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Selection of a cut-off for high-and low-methane producers using a spot-methane breath test:results from a large north American dataset of hydrogen,methane and carbon dioxide measurements in breath

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Gastroenterology Report 2017年第3期5卷 193-199,I0001,I0002页

作者： Klaus Gottlieb Chenxiong Le Vince Wacher Joe Sliman Christine Cruz Tyler Porter stephen carter Synthetic Biologics Inc. RockvilleMarylandUSA Commonwealth Laboratories LLC SalemMassachusettsUSA

Background:Levels of breath methane,together with breath hydrogen,are determined by means of repeated collections of both,following ingestion of a carbohydrate substrate,at 15–20 minutes intervals,until 10 samples have been *** frequent sampling is required to capture a rise of hydrogen emissions,which typically occur later in the test:in contrast,methane levels are typically elevated at *** methane emissions represent the principal objective of the test,a spot methane test(i.e.a single-time-point sample taken after an overnight fast without administration of substrate)may be ***:We analysed 10-sample lactulose breath test data from 11674 consecutive unique subjects who submitted samples to Commonwealth Laboratories(Salem,MA,USA)from sites in all of the states of the USA over a one-year *** North American Consensus(NAC)guidelines criteria for breath testing served as a reference ***:The overall prevalence of methane-positive subjects(by NAC criteria)was 20.4%,based on corrected methane results,and 18.9% based on raw *** our USA dataset,the optimal cut-off level to maximize sensitivity and specificity was4ppm CH4,94.5%[confidence interval(CI):93.5–95.4%]and 95.0%(CI:94.6–95.5%),*** use of a correction factor(CF)(5%CO_(2) as numerator)led to reclassifications CH4-high to CH_(4)-low in 0.7% and CH_(4)-low to CH_(4)-high in 2.1%.Conclusions:A cut-off value for methane at baseline of either≥4 ppm,as in our USA dataset,or≥5 ppm,as described in a single institution study,are both highly accurate in identifying subjects at baseline that would be diagnosed as‘methanepositive’in a 10-sample lactulose breath test for small intestinal bacterial overgrowth.

关键词： breath tests spot-methane breath test diagnostic test small intestinal bacterial overgrowth

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Gastroenterology Report 2018年第3期6卷 242-242,I0003页

Gastroenterol Rep(Oxf).2017 doi:10.1093/gastro/*** authors wish to inform the reader that any references to‘confidential interval’throughout the paper have been corrected to‘confidence interval’.The paper has now ... 详细信息

关键词： methane dioxide corrected

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Association of Body Composition and Aerobic Fitness on Heart Rate Variability and Recovery in Young-Adult Black Men

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International Journal of Clinical Medicine 2013年第12期4卷 532-538页

作者： Michael R. Esco Robert L. Herron stephen J. carter Andrew A. Flatt Exercise Physiology Laboratory Department of Kinesiology The University of Alabama Tuscaloosa USA Human Performance Laboratory Department of Physical Education and Exercise Science Auburn University at Montgomery Montgomery USA

Background: The primary purpose of this investigation was to determine the differences in resting heart rate variability and heart rate recovery between norm-referenced aerobic fitness groupings, independent of body composition, in Black men. Additionally, we sought to clarify the independent relationships that heart rate variability and heart rate recovery displayed with maximal aerobic fitness and selected body composition measures. Methods: Body mass index, waist circumference, and the sum of skinfold thickness were determined in forty Black men (23 ± 3 years). Each subject assumed a supine position while heart rate variability was analyzed for 5-minute and recorded as normalized high-frequency power and normalized low-frequency power to normalized high frequency ratio. A graded exercise treadmill protocol was performed to attain maximal aerobic fitness. Heart rate recovery was recorded at 1- and 2-minute of a cool-down period. Heart rate variability and heart rate recovery were compared across two groups whose maximal aerobic fitness was either below or above the normative mean value for the age group of men. Results: The results indicated that heart rate variability was higher in the group whose maximal aerobic fitness was above the normative mean value compared with the lower fit group (p 0.05). Regression analysis revealed that the sum of skinfolds accounted for the variation in normalized high frequency power (R2 = 0.20, p < 0.05) and normalized low-frequency power to normalized high frequency ratio (R2 = 0.30, p < 0.05), while waist circumference accounted for the variation in heart rate recovery at 2-minute (R2 = 0.20, p Conclusion: The results suggest that heart rate variability and heart rate recovery hold independent relationships to body composition but not aerobic fitness in young-adult, Black men.

