems University of Western Australia Mineral Resources Flagship CSIRO School of Earth Atmosphere and Environment Monash University

An abundance of data from seismic and geodetic monitoring has provided new insight into dyke propagation and emplacement mechanisms.These studies show that faulting and fracturing is part of the magma

关键词： rock An Elevated Perspective Dyke-Related Fracture Networks Analysed with Uav Photogrammetry

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Ground-based and additional science support for SMILE

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 275-298页

作者： j.A.Carter M.Dunlop C.Forsyth K.Oksavik E.Donovon A.Kavanagh S.E.Milan T.Sergienko R.C.Fear D.G.Sibeck M.Connors T.Yeoman X.Tan M.G.G.T.Taylor K.McWilliams j.Gjerloev R.barnes D.D.Billet G.Chisham A.Dimmock M.P.Freeman D.-S.Han M.D.Hartinger S.-Y.W.Hsieh Z.-j.Hu M.K.james L.juusola K.Kauristie E.A.Kronberg M.Lester j.Manuel j.Matzka I.McCrea Y.Miyoshi j.Rae L.Ren F.Sigernes E.Spanswick K.Sterne A.Steuwer T.Sun M.-T.Walach B.Walsh C.Wang j.Weygand j.Wild j.Yan j.Zhang Q.-H.Zhang Planetary Sciences Group School of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of LeicesterUniversity RoadLeicesterLE17RHUK Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Space Science Technology Facilities CouncilOxfordshireUK School of Space and Environment Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China Key Laboratory of Space Environment Monitoring and Information Processing Ministry of Industry and Information TechnologyBeijing 100017China Department of Space and Climate Physics UCLMullard Space Science LaboratoryHolmbury St.MaryDorkingSurreyRH56NTUK Birkeland Centre for Space Science Department of Physics and Technology.University of BergenBergenNorway Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Calgary2500 University DriveCalgaryAlbertaCanada T2N 1N4 British Antarctic Survey CambridgeUK Swedish Institute of Space Physics KirunaSweden West Highfield Campus University of SouthamptonUniversity RoadSO171BJUK Goddard Space Flight Center NASAGreenbeltMarylandUSA Athabasca University AthabascaCanada ESTEC European Space AgencyNetherlands University of Saskatchewan SaskatoonCanada The johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory LaurelMarylandUSA Swedish Institude of Space Physics UppsalaSE 75121Sweden Tongji University Shanghai 200092China Center for Space Plasma Physics Space Science Institute4765 Walnut Street Suite BBoulderColorado80301USA Polar Research Institute of China Shanghai 200136China Finnish Meteorological Institute(FMI) Finland Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences(Geophysics) Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich(LMU)MunichTheresienstr.41MunichD-80333Germany Canadian Space Agency MontrealCanada GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences PotsdamGermany Nagoya University Institute for Space Earth Environment ResearchCenter for Integrated Data ScienceNagoyaAichiJP 464-8601 Northumbria University Newcastle upon TyneTyne and WearUK NE18ST National Space Science Center Chinese Academy SciencesBeijing 100190China Arctic Geophysics University Centre in Svalbard

The joint European Space Agency and Chinese Academy of Sciences Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE)mission will explore global dynamics of the magnetosphere under varying solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field conditions,and simultaneously monitor the auroral response of the Northern Hemisphere ionosphere.Combining these large-scale responses with medium and fine-scale measurements at a variety of cadences by additional ground-based and space-based instruments will enable a much greater scientific impact beyond the original goals of the SMILE mission.Here,we describe current community efforts to prepare for SMILE,and the benefits and context various experiments that have explicitly expressed support for SMILE can offer.A dedicated group of international scientists representing many different experiment types and geographical locations,the Ground-based and Additional Science Working Group,is facilitating these efforts.Preparations include constructing an online SMILE Data Fusion Facility,the discussion of particular or special modes for experiments such as coherent and incoherent scatter radar,and the consideration of particular observing strategies and spacecraft conjunctions.We anticipate growing interest and community engagement with the SMILE mission,and we welcome novel ideas and insights from the solar-terrestrial community.

关键词： magnetosphere ionosphere magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling ground-based experimentation SMILE conjunctions missions

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Zircon age depth-profiling sheds light on the early Caledonian evolution of the Seve Nappe Complex in west-central j?mtland

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Geoscience Frontiers 2022年第2期13卷 460-470页

作者： Katarzyna Walczak Christopher j.barnes jaroslaw Majka David G.Gee Iwona Klonowska AGH University of Science and Technology Faculty of GeologyGeophysics and Environmental Protectional.Mickiewicza 3030-059 KrakówPoland Uppsala University Department of Earth SciencesVillavagen 16752-36 UppsalaSweden

