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Is perinatal neuroendocrine programming involved in the developmental origins of metabolic disorders?

World Journal of Diabetes 2011年第12期2卷 211-216页

作者： David IW Phillips stephen g matthews MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit South-ampton General Hospital Department of Physiology Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto Medical Sciences Building 1 King's College Circle

The discovery that small size at birth and during infancy are associated with a higher risk of diabetes and related metabolic disease in later life has pointed to the importance of developmental factors in these conditions. The birth size associations are thought to refl ect exposure to adverse environmental factors during early development but the mechanisms involved are still not fully understood. Animal and human work has pointed to the importance of changes in the setpoint of a number of key hormonal systems controlling growth and development. These include the IgF-1/gH axis, gonadal hormones and, in particular, the systems mediating the classical stress response. Several studies show that small size at birth is linked with increased activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and sympathoadrenal system in adult life. More recent human studies have shown associations between specif ic adverse experiences during pregnancy, such as famine or the consumption of adverse diets, and enhanced stress responses many decades later. The mediators of these neuroendocrine responses are biologically potent and are likely to have a direct infl uence on the risk of metabolic disease. These neuroendocrine changes may also have an evolutionary basis being part of broader process, termed phenotypic plasticity, by which adverse environmental cues experienced during development modify the structure and physiology of the adult towards a phenotype adapted for adversity. The changes are clearly advantageous if they lead to a phenotype which is well-adapted for the adult environment, but may lead to disease if there is subsequent overnutrition or other unexpected environmental conditions.

关键词： Neuroendocrine fetal programming Metabolic disease Diabetes Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis Stress responses Birth weight

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Neuropeptide cholecystokinin:a key neuromodulator for hippocampal functions

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 1991-1992页

作者： Fengwen Huang stephen Temitayo Bello Department of Neuroscience City University of Hong KongKowloon TongHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina Center for Regenerative Medicine and Health Hong Kong Institute of Science&InnovationChinese Academy of SciencesHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina

Spatial memory is crucial for survival within external surroundings and wild *** hippocampus,a critical hub for spatial learning and memory formation,has received extensive investigations on how neuromodulators shape its functions(Teixeira et al.,2018;Zhang et al.,2024).However,the landscape of neuromodulations in the hippocampal system remains poorly understood because most studies focus on classical monoamine neuromodulators,such as acetylcholine,serotonin,dopamine,and *** neuropeptides,comprising the most abundant neuromodulators in the central nervous system,play a pivotal role in neural information processing in the hippocampal ***(CCK),one of the most abundant neuropeptides,has been implicated in regulating various physiological and neurobiological statuses(Chen et al.,2019).CCK-A receptor(CCK-AR)and CCK-B receptors(CCK-BR)are two key receptors mediating the biological functions of CCK,both of which belong to class-A sevenfold transmembrane g protein-coupled receptors(Nishimura et al.,2015).CCK-AR preferentially reacts to sulfated CCK,whereas CCK-BR binds both CCK and gastrin with similar affinities(Ding et al.,2022).The expression patterns of CCK-AR and CCK-BR are distinct,implying that CCK has various functions in target *** instance,CCK-AR is widely expressed in the gI and brain subregions and is hence implicated in the control of digestive function and satiety ***,CCK-BR is abundantly and widely distributed in the central nervous system,which majorly regulates anxiety,learning,and memory(Ding et al.,2022).However,the roles of endogenous CCK and CCK receptors in regulating hippocampal function at electrophysiological and behavioral levels have received less attention.

关键词： abundant functions modulator

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Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived therapies for regeneration after central nervous system injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第11期20卷 3063-3075页

作者： stephen Vidman Yee Hang Ethan Ma Nolan Fullenkamp giles W.Plant Department of Neuroscience Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA

In recent years,the progression of stem cell therapies has shown great promise in advancing the nascent field of regenerative *** the non-regenerative nature of the mature central nervous system,the concept that“blank”cells could be reprogrammed and functionally integrated into host neural networks remained *** work has also demonstrated the ability of such cells to stimulate intrinsic growth programs in post-mitotic cells,such as *** embryonic stem cells demonstrated great potential in treating central nervous system pathologies,ethical and technical concerns *** barriers,along with the clear necessity for this type of treatment,ultimately prompted the advent of induced pluripotent stem *** advantage of pluripotent cells in central nervous system regeneration is multifaceted,permitting differentiation into neural stem cells,neural progenitor cells,glia,and various neuronal *** precise spatiotemporal application of extrinsic growth factors in vitro,in addition to microenvironmental signaling in vivo,influences the efficiency of this directed *** the pluri-or multipotency of these cells is appealing,it also poses the risk of unregulated differentiation and teratoma *** of the neuroectodermal lineage,such as neuronal subpopulations and glia,have been explored with varying degrees of *** the risk of cancer or teratoma formation is greatly reduced,each subpopulation varies in effectiveness and is influenced by a myriad of factors,such as the timing of the transplant,pathology type,and the ratio of accompanying progenitor ***,successful transplantation requires innovative approaches to develop delivery vectors that can mitigate cell death and support ***,host immune responses to allogeneic grafts must be thoroughly characterized and further developed to reduce the need for *** to a clinical setting wi