关键词： Skinfold Thickness Waist Circumference Cardiovascular Autonomic

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少发短信多思考

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中学生英语(高中版) 2014年第29期 12-15页

作者： stephen L.carter 刘霞

要是最近您在琢磨全家移动电话账单节节高,一定是那个15岁的家伙搞的鬼,那您多半是猜对了。最近的一份尼尔森调查报告显示,13至17岁的青少年平均每月发短信3,417条,约占短信总数的45%。除去睡眠时间,合每小时七条,即约每8.5分钟发一条... 详细信息

要是最近您在琢磨全家移动电话账单节节高,一定是那个15岁的家伙搞的鬼,那您多半是猜对了。最近的一份尼尔森调查报告显示,13至17岁的青少年平均每月发短信3,417条,约占短信总数的45%。除去睡眠时间,合每小时七条,即约每8.5分钟发一条。但是,那些看到这些数据、担忧年轻人发短信过多的人,也许是在问错误的问题。更切实的忧虑,也许

关键词：年轻人

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Neuropeptide cholecystokinin:a key neuromodulator for hippocampal functions

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 1991-1992页

作者： Fengwen Huang stephen Temitayo Bello Department of Neuroscience City University of Hong KongKowloon TongHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina Center for Regenerative Medicine and Health Hong Kong Institute of Science&InnovationChinese Academy of SciencesHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina

Spatial memory is crucial for survival within external surroundings and wild *** hippocampus,a critical hub for spatial learning and memory formation,has received extensive investigations on how neuromodulators shape its functions(Teixeira et al.,2018;Zhang et al.,2024).However,the landscape of neuromodulations in the hippocampal system remains poorly understood because most studies focus on classical monoamine neuromodulators,such as acetylcholine,serotonin,dopamine,and *** neuropeptides,comprising the most abundant neuromodulators in the central nervous system,play a pivotal role in neural information processing in the hippocampal ***(CCK),one of the most abundant neuropeptides,has been implicated in regulating various physiological and neurobiological statuses(Chen et al.,2019).CCK-A receptor(CCK-AR)and CCK-B receptors(CCK-BR)are two key receptors mediating the biological functions of CCK,both of which belong to class-A sevenfold transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors(Nishimura et al.,2015).CCK-AR preferentially reacts to sulfated CCK,whereas CCK-BR binds both CCK and gastrin with similar affinities(Ding et al.,2022).The expression patterns of CCK-AR and CCK-BR are distinct,implying that CCK has various functions in target *** instance,CCK-AR is widely expressed in the GI and brain subregions and is hence implicated in the control of digestive function and satiety ***,CCK-BR is abundantly and widely distributed in the central nervous system,which majorly regulates anxiety,learning,and memory(Ding et al.,2022).However,the roles of endogenous CCK and CCK receptors in regulating hippocampal function at electrophysiological and behavioral levels have received less attention.

关键词： abundant functions modulator

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Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived therapies for regeneration after central nervous system injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第11期20卷 3063-3075页

作者： stephen Vidman Yee Hang Ethan Ma Nolan Fullenkamp Giles W.Plant Department of Neuroscience Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA

In recent years,the progression of stem cell therapies has shown great promise in advancing the nascent field of regenerative *** the non-regenerative nature of the mature central nervous system,the concept that“blank”cells could be reprogrammed and functionally integrated into host neural networks remained *** work has also demonstrated the ability of such cells to stimulate intrinsic growth programs in post-mitotic cells,such as *** embryonic stem cells demonstrated great potential in treating central nervous system pathologies,ethical and technical concerns *** barriers,along with the clear necessity for this type of treatment,ultimately prompted the advent of induced pluripotent stem *** advantage of pluripotent cells in central nervous system regeneration is multifaceted,permitting differentiation into neural stem cells,neural progenitor cells,glia,and various neuronal *** precise spatiotemporal application of extrinsic growth factors in vitro,in addition to microenvironmental signaling in vivo,influences the efficiency of this directed *** the pluri-or multipotency of these cells is appealing,it also poses the risk of unregulated differentiation and teratoma *** of the neuroectodermal lineage,such as neuronal subpopulations and glia,have been explored with varying degrees of *** the risk of cancer or teratoma formation is greatly reduced,each subpopulation varies in effectiveness and is influenced by a myriad of factors,such as the timing of the transplant,pathology type,and the ratio of accompanying progenitor ***,successful transplantation requires innovative approaches to develop delivery vectors that can mitigate cell death and support ***,host immune responses to allogeneic grafts must be thoroughly characterized and further developed to reduce the need for *** to a clinical setting wi

关键词： axon regeneration central nervous system regeneration induced pluripotent stem cells neurotrauma regenerative medicine spinal cord injury stem cell therapy

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Change Point Detection and Trend Analysis for Time Series

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Physics 2022年第2期35卷 399-406,I0004页

作者： Hong Zhang stephen Jeffrey John carter Science and Technology Division Department of Environment and ScienceQueensland GovernmentGPO Box 2454Brisbane QLD 4001Australia