The Scandinavian Caledonides comprise nappe stacks of far-travelled allochthons that record closure of the Iapetus Ocean and subsequent continental collision of Baltica and Laurentia.The Seve Nappe Complex(SNC)of the Scandinavian Caledonides includes relics of the outermost Baltoscandian passive margin that were subducted to mantle depths.The earliest of the deep subduction events has been dated to ca.500-480 Ma.Evidence of this event has been reported from the northern exposures of the SNC.Farther south in the central and southern segments of the SNC,(ultra)high-pressure rocks have yielded younger ages in the range of ca.470-440 Ma.This study provides the first record of the early Caledonian event in the southern SNC.The evidence has been obtained by depth profiling of zircon grains that were extracted from the Tv?r?klumparna microdiamond-bearing gneiss.These zircon grains preserve eclogite facies overgrowths that crystallized at 482.6±3.8 Ma.A second,chemically-distinct zircon overgrowth records granulite facies metamorphism at 439.3±3.6 Ma,which corroborates previous geochronological evidence for granulite facies metamorphism at this time.Based on these results,we propose that the entire outer margin of Baltica was subducted in the late Cambrian to early Ordovician,but the record of this event may be almost entirely eradicated in the vast majority of lithologies by pervasive late Ordovician to early Silurian metamorphism.

关键词： Caledonian Orogeny Seve Nappe Complex Zircon geochronology Depth profiling HP/UHP metamorphism Double dunking

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Release, Recycle, Rebuild： Cell-Wall Remodeling, Autodegradation, and Sugar Salvage for New Wall Biosynthesis during Plant Development

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Molecular Plant 2018年第1期11卷 31-46页

作者： William j. barnes Charles T. Anderson Department of Biology Center for Ugnocellulose Structure and Formation The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA

Plant cell walls contain elaborate polysaccharide networks and regulate plant growth, development, mechanics, cell-cell communication and adhesion, and defense. Despite conferring rigidity to support plant structures, the cell wall is a dynamic extracellular matrix that is modified, reorganized, and degraded to tightly control its properties during growth and development. Far from being a terminal carbon sink, many wall polymers can be degraded and recycled by plant cells, either via direct re-incorporation by trans- glycosylation or via internalization and metabolic salvage of wall-derived sugars to produce new precur- sors for wall synthesis. However, the physiological and metabolic contributions of wall recycling to plant growth and development are largely undefined. In this review, we discuss long-standing and recent evi- dence supporting the occurrence of cell-wall recycling in plants, make predictions regarding the develop- mental processes to which wall recycling might contribute, and identify outstanding questions and emerging experimental tools that might be used to address these questions and enhance our understanding of this poorly characterized aspect of wall dynamics and metabolism.

关键词： Plant cell walls wall degradation wall recycling wall biosynthesis

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Second and Third Trimester Fetal Death in the Setting of COVID-19: A California 2020 Case Series

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Maternal-Fetal Medicine 2022年第2期4卷 127-129页

作者： Rosalyn E.Plotzker Similoluwa Sowunmi Valorie Eckert Emily barnes Van Ngo Lauren j.Stockman Chloe LeMarchand Umme-Aiman Halai Division of Communicable Disease Control Center for Infectious DiseaseCalifornia Department of Public Health(CDPH)RichmondCA 94804USA California Birth Defects Monitoring Program Center for Family HealthCalifornia Department of Public Health(CDPH)RichmondCA 94804USA Los Angeles County Department of Public Health Los AngelesCA 90012USA.

Maternal severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)infection in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy may impact fetal development via vertical transmission,complications of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),or placental injury.However,potential associations between prenatal SARS-CoV-2 infection and fetal loss are not well understood.This case series of thirteen second and third trimester fetal losses reported by local public health departments to California’s state public health surveillance included maternal clinical and demographic characteristics as well as placental pathology,fetal autopsy reports,and coroner report.There was no evidence that maternal COVID-19 disease severity,placental injury,or SARS-CoV-2 vertical transmission contributed to pregnancy loss.However,this case series is a limited sample;more research is needed to identify factors of prenatal SARS-CoV-2 that may contribute to fetal death in the second and third trimesters.

关键词： COVID-19 Fetal death Prenatal infection Stillbirth

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Retention of fin clips and fin and operculum punch marks in rainbow trout

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Aquaculture and Fisheries 2022年第6期7卷 660-663页

作者： Alex j.Rosburg jacob L.Davis Michael E.barnes South Dakota Department of Game Fishand Parks4725 Jackson BoulevardRapid CitySD57702USA South Dakota Department of Game Fishand Parks4130 Adventure TrailRapid CitySD57702USA South Dakota Department of Game Fishand Parks19619 Trout Loop SpearfishSouth Dakota57783USA

Fin clips(complete fin removal)or punch marks(stamping of a hole)in fins or operculum are quick and inexpensive methods to identify individuals or groups of fish.This study evaluated the retention of 6 mm diameter punch marks on the operculum,caudal(upper and lower lobes),dorsal,pelvic,and anal fins,and fin clips on adipose,pectoral,pelvic,dorsal and anal fins of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss for 279 days.Growth and survival were not significantly different among fish with the different mark types or locations.At the end of the experiment,100%of adipose clips,97%of pectoral and anal fin clips,and 93%of dorsal clips and pelvic fin clips were retained.Retention of punch marks was 57%and 50%for the lower and upper caudal fin lobe locations respectively,23%for the dorsal fin,and 3%for the operculum.No pelvic or anal fin punch marks were identified at the end of the trial.Significant differences in retention among the treatment groups did not occur until 125 days post marking,after which all fin clip treatments had significantly greater retention than pelvic and dorsal punch marks.Beyond 244 days,fin clips outperformed all punch mark locations.