关键词： axon regeneration central nervous system regeneration induced pluripotent stem cells neurotrauma regenerative medicine spinal cord injury stem cell therapy

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Stepping up after spinal cord injury:negotiating an obstacle during walking

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 1919-1929页

作者： Alain Frigon Charly g.Lecomte Department of Pharmacology-Physiology Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversitéde SherbrookeCentre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de SherbrookeSherbrookeQCCanada

Every day walking consists of frequent voluntary modifications in the gait pattern to negotiate *** spinal cord injury,stepping over an obstacle becomes *** over an obstacle requires sensorimotor transformations in several structures of the brain,including the parietal cortex,premotor cortex,and motor *** information and planning are transformed into motor commands,which are sent from the motor cortex to spinal neuronal circuits to alter limb trajectory,coordinate the limbs,and maintain *** spinal cord injury,bidirectional communication between the brain and spinal cord is disrupted and animals,including humans,fail to voluntarily modify limb trajectory to step over an ***,in this review,we discuss the neuromechanical control of stepping over an obstacle,why it fails after spinal cord injury,and how it recovers to a certain extent.

关键词： biomechanics locomotion neurophysiology obstacle negotiation spinal cord injury

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An SPH Framework for Earthquake-Induced Liquefaction Hazard Assessment of geotechnical Structures

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2025年第1期142卷 251-277页

作者： Sourabh Mhaski g.V.Ramana Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology DelhiNew Delhi110016India

Earthquake-induced soil liquefaction poses significant risks to the stability of geotechnical structures *** understanding of the liquefaction triggering,and the post-failure large deformation behaviour is essential for designing resilient *** present study develops a Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics(SPH)framework for earthquake-induced liquefaction hazard assessment of geotechnical *** coupled flowdeformation behaviour of soils subjected to cyclic loading is described using the PM4Sand model implemented in a three-phase,single-layer SPH framework.A staggered discretisation scheme based on the stress particle SPH approach is adopted to minimise numerical inaccuracies caused by zero-energy modes and tensile ***,non-reflecting boundary conditions for seismic analysis of semi-infinite soil domains using the SPH method are *** numerical framework is employed for the analysis of cyclic direct simple shear test,seismic analysis of a level ground site,and liquefaction-induced failure of the Lower San Fernando *** agreement for liquefaction triggering and post-failure behaviour demonstrates that the SPH framework can be utilised to assess the effect of seismic loading on field-scale geotechnical *** present study also serves as the basis for future advancements of the SPH method for applications related to earthquake geotechnical engineering.

关键词： Earthquake seismic liquefaction stress particle PM4Sand smoothed particle hydrodynamics(SPH)

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gap analysis in decision support systems for real-estate in the era of the digital earth

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2021年第1期14卷 121-138页

作者： Hamidreza Rabiei-Dastjerdi gavin McArdle stephen A.matthews Peter Keenan School of Computer Science and CeADAR University College Dublin(UCD)DublinIreland Department of Sociology&Criminology and Department of Anthropology The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkUSA School of Business University College Dublin(UCD)DublinIreland

Searching for a property is inherently a multicriteria spatial *** decision is primarily based on three high-level criteria composed of household needs,building facilities,and location *** choice is driven by diverse characteristics;including but not limited to environmental factors,access,services,and the socioeconomic status of a *** article aims to identify the gap between theory and practice in presenting information on location choice by using a gap analysis methodology through the development of a sevenfactor classification tool and an assessment of international property *** the availability of digital earth data,the results suggest that real-estate websites are poor at providing sufficient location information to support efficient spatial decision *** on a case study in Dublin,Ireland,we find that although neighbourhood digital earth data may be readily available to support decision making,the gap *** hypothesise that the reason is ***,there is a technical challenge to transform location data into usable ***,the market may not wish to provide location information which can be perceived as *** conclude this article with a discussion of critical issues necessary for designing a spatial decision support system for real-estate decision making.

关键词： gap analysis digital earth spatial decision support systems(SDSS) spatial data real-estate Dublin

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Bioelectronic medicine in modulation of cortical spreading depolarization and beyond

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第2期20卷 481-482页

作者： Khaled Alok Timothy g.White Chunyan Li Department of Neurosurgery Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/NorthwellHempsteadNYUSA Translational Brain Research Laboratory The Feinstein Institutes for Medical ResearchManhassetNYUSA

Bioelectronic interventions,specifically trigeminal nerve st imulat ion(TNS),have attracted considerable attention in conditions where cortical spreading depolarizations(CSDs)accompanied by compromised cerebral perfusion may exacerbate neurological *** pharmacological interventions have demonstrated initial potential in addressing CSDs,a standardized treatment approach has not yet been *** objective of this perspective is to explore emerging bioelectronic methodologies for addressing CSDs,particularly emphasizing TNS,and to underscore TNS’s capacity to enhance neurovascular coupling and cerebral perfusion.