Trend analysis and change point detection in a time series are frequent analysis *** point detection is the identification of abrupt variation in the process behaviour due to natural or artificial changes,whereas trend can be defined as estimation of gradual departure from past *** analyze the time series data in the presence of trend,using Cox-Stuart methods together with the change point *** applied the methods to the nearsurface wind speed time series for Australia as an *** trends in near-surface wind speeds for Australia have been investigated based upon our newly developed wind speed datasets,which were constructed by blending observational data collected at various heights using local surface roughness *** trend in wind speed at 10 m is generally increasing while at 2 m it tends to be *** testing,change point analysis and manual inspection of records indicate several factors may be contributing to the discrepancy,such as systematic biases accompanying instrument changes,random data errors(*** day error)and data sampling *** technique and multiple-period trend analysis based upon change point detections have thus been employed to clarify the source of the inconsistencies in wind speed trends.

关键词： Time series Change point detection Trend analysis Wind speed Homogenization

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On-line non-intrusive particle size measurement of pulverised fuel through digital imaging

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仪器仪表学报 2007年第11期28卷 1942-1946页

作者： carter Robert M Department of Electronics University of Kent

This paper presents the basic principles of particle size measurement and latest industrial results recorded using an innovative optical instrumentation system designed to measure the size distribution of particles in a pneumatic *** system is non-intrusive and cost-effective.A low-cost CCD camera is used to capture images of the particulate flow field,which is illuminated by a low-cost pulsed laser sheet *** particle size distribution is then determined by processing the particle images through the use of novel processing *** results obtained in the past on a small scale particle flow test rig have demonstrated that the system is capable of measuring the size distribution of pneumatically conveyed particles with an accuracy of a few *** the present paper results obtained when testing the system at a 4 MW industrial test facility are *** are made with both off-line reference data achieved through sieving and on-line laser diffraction data recorded using an intrusive,extractive,Malvern Instruments *** general there is good agreement between results when considering the characteristics and limitations of the individual *** novel imaging system shows itself to be rugged,practical and useful under genuine industrial conditions.

关键词：粒子测量方法数字成像数码

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Differentiation of lethal and non lethal prostate cancer： PSA and PSA isoforms and kinetics

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2012年第3期14卷 355-360,I0004页

作者： H Ballentine carter Department of Urology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Johns Hopkins Hospital Baltimore MD 21287-2101 USA

Prostate-specific antigen （PSA） testing for the early diagnosis of prostate cancer has led to a decrease in cancer mortality. However, the high prevalence of low-grade prostate cancer and its long natural history, competing causes of death in older men and treatment patterns of prostate cancer, have led to dramatic overtreatment of the disease. Improved markers of prostate cancer lethality are needed to reduce the overtreatment of prostate cancer that leads to a reduced quality of life without extending life for a high proportion of men. The PSA level prior to treatment is routinely used in multivariable models to predict prostate cancer aggressiveness. PSA isoforms and PSA kinetics have been associated with more aggressive phenotypes, but are not routinely employed as part of prediction tools prior to treatment. PSA kinetics is a valuable marker of lethality post treatment and routinely used in determininE the need for salva=e theraov.

关键词： benign PSA human kallikrein 2 precursor form of PSA prostate specific antigen PSA kinetics unbound or free PSA

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Evaluating COVID-19’s impacts on Puerto Rican’s travel behaviors

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Geo-Spatial Information Science 2023年第4期26卷 616-626页

作者： Lauren C.carter Ran Tao School of Geosciences University of South FloridaTampaFLUSA

The COVID-19 pandemic has completely disrupted and possibly permanently changed the way humans *** Puerto Rico,major travel restrictions to the island have persisted at different levels since March 2020,which heavily influenced residents’travel ***,it remains unclear about how big the impact is and how inequitable it might *** goal of this study is to evaluate COVID-19’s impacts on Puerto Rican’s travel behaviors by analyzing travel flows from Puerto Rico to the contiguous US with a modified gravity *** roles of socioeconomic factors regarding the Puerto Rican travelers and COVID-19 factors regarding the destination US states have been ***-19 was a strong deterring factor of travel at the beginning of the pandemic and also in the winter of 2020,but it did not keep Puerto Ricans from traveling during the summer 2020 when most travel restrictions were *** found that the elderly population of Puerto Rico,despite being more vulnerable to COVID-19,were much more likely to travel during the *** also found that,during the holiday season in 2020,some socioeconomically disadvantaged populations were more likely to be traveling,a direct contradiction to their travel flows the year *** findings shed light on about how disproportionately affected populations behavior changed from pre-pandemic to after the pandemic *** the continuance of the pandemic,this information is extremely valuable for future planning with respect to emergency management,travel regulation,and social benefit.

关键词： COVID-19 Puerto Rico travel behavior social vulnerability human mobility

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