关键词： Marking Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss Fin punch Fin clip Mark retention

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加拿大Quetico沉积变质带中亚固相浅色体与深熔混合岩浅色体的时间及成分的差异

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地质科技情报 1989年第3期8卷 19-25页

作者： E.W.Sawyer S.-j.barnes 王河锦

Quetico沉积变质带中的混合岩含有两类浅色体:1.顺层浅色体:它们是在变形作用与前进变质作用中产生的.与 Quetico沉积变质物相比较,这些浅色体富含sio_2、Sr和Eu,而贫Tio_2、Fe_2O_3、MgO、Cs、Rb、REE、Sc、Th、Zr及Hf.2.切层浅色体:... 详细信息

Quetico沉积变质带中的混合岩含有两类浅色体:1.顺层浅色体:它们是在变形作用与前进变质作用中产生的.与 Quetico沉积变质物相比较,这些浅色体富含sio_2、Sr和Eu,而贫Tio_2、Fe_2O_3、MgO、Cs、Rb、REE、Sc、Th、Zr及Hf.2.切层浅色体:它们形成于区域性褶皱事件之后,此时变质温度正值其峰值.与Quetico沉积变质物相比,这些浅色体富含Rb、Ba、Sr和Eu,且LREE、Th、Zr和Hf的含量变化较大.顺层浅色体是由一种称为构造分结作用的亚固相过程所形成的.这种由应力导致的块体转移过程于Quetico沉积变质物被埋藏而发生变形时就己开始,并在岩石经受应力和非均质化的过程中一直都在持续进行,亚固相浅色体的成分是与在压溶作用下经主岩活化作用而来的石英和长石相一致的.切层浅色体是在变质带的抬升过程中由Quetico沉积变质岩的部分熔融所形成的.在浅色体侵位过程中,由于结晶分馏作用而使深熔浅色体的成分有很大变化.有些深熔浅色体保存了初始熔体的成分,并具有平滑的REE型式,而具负EU异常的那些则代表分馏熔体,其它具有正EU异常的深熔浅色体则代表长石与所俘获对熔体的聚集.

关键词： Quetico 沉积变质混合岩初始熔体变质作用切层侵位变质带变形作用部分熔融

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COPD疾病中的小气道问题

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中国处方药 2004年第12期3卷 34-35页

作者： Peter j.barnes 谢单丹

慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)是一个不断扩大化的全球性主要疾病问题.1990年它在全球常见致死病因中列第六位,而疾病的全球性负荷研究报告预测到2020年它会成为全球疾病的第三大死因.COPD也影响了人们的正常工作,使得人们的医疗费用不断增加... 详细信息

慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)是一个不断扩大化的全球性主要疾病问题.1990年它在全球常见致死病因中列第六位,而疾病的全球性负荷研究报告预测到2020年它会成为全球疾病的第三大死因.COPD也影响了人们的正常工作,使得人们的医疗费用不断增加,目前花费在COPD的医疗支出已超过了哮喘的支出.然而在所有的普通疾病中,COPD显然是被相对忽略的,对它致病的细胞和分子机制的研究投资少,且目前没有任何可减缓疾病不断恶化的治疗方案出台.

关键词： COPD 小气道疾病常见医疗支出正常哮喘问题增加扩大化

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Brown Trout Redd Locations in the Northernmost Section of Spearfish Creek in Spearfish, South Dakota, USA

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Natural Resources 2022年第1期13卷 1-15页

作者： Michael j. Robidoux jill M. Voorhees Abigail Domagall Michael E. barnes South Dakota Department of Game Fish and Parks McNenny State Fish Hatchery Spearfish South Dakota USA School of Natural Sciences Environmental Physical Science Black Hills State University Spearfish South Dakota USA

Salmonid fish are known to reproduce throughout the Black Hills in South Dakota, however, it is not known when or where they are spawning or how successful their spawning is. This study documented for the first-time brown trout (Salmo trutta) redd locations and redd construction timing in a 1.6 km reach of Spearfish Creek, within the northern most part of the city of Spearfish, South Dakota, USA in 2020. Redds were first observed on October 13, 2020, with observations continuing until November 17 when no new redds were spotted. Redd construction peaked during the first week of November, with 52 observed. A total of 146 redds was recorded over the course of the study, resulting in a density of 91 redds/km. This is the first study to document redds in this section of Spearfish Creek. These observations will allow for comparisons to future spawning activity which may be impacted by the increased urbanization likely along this section of the creek. Hopefully, This study can also guide future research and habitat projects throughout this section of Spearfish Creek, and potentially throughout this region.

关键词： Brown Trout Redds Spawning Spearfish South Dakota

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