关键词： cerebral perfusion electronic

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Assessment of widely used methods to derive depositional ages from detrital zircon populations

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geoscience Frontiers 2019年第4期10卷 1421-1435页

作者： Daniel S.Coutts William A.matthews stephen M.Hubbard Department of geoscience University of Calgary

The calculation of a maximum depositional age(MDA)from a detrital zircon sample can provide insight into a variety of geological ***,the impact of sample size and calculation method on the accuracy of a resulting MDA has not been *** use large populations of synthetic zircon dates(N≈25,000)to analyze the impact of varying sample size(n),measurement uncertainty,and the abundance of neardepositional-age zircons on the accuracy and uncertainty of 9 commonly used MDA calculation ***,a new method,the youngest statistical population is *** each method,500 samples of n synthetic dates were drawn from the parent population and MDAs were *** mean and standard deviation of each method ove r the 500 trials at each n-value(50-1000,in increments of 50)were compa red to the known depositional age of the synthetic population and used to compare the methods quantitatively in two simulation *** first simulation scenario varied the proportion of near-depositional-age grains in the synthetic *** second scenario varied the uncertainty of the dates used to calculate the *** sample size initially decreased the mean residual error and standard deviation calculated by each *** higher n-values(>~300 grains),calculated MDAs changed more slowly and the mean resid ual error increased or decreased depending on the method *** the p roportion of near-depositional-age grains and lowering measurement uncertainty decreased the number of measurements required for the calculated MDAs to stabilize and decreased the standard deviation in calculated MDAs of the 500 *** of the two simulation scenarios show that the most successful way to increase the accuracy of a calculated M DA is by acquiring a large number of low-uncertainty measurements(300300)approach is used if the calculation of accurate MDAs are key to research *** acquisition method s,such as high-to moderate-precision m

关键词： Detrital zircon Maximum depositional age geochronology Basin chronology LA-ICP-MS

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Predisposing factors’effects on mortality of oak (Quercus) and hickory (Carya) species in mature forests undergoing mesophication in Appalachian Ohio

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Forest Ecosystems 2021年第1期8卷 81-94页

作者： Don C.Radcliffe David M.Hix stephen N.matthews School of Environment and Natural Resources The Ohio State University2021 Coffey RoadColumbus OH 43210USA School of Environmental and Forest Sciences University of WashingtonBox 352100Seattle WA 98195-2100USA

Background:Mature oak(Quercus spp.)and hickory(Carya spp.)trees are gradually being replaced by more shadetolerant tree species across the eastern U.S.,likely due to fire suppression and increased *** and hickories are highly valuable to wildlife;therefore,studying their mortality patterns can provide information on the longevity of habitat quality for many animal *** mortality has most often been studied following large oak decline events,but background mortality rates in forests with aging oak and hickory canopies warrant equal attention,especially in the context of widespread oak and hickory regeneration ***:We studied background mortality rates of five oak and one hickory species over a 23–25 year time period(1993–1995 to 2018),using 821/20th hectare permanent plots on the Marietta Unit of the Wayne National Forest in southeastern *** calculated mortality rates based on remeasurement of individual trees for white oak(Quercus alba),chestnut oak(Quercus montana),northern red oak(Quercus rubra),black oak(Quercus velutina),scarlet oak(Quercus coccinea),and pignut hickory(Carya glabra).For each of these species other than scarlet oak,we also modeled the relationships of mortality probability with a priori topographic,soil,stand structural,and individual tree covariates,using a mixed-effects logistic regression ***:The species with the highest mortality rate was scarlet oak(61.3%),followed by northern red oak(41.4%),black oak(26.7%),pignut hickory(23.9%),white oak(23.4%),and chestnut oak(19.1%).In our models,northern red oak mortality was associated with more mesic slope positions,shallower solums,more acidic soils,and older stand *** hickory and chestnut oak mortality rates were associated with higher basal areas on the plot,while white oak mortality showed the opposite ***:Our data suggest that red oak subgenus trees in mature forests of our area will become increasingly uncommon relative t

关键词： Mortality Quercus Carya Mesophication Wildlife habitat

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Impact of Zika virus non-structural protein mutations on hippocampal damage

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第8期20卷 2307-2308页

作者： Larissa M.g.Cassiano Roney S.Coimbra Neurogenômica/Imunopatologia Instituto RenéRachouFiocruzBelo HorizonteBrazil Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia Instituto de Ciências BiológicasUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteBrazil

The Zika virus(ZIKV),a member of the Flaviviridae family,attracted worldwide attention for its connection to severe neurological effects,notably microcephaly in newborns,first reported during the 2015 epidemic in ***,its impact goes beyond fetal and neonatal abnormalities,also affecting the central nervous system(CNS)in both children and adults,leading to enduring cognitive and behavioral impairments.

关键词： damage fetal neonatal